diff --git a/include/ircd/json/member.h b/include/ircd/json/member.h
index 7223e5f8e..327383410 100644
--- a/include/ircd/json/member.h
+++ b/include/ircd/json/member.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 namespace ircd::json
 {
 	struct member;
-	using members = std::initializer_list<member>;
+	using members = std::initializer_list<const member>;
 
 	bool operator==(const member &a, const member &b);
 	bool operator==(const member &a, const string_view &b);
@@ -63,24 +63,24 @@ ircd::json::member::member(const string_view &key,
 template<class V>
 ircd::json::member::member(const string_view &key,
                            V&& v)
-:std::pair<value, value>
+:member
 {
-	{ key, json::STRING }, std::forward<V>(v)
+	key, value { std::forward<V>(v) }
 }
 {}
 
 inline
 ircd::json::member::member(const object::member &m)
-:std::pair<value, value>
+:member
 {
-	{ m.first, json::STRING }, value { m.second, type(m.second) }
+	m.first, value { m.second, type(m.second) }
 }
 {}
 
 inline
 ircd::json::member::member(const string_view &k)
-:std::pair<value, value>
+:member
 {
-	{ k, json::STRING }, string_view{}
+	k, value{}
 }
 {}
diff --git a/include/ircd/json/tuple/tuple.h b/include/ircd/json/tuple/tuple.h
index d64aad859..0879c19ed 100644
--- a/include/ircd/json/tuple/tuple.h
+++ b/include/ircd/json/tuple/tuple.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ struct tuple
 	template<class U> explicit tuple(const tuple &, const json::keys<U> &);
 	tuple(const json::object &);
 	tuple(const json::iov &);
-	tuple(const std::initializer_list<member> &);
+	tuple(const json::members &);
 	tuple() = default;
 };
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ tuple<T...>::tuple(const json::iov &iov)
 }
 
 template<class... T>
-tuple<T...>::tuple(const std::initializer_list<member> &members)
+tuple<T...>::tuple(const json::members &members)
 {
 	std::for_each(std::begin(members), std::end(members), [this]
 	(const auto &member)
diff --git a/include/ircd/json/type.h b/include/ircd/json/type.h
index ccb66f7a0..a3c331bb5 100644
--- a/include/ircd/json/type.h
+++ b/include/ircd/json/type.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace ircd::json
 	struct array;
 	struct vector;
 	struct iov;
-	using members = std::initializer_list<member>;
+	using members = std::initializer_list<const member>;
 
 	enum type type(const string_view &);
 	enum type type(const string_view &, std::nothrow_t);