diff --git a/modules/federation/backfill.cc b/modules/federation/backfill.cc
index 7cf7ced06..b0f7b90a4 100644
--- a/modules/federation/backfill.cc
+++ b/modules/federation/backfill.cc
@@ -112,14 +112,9 @@ get__backfill(client &client,
 	};
 
 	json::stack::object top{out};
-	json::stack::member pdus_m
-	{
-		top, "pdus"
-	};
-
 	json::stack::array pdus
 	{
-		pdus_m
+		top, "pdus"
 	};
 
 	size_t count{0};
diff --git a/modules/federation/backfill_ids.cc b/modules/federation/backfill_ids.cc
index d3801a7f4..398a00678 100644
--- a/modules/federation/backfill_ids.cc
+++ b/modules/federation/backfill_ids.cc
@@ -113,14 +113,9 @@ get__backfill_ids(client &client,
 	};
 
 	json::stack::object top{out};
-	json::stack::member pdus_m
-	{
-		top, "pdu_ids"
-	};
-
 	json::stack::array pdus
 	{
-		pdus_m
+		top, "pdu_ids"
 	};
 
 	size_t count{0};
diff --git a/modules/federation/event.cc b/modules/federation/event.cc
index b8d49dcbe..b6cc8076a 100644
--- a/modules/federation/event.cc
+++ b/modules/federation/event.cc
@@ -66,14 +66,9 @@ handle_get(client &client,
 	};
 
 	json::stack::object top{out};
-	json::stack::member pdus_m
-	{
-		top, "pdus"
-	};
-
 	json::stack::array pdus
 	{
-		pdus_m
+		top, "pdus"
 	};
 
 	pdus.append(event);
diff --git a/modules/federation/event_auth.cc b/modules/federation/event_auth.cc
index a83a037b9..05d9abb9b 100644
--- a/modules/federation/event_auth.cc
+++ b/modules/federation/event_auth.cc
@@ -81,14 +81,9 @@ get__event_auth(client &client,
 	};
 
 	json::stack::object top{out};
-	json::stack::member auth_chain_m
-	{
-		top, "auth_chain"
-	};
-
 	json::stack::array auth_chain
 	{
-		auth_chain_m
+		top, "auth_chain"
 	};
 
 	const m::event::auth::chain chain
diff --git a/modules/federation/get_missing_events.cc b/modules/federation/get_missing_events.cc
index d735154eb..916258db2 100644
--- a/modules/federation/get_missing_events.cc
+++ b/modules/federation/get_missing_events.cc
@@ -119,14 +119,9 @@ get__missing_events(client &client,
 	};
 
 	json::stack::object top{out};
-	json::stack::member events_m
-	{
-		top, "events"
-	};
-
 	json::stack::array events
 	{
-		events_m
+		top, "events"
 	};
 
 	std::deque<std::string> queue;
diff --git a/modules/federation/publicrooms.cc b/modules/federation/publicrooms.cc
index 71f489300..fc0b2f0b3 100644
--- a/modules/federation/publicrooms.cc
+++ b/modules/federation/publicrooms.cc
@@ -95,8 +95,10 @@ handle_get(client &client,
 	m::room::id::buf next_batch_buf;
 	json::stack::object top{out};
 	{
-		json::stack::member chunk_m{top, "chunk"};
-		json::stack::array chunk{chunk_m};
+		json::stack::array chunk
+		{
+			top, "chunk"
+		};
 
 		const string_view &key
 		{