diff --git a/include/ircd/lex_cast.h b/include/ircd/lex_cast.h
index 581ece324..ebc3dc1fa 100644
--- a/include/ircd/lex_cast.h
+++ b/include/ircd/lex_cast.h
@@ -31,25 +31,6 @@ namespace ircd
 	// Circular static thread_local buffer
 	const size_t LEX_CAST_BUFS {256}; // plenty
 	template<class T> string_view lex_cast(const T &t);
-
-	// Binary <-> Hex conversion suite
-	const_buffer a2u(const mutable_buffer &out, const const_buffer &in);
-	string_view u2a(const mutable_buffer &out, const const_buffer &in);
-	std::string u2a(const const_buffer &in);
-
-	// Human readable space suite
-	using human_readable_size = std::tuple<uint64_t, long double, const string_view &>;
-	human_readable_size iec(const uint64_t &value);
-	human_readable_size si(const uint64_t &value);
-	string_view pretty(const mutable_buffer &out, const human_readable_size &);
-	std::string pretty(const human_readable_size &);
-	string_view pretty_only(const mutable_buffer &out, const human_readable_size &);
-	std::string pretty_only(const human_readable_size &);
-
-	// Human readable time suite (for timers and counts; otherwise see date.h)
-	string_view pretty_nanoseconds(const mutable_buffer &out, const long double &);
-	template<class r, class p> string_view pretty(const mutable_buffer &out, const duration<r, p> &);
-	template<class r, class p> std::string pretty(const duration<r, p> &);
 }
 
 namespace ircd
@@ -271,25 +252,3 @@ ircd::try_lex_cast<std::string>(const string_view &s)
 {
 	return true;
 }
-
-template<class rep,
-         class period>
-std::string
-ircd::pretty(const duration<rep, period> &d)
-{
-	return util::string(32, [&d]
-	(const mutable_buffer &out)
-	{
-		return pretty(out, d);
-	});
-}
-
-template<class rep,
-         class period>
-ircd::string_view
-ircd::pretty(const mutable_buffer &out,
-             const duration<rep, period> &d)
-{
-	const auto &ns(duration_cast<nanoseconds>(d));
-	return pretty_nanoseconds(out, ns.count());
-}
diff --git a/include/ircd/util/pretty.h b/include/ircd/util/pretty.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8690c53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ircd/util/pretty.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Matrix Construct
+//
+// Copyright (C) Matrix Construct Developers, Authors & Contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2016-2018 Jason Volk <jason@zemos.net>
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+// copyright notice and this permission notice is present in all copies. The
+// full license for this software is available in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+#define HAVE_IRCD_UTIL_PRETTY_H
+
+namespace ircd::util
+{
+	// Human readable space suite
+	using human_readable_size = std::tuple<uint64_t, long double, const string_view &>;
+	human_readable_size iec(const uint64_t &value);
+	human_readable_size si(const uint64_t &value);
+	string_view pretty(const mutable_buffer &out, const human_readable_size &);
+	std::string pretty(const human_readable_size &);
+	string_view pretty_only(const mutable_buffer &out, const human_readable_size &);
+	std::string pretty_only(const human_readable_size &);
+
+	// Human readable time suite (for timers and counts; otherwise see date.h)
+	string_view pretty_nanoseconds(const mutable_buffer &out, const long double &);
+	template<class r, class p> string_view pretty(const mutable_buffer &out, const duration<r, p> &);
+	template<class r, class p> std::string pretty(const duration<r, p> &);
+}
+
+template<class rep,
+         class period>
+std::string
+ircd::util::pretty(const duration<rep, period> &d)
+{
+	return util::string(32, [&d]
+	(const mutable_buffer &out)
+	{
+		return pretty(out, d);
+	});
+}
+
+template<class rep,
+         class period>
+ircd::string_view
+ircd::util::pretty(const mutable_buffer &out,
+                   const duration<rep, period> &d)
+{
+	const auto &ns(duration_cast<nanoseconds>(d));
+	return pretty_nanoseconds(out, ns.count());
+}
diff --git a/include/ircd/util/u2a.h b/include/ircd/util/u2a.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..504c33e2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ircd/util/u2a.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Matrix Construct
+//
+// Copyright (C) Matrix Construct Developers, Authors & Contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2016-2018 Jason Volk <jason@zemos.net>
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+// copyright notice and this permission notice is present in all copies. The
+// full license for this software is available in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+#define HAVE_IRCD_UTIL_U2A_H
+
+namespace ircd::util
+{
+	// Binary <-> Hex conversion suite
+	const_buffer a2u(const mutable_buffer &out, const const_buffer &in);
+	string_view u2a(const mutable_buffer &out, const const_buffer &in);
+	std::string u2a(const const_buffer &in);
+}
diff --git a/include/ircd/util/util.h b/include/ircd/util/util.h
index 932f930dd..adb99dbab 100644
--- a/include/ircd/util/util.h
+++ b/include/ircd/util/util.h
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ namespace ircd
 #include "iterator.h"
 #include "nothrow.h"
 #include "what.h"
+#include "u2a.h"
+#include "pretty.h"
 
 // Unsorted section
 namespace ircd {
diff --git a/ircd/Makefile.am b/ircd/Makefile.am
index ed900cdc3..298b0f764 100644
--- a/ircd/Makefile.am
+++ b/ircd/Makefile.am
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ libircd_la_LIBADD = \
 libircd_la_SOURCES =   \
 	allocator.cc       \
 	exception.cc       \
+	util.cc            \
 	ios.cc             \
 	lexical.cc         \
 	tokens.cc          \
diff --git a/ircd/lexical.cc b/ircd/lexical.cc
index 5c17d330a..192b449d6 100644
--- a/ircd/lexical.cc
+++ b/ircd/lexical.cc
@@ -18,244 +18,6 @@
 
 #include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
 
-//
-// misc util
-//
-
-//
-// Human readable time suite
-//
-
-ircd::string_view
-ircd::pretty_nanoseconds(const mutable_buffer &out,
-                         const long double &ns)
-{
-	static const std::array<string_view, 7> unit
-	{
-		"nanoseconds",
-		"microseconds",
-		"milliseconds",
-		"seconds",
-		"minutes",
-		"hours",
-		"days",
-	};
-
-	auto pos(0);
-	long double val(ns);
-
-	// nanoseconds -> microseconds
-	if(val > 1000.0)
-	{
-		val /= 1000;
-		++pos;
-	}
-	else goto done;
-
-	// microseconds -> milliseconds
-	if(val > 1000.0)
-	{
-		val /= 1000;
-		++pos;
-	}
-	else goto done;
-
-	// milliseconds -> seconds
-	if(val > 1000.0)
-	{
-		val /= 1000;
-		++pos;
-	}
-	else goto done;
-
-	// seconds -> minutes
-	if(val > 60.0)
-	{
-		val /= 60;
-		++pos;
-	}
-	else goto done;
-
-	// minutes -> hours
-	if(val > 60.0)
-	{
-		val /= 60;
-		++pos;
-	}
-	else goto done;
-
-	// hours -> days
-	if(val > 12.0)
-	{
-		val /= 12;
-		++pos;
-	}
-	else goto done;
-
-	done:
-	return fmt::sprintf
-	{
-		out, "%.2lf %s",
-		val,
-		unit.at(pos)
-	};
-}
-
-//
-// Human readable space suite
-//
-
-std::string
-ircd::pretty_only(const human_readable_size &value)
-{
-	return util::string(32, [&value]
-	(const mutable_buffer &out)
-	{
-		return pretty_only(out, value);
-	});
-}
-
-ircd::string_view
-ircd::pretty_only(const mutable_buffer &out,
-                  const human_readable_size &value)
-try
-{
-	return fmt::sprintf
-	{
-		out, "%.2lf %s",
-		std::get<long double>(value),
-		std::get<const string_view &>(value)
-	};
-}
-catch(const std::out_of_range &e)
-{
-	return fmt::sprintf
-	{
-		out, "%lu B",
-		std::get<uint64_t>(value)
-	};
-}
-
-std::string
-ircd::pretty(const human_readable_size &value)
-{
-	return util::string(64, [&value]
-	(const mutable_buffer &out)
-	{
-		return pretty(out, value);
-	});
-}
-
-ircd::string_view
-ircd::pretty(const mutable_buffer &out,
-             const human_readable_size &value)
-try
-{
-	return fmt::sprintf
-	{
-		out, "%.2lf %s (%lu)",
-		std::get<long double>(value),
-		std::get<const string_view &>(value),
-		std::get<uint64_t>(value)
-	};
-}
-catch(const std::out_of_range &e)
-{
-	return fmt::sprintf
-	{
-		out, "%lu B",
-		std::get<uint64_t>(value)
-	};
-}
-
-ircd::human_readable_size
-ircd::iec(const uint64_t &value)
-{
-	static const std::array<string_view, 7> unit
-	{
-		"B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB"
-	};
-
-	auto pos(0);
-	long double v(value);
-	for(; v > 1024.0; v /= 1024.0, ++pos);
-	return
-	{
-		value, v, unit.at(pos)
-	};
-}
-
-ircd::human_readable_size
-ircd::si(const uint64_t &value)
-{
-	static const std::array<string_view, 7> unit
-	{
-		"B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB"
-	};
-
-	auto pos(0);
-	long double v(value);
-	for(; v > 1000.0; v /= 1000.0, ++pos);
-	return
-	{
-		value, v, unit.at(pos)
-	};
-}
-
-//
-// binary <-> hex suite
-//
-
-std::string
-ircd::u2a(const const_buffer &in)
-{
-	return string(size(in) * 2, [&in]
-	(const mutable_buffer &out)
-	{
-		return u2a(out, in);
-	});
-}
-
-ircd::string_view
-ircd::u2a(const mutable_buffer &out,
-          const const_buffer &in)
-{
-	char *p(data(out));
-	for(size_t i(0); i < size(in) && p + 2 <= end(out); ++i)
-	{
-		char tmp[3];
-		::snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", in[i]);
-		*p++ = tmp[0];
-		*p++ = tmp[1];
-	}
-
-	return { data(out), p };
-}
-
-ircd::const_buffer
-ircd::a2u(const mutable_buffer &out,
-          const const_buffer &in)
-{
-	const size_t len{size(in) / 2};
-	for(size_t i(0); i < len; ++i)
-	{
-		const char gl[3]
-		{
-			in[i * 2],
-			in[i * 2 + 1],
-			'\0'
-		};
-
-		out[i] = strtol(gl, nullptr, 16);
-	}
-
-	return { data(out), len };
-}
-
-//
-// lex_cast
-//
-
 namespace ircd
 {
 	/// The static lex_cast ring buffers are each LEX_CAST_BUFSIZE bytes;
diff --git a/ircd/util.cc b/ircd/util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d29b1d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ircd/util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+// Matrix Construct
+//
+// Copyright (C) Matrix Construct Developers, Authors & Contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2016-2018 Jason Volk <jason@zemos.net>
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+// copyright notice and this permission notice is present in all copies. The
+// full license for this software is available in the LICENSE file.
+
+//
+// Human readable time suite
+//
+
+ircd::string_view
+ircd::util::pretty_nanoseconds(const mutable_buffer &out,
+                               const long double &ns)
+{
+	static const std::array<string_view, 7> unit
+	{
+		"nanoseconds",
+		"microseconds",
+		"milliseconds",
+		"seconds",
+		"minutes",
+		"hours",
+		"days",
+	};
+
+	auto pos(0);
+	long double val(ns);
+
+	// nanoseconds -> microseconds
+	if(val > 1000.0)
+	{
+		val /= 1000;
+		++pos;
+	}
+	else goto done;
+
+	// microseconds -> milliseconds
+	if(val > 1000.0)
+	{
+		val /= 1000;
+		++pos;
+	}
+	else goto done;
+
+	// milliseconds -> seconds
+	if(val > 1000.0)
+	{
+		val /= 1000;
+		++pos;
+	}
+	else goto done;
+
+	// seconds -> minutes
+	if(val > 60.0)
+	{
+		val /= 60;
+		++pos;
+	}
+	else goto done;
+
+	// minutes -> hours
+	if(val > 60.0)
+	{
+		val /= 60;
+		++pos;
+	}
+	else goto done;
+
+	// hours -> days
+	if(val > 12.0)
+	{
+		val /= 12;
+		++pos;
+	}
+	else goto done;
+
+	done:
+	return fmt::sprintf
+	{
+		out, "%.2lf %s",
+		val,
+		unit.at(pos)
+	};
+}
+
+//
+// Human readable space suite
+//
+
+std::string
+ircd::util::pretty_only(const human_readable_size &value)
+{
+	return util::string(32, [&value]
+	(const mutable_buffer &out)
+	{
+		return pretty_only(out, value);
+	});
+}
+
+ircd::string_view
+ircd::util::pretty_only(const mutable_buffer &out,
+                        const human_readable_size &value)
+try
+{
+	return fmt::sprintf
+	{
+		out, "%.2lf %s",
+		std::get<long double>(value),
+		std::get<const string_view &>(value)
+	};
+}
+catch(const std::out_of_range &e)
+{
+	return fmt::sprintf
+	{
+		out, "%lu B",
+		std::get<uint64_t>(value)
+	};
+}
+
+std::string
+ircd::util::pretty(const human_readable_size &value)
+{
+	return util::string(64, [&value]
+	(const mutable_buffer &out)
+	{
+		return pretty(out, value);
+	});
+}
+
+ircd::string_view
+ircd::util::pretty(const mutable_buffer &out,
+                   const human_readable_size &value)
+try
+{
+	return fmt::sprintf
+	{
+		out, "%.2lf %s (%lu)",
+		std::get<long double>(value),
+		std::get<const string_view &>(value),
+		std::get<uint64_t>(value)
+	};
+}
+catch(const std::out_of_range &e)
+{
+	return fmt::sprintf
+	{
+		out, "%lu B",
+		std::get<uint64_t>(value)
+	};
+}
+
+ircd::human_readable_size
+ircd::util::iec(const uint64_t &value)
+{
+	static const std::array<string_view, 7> unit
+	{
+		"B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB"
+	};
+
+	auto pos(0);
+	long double v(value);
+	for(; v > 1024.0; v /= 1024.0, ++pos);
+	return
+	{
+		value, v, unit.at(pos)
+	};
+}
+
+ircd::human_readable_size
+ircd::util::si(const uint64_t &value)
+{
+	static const std::array<string_view, 7> unit
+	{
+		"B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB"
+	};
+
+	auto pos(0);
+	long double v(value);
+	for(; v > 1000.0; v /= 1000.0, ++pos);
+	return
+	{
+		value, v, unit.at(pos)
+	};
+}
+
+//
+// binary <-> hex suite
+//
+
+std::string
+ircd::util::u2a(const const_buffer &in)
+{
+	return string(size(in) * 2, [&in]
+	(const mutable_buffer &out)
+	{
+		return u2a(out, in);
+	});
+}
+
+ircd::string_view
+ircd::util::u2a(const mutable_buffer &out,
+                const const_buffer &in)
+{
+	char *p(data(out));
+	for(size_t i(0); i < size(in) && p + 2 <= end(out); ++i)
+	{
+		char tmp[3];
+		::snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", in[i]);
+		*p++ = tmp[0];
+		*p++ = tmp[1];
+	}
+
+	return { data(out), p };
+}
+
+ircd::const_buffer
+ircd::util::a2u(const mutable_buffer &out,
+                const const_buffer &in)
+{
+	const size_t len{size(in) / 2};
+	for(size_t i(0); i < len; ++i)
+	{
+		const char gl[3]
+		{
+			in[i * 2],
+			in[i * 2 + 1],
+			'\0'
+		};
+
+		out[i] = strtol(gl, nullptr, 16);
+	}
+
+	return { data(out), len };
+}