diff --git a/construct/console.cc b/construct/console.cc
index 270b8dbad..0643df621 100644
--- a/construct/console.cc
+++ b/construct/console.cc
@@ -327,7 +327,10 @@ construct::console::handle_line_bymodule()
 			{
 				const fs::fd fd
 				{
-					record_path, std::ios::out | std::ios::app
+					record_path, fs::fd::opts
+					{
+						.mode = std::ios::out | std::ios::app,
+					},
 				};
 
 				// Generate a copy of the command line to give some context
diff --git a/include/ircd/beep.h b/include/ircd/beep.h
index 37dd0cf56..72054e2be 100644
--- a/include/ircd/beep.h
+++ b/include/ircd/beep.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ class ircd::beep
 {
 	struct ctrl;
 
+	static const fs::fd::opts fd_opts;
 	static ctx::mutex mutex;
 	static conf::item<std::string> path;
 	static conf::item<bool> debug;
diff --git a/include/ircd/fs/fd.h b/include/ircd/fs/fd.h
index d17b0fd30..06ddeabe9 100644
--- a/include/ircd/fs/fd.h
+++ b/include/ircd/fs/fd.h
@@ -93,10 +93,6 @@ struct ircd::fs::fd::opts
 
 	/// Advise for dontneed access (ignored when direct=true)
 	bool dontneed {false};
-
-	/// Construct options from an std::ios::open_mode bitmask.
-	opts(const std::ios::openmode &);
-	opts() = default;
 };
 
 inline bool
diff --git a/include/ircd/fs/map.h b/include/ircd/fs/map.h
index 54d8b4cc6..74d8c6375 100644
--- a/include/ircd/fs/map.h
+++ b/include/ircd/fs/map.h
@@ -54,10 +54,6 @@ struct ircd::fs::map::opts
 	bool locked {false};
 	bool huge2mb {false};
 	bool huge1gb {false};
-
-	opts(const fd::opts &opts = {std::ios::in})
-	:fd::opts(opts)
-	{}
 };
 
 inline
diff --git a/include/ircd/fs/opts.h b/include/ircd/fs/opts.h
index 06be9b8f7..e184bdc7c 100644
--- a/include/ircd/fs/opts.h
+++ b/include/ircd/fs/opts.h
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ struct ircd::fs::opts
 	/// at the end of the file (RWF_APPEND or legacy non-atomic lseek()).
 	off_t offset {0};
 
+	/// The enumerated operation code to identify the type of request being
+	/// made at runtime from any abstract list of requests. This is set by
+	/// the fs:: interface call and not the user in most cases. The user
+	/// should not rely on this value being preserved if, e.g. they set a read
+	/// opcode and then pass the opts structure to write().
+	enum op op {op::NOOP};
+
 	/// Request priority. Lower value takes priority over higher. The lowest
 	/// possible priority value is special, on supporting platforms (RWF_HIPRI).
 	/// One can either simply set the integer minimum or use the extern value.
@@ -53,24 +60,7 @@ struct ircd::fs::opts
 	/// not used simultaneously).
 	bool aio {true};
 
-	/// The enumerated operation code to identify the type of request being
-	/// made at runtime from any abstract list of requests. This is set by
-	/// the fs:: interface call and not the user in most cases. The user
-	/// should not rely on this value being preserved if, e.g. they set a read
-	/// opcode and then pass the opts structure to write().
-	enum op op {op::NOOP};
-
 	/// Suppress logging of some expected/tolerated failures. Set to false
 	/// if the call should just silently rethrow.
 	bool errlog {true};
-
-	opts(const off_t &, const enum op & = op::NOOP);
-	opts() = default;
 };
-
-inline
-ircd::fs::opts::opts(const off_t &offset,
-                     const enum op &op)
-:offset{offset}
-,op{op}
-{}
diff --git a/ircd/beep.cc b/ircd/beep.cc
index 8899fbc1a..8135bbacb 100644
--- a/ircd/beep.cc
+++ b/ircd/beep.cc
@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ struct ircd::beep::ctrl
 	int32_t tone {0};
 };
 
+decltype(ircd::beep::fd_opts)
+ircd::beep::fd_opts
+{
+	.mode = std::ios::out
+};
+
 decltype(ircd::beep::mutex)
 ircd::beep::mutex;
 
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@ try
 ,fd
 {
 	tone > 0.0f?
-		fs::fd{string_view{path}, std::ios::out}:
+		fs::fd{string_view{path}, fd_opts}:
 		fs::fd{-1}
 }
 {
diff --git a/ircd/db_env.cc b/ircd/db_env.cc
index 9e7fb8b31..d873697f5 100644
--- a/ircd/db_env.cc
+++ b/ircd/db_env.cc
@@ -1254,19 +1254,13 @@ try
 {
 	env_opts
 }
-,opts{[this, &trunc]
+,opts
 {
-	fs::fd::opts ret
-	{
-		std::ios::out |
-		(trunc? std::ios::trunc : std::ios::openmode(0))
-	};
-
-	ret.dontneed = true;
-	ret.direct = this->env_opts.use_direct_writes;
-	ret.cloexec = this->env_opts.set_fd_cloexec;
-	return ret;
-}()}
+	.mode = std::ios::out | (trunc? std::ios::trunc : std::ios::openmode(0)),
+	.direct = this->env_opts.use_direct_writes,
+	.cloexec = this->env_opts.set_fd_cloexec,
+	.dontneed = true,
+}
 ,ionice
 {
 	ctx::ionice(ctx::cur())
@@ -1677,7 +1671,7 @@ noexcept try
 	if(opts.direct)
 		return Status::OK();
 
-	fs::evict(fd, length, fs::opts(offset));
+	fs::evict(fd, length, offset);
 	return Status::OK();
 }
 catch(const std::system_error &e)
@@ -2842,12 +2836,11 @@ const
 //
 
 decltype(ircd::db::database::env::sequential_file::default_opts)
-ircd::db::database::env::sequential_file::default_opts{[]
+ircd::db::database::env::sequential_file::default_opts
 {
-	ircd::fs::fd::opts ret{std::ios_base::in};
-	ret.sequential = true;
-	return ret;
-}()};
+	.mode = std::ios_base::in,
+	.sequential = true,
+};
 
 ircd::db::database::env::sequential_file::sequential_file(database *const &d,
                                                           const std::string &name,
@@ -3190,7 +3183,7 @@ noexcept try
 	if(opts.direct)
 		return Status::OK();
 
-	fs::evict(fd, length, fs::opts(offset));
+	fs::evict(fd, length, offset);
 	return Status::OK();
 }
 catch(const std::system_error &e)
@@ -3246,12 +3239,11 @@ const noexcept
 //
 
 decltype(ircd::db::database::env::random_access_file::default_opts)
-ircd::db::database::env::random_access_file::default_opts{[]
+ircd::db::database::env::random_access_file::default_opts
 {
-	ircd::fs::fd::opts ret{std::ios_base::in};
-	ret.random = true;
-	return ret;
-}()};
+	.mode = std::ios_base::in,
+	.random = true,
+};
 
 ircd::db::database::env::random_access_file::random_access_file(database *const &d,
                                                                 const std::string &name,
@@ -3585,7 +3577,7 @@ noexcept
 	if(opts.direct)
 		return Status::OK();
 
-	fs::evict(fd, length, fs::opts(offset));
+	fs::evict(fd, length, offset);
 	return Status::OK();
 }
 
@@ -3671,16 +3663,11 @@ const noexcept
 //
 
 decltype(ircd::db::database::env::random_rw_file::default_opts)
-ircd::db::database::env::random_rw_file::default_opts{[]
+ircd::db::database::env::random_rw_file::default_opts
 {
-	ircd::fs::fd::opts ret
-	{
-		std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::out
-	};
-
-	ret.random = true;
-	return ret;
-}()};
+	.mode = std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::out,
+	.random = true,
+};
 
 ircd::db::database::env::random_rw_file::random_rw_file(database *const &d,
                                                         const std::string &name,
diff --git a/ircd/fs.cc b/ircd/fs.cc
index 872cc6fb4..c860eb85b 100644
--- a/ircd/fs.cc
+++ b/ircd/fs.cc
@@ -294,14 +294,12 @@ ircd::fs::support::fallocate(const string_view &path,
                              const write_opts &wopts)
 try
 {
-	const fd::opts opts
+	const fs::fd fd
 	{
-		std::ios::out
-	};
-
-	fs::fd fd
-	{
-		path, opts
+		path, fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::out,
+		},
 	};
 
 	fs::allocate(fd, info::page_size, wopts);
@@ -327,9 +325,15 @@ bool
 ircd::fs::support::direct_io(const string_view &path)
 try
 {
-	fd::opts opts{std::ios::out};
-	opts.direct = true;
-	fd{path, opts};
+	fs::fd
+	{
+		path, fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::out,
+			.direct = true,
+		}
+	};
+
 	return true;
 }
 catch(const std::system_error &e)
@@ -615,10 +619,13 @@ ircd::fs::stdin::tty::tty()
 :fd{[]
 {
 	char buf[256];
-	syscall(::ttyname_r, STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf));
-	return fd
+	sys::call(::ttyname_r, STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	return fs::fd
 	{
-		string_view{buf}, std::ios_base::out
+		string_view{buf}, fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios_base::out
+		}
 	};
 }()}
 {
@@ -829,9 +836,15 @@ ircd::fs::incore(const fd &fd,
                  const size_t &count,
                  const read_opts &opts)
 {
-	fs::map::opts map_opts;
-	map_opts.offset = align(opts.offset, info::page_size);
-	map_opts.blocking = false;
+	const fs::map::opts map_opts
+	{
+		fs::opts
+		{
+			.offset = off_t(align(opts.offset, info::page_size)),
+			.blocking = false,
+		},
+	};
+
 	const size_t &map_size
 	{
 		count?: size(fd)
@@ -1157,9 +1170,12 @@ ircd::fs::truncate(const string_view &path,
                    const size_t &size,
                    const write_opts &opts)
 {
-	const fd fd
+	const fs::fd fd
 	{
-		path, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc
+		path, fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc,
+		},
 	};
 
 	return truncate(fd, size, opts);
@@ -1211,9 +1227,12 @@ ircd::fs::overwrite(const string_view &path,
                     const const_buffers &bufs,
                     const write_opts &opts)
 {
-	const fd fd
+	const fs::fd fd
 	{
-		path, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc
+		path, fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc,
+		},
 	};
 
 	return overwrite(fd, bufs, opts);
@@ -1268,9 +1287,12 @@ ircd::fs::append(const string_view &path,
                  const const_buffers &bufs,
                  const write_opts &opts)
 {
-	const fd fd
+	const fs::fd fd
 	{
-		path, std::ios::out | std::ios::app
+		path, fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::out | std::ios::app
+		},
 	};
 
 	return append(fd, bufs, opts);
@@ -1331,9 +1353,12 @@ ircd::fs::write(const string_view &path,
                 const const_buffers &bufs,
                 const write_opts &opts)
 {
-	const fd fd
+	const fs::fd fd
 	{
-		path, std::ios::out
+		path, fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::out
+		},
 	};
 
 	return write(fd, bufs, opts);
@@ -2239,6 +2264,7 @@ namespace ircd::fs
 {
 	static uint flags(const fd::opts &);
 	static uint flags(const std::ios::openmode &);
+	static fd::opts make(const fd::opts &);
 	static long pathconf(const fd &, const int &arg);
 }
 
@@ -2438,32 +2464,6 @@ ircd::fs::size(const fd &fd)
 	return end;
 }
 
-//
-// fd::opts
-//
-
-ircd::fs::fd::opts::opts(const std::ios::openmode &mode)
-:mode
-{
-	mode
-}
-,flags
-{
-	fs::flags(mode)
-}
-,mask
-{
-	flags & O_CREAT?
-		S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR:
-		0U
-}
-,ate
-{
-	bool(mode & std::ios::ate)
-}
-{
-}
-
 //
 // fd::fd
 //
@@ -2495,7 +2495,7 @@ ircd::fs::fd::fd(const string_view &path,
 
 ircd::fs::fd::fd(const int &dirfd,
                  const string_view &path,
-                 const opts &opts)
+                 const opts &opts_)
 try
 :fdno
 {
@@ -2507,6 +2507,11 @@ try
 		[this] { this->~fd(); }
 	};
 
+	const auto opts
+	{
+		make(opts_)
+	};
+
 	const mode_t mode
 	{
 		mode_t(opts.mask)
@@ -2548,7 +2553,7 @@ try
 }
 catch(const std::system_error &e)
 {
-	if(opts.errlog)
+	if(opts_.errlog)
 		log::derror
 		{
 			log, "`%s' :%s",
@@ -2633,6 +2638,22 @@ const
 	return ret;
 }
 
+ircd::fs::fd::opts
+ircd::fs::make(const fd::opts &opts)
+{
+	fd::opts ret(opts);
+	if(!ret.flags)
+		ret.flags = fs::flags(ret);
+
+	if(!ret.mask && (ret.flags & O_CREAT))
+		ret.mask = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
+
+	if(!ret.ate)
+		ret.ate = bool(ret.mode & std::ios::ate);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 uint
 ircd::fs::flags(const fd::opts &opts)
 {
diff --git a/ircd/gpt_pipe_code.cc b/ircd/gpt_pipe_code.cc
index 723cabb58..b1fe87fa4 100644
--- a/ircd/gpt_pipe_code.cc
+++ b/ircd/gpt_pipe_code.cc
@@ -140,7 +140,10 @@ ircd::gpt::pipe::code::set_cache(const string_view &path)
 
 	const fs::fd fd
 	{
-		path, std::ios::out
+		path, fs::fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::out
+		},
 	};
 
 	const auto written
diff --git a/ircd/prof_psi.cc b/ircd/prof_psi.cc
index 33773340a..74ef38f17 100644
--- a/ircd/prof_psi.cc
+++ b/ircd/prof_psi.cc
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ try
 
 	const fs::fd::opts opts
 	{
-		std::ios::in | std::ios::out
+		.mode = std::ios::in | std::ios::out
 	};
 
 	// Open the fd's; if triggers were given we don't open files that were
diff --git a/matrix/events.cc b/matrix/events.cc
index 65d1dcf14..912531274 100644
--- a/matrix/events.cc
+++ b/matrix/events.cc
@@ -92,17 +92,16 @@ ircd::m::events::dump__file(const string_view &filename)
 		db::get::NO_CACHE, db::get::NO_CHECKSUM
 	};
 
-	static const fs::fd::opts fileopts
+	const fs::fd::opts fileopts
 	{
-		std::ios::out
+		.mode = std::ios::out,
+		.exclusive = true,         // error if exists
+		.dontneed = true,          // fadvise
 	};
 
-	auto _fileopts(fileopts);
-	_fileopts.exclusive = true;   // error if exists
-	_fileopts.dontneed = true;    // fadvise
 	const fs::fd file
 	{
-		filename, _fileopts
+		filename, fileopts
 	};
 
 	const unique_buffer<mutable_buffer> buf
diff --git a/matrix/homeserver_bootstrap.cc b/matrix/homeserver_bootstrap.cc
index 69bc8adc6..326e1f4d4 100644
--- a/matrix/homeserver_bootstrap.cc
+++ b/matrix/homeserver_bootstrap.cc
@@ -193,19 +193,27 @@ try
 		has(string_view(ircd::diagnostic), "valid-json")
 	};
 
-	fs::fd::opts fileopts(std::ios::in);
 	const fs::fd file
 	{
-		path, fileopts
+		path, fs::fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::in
+		},
 	};
 
-	fs::map::opts map_opts(fileopts);
-	map_opts.sequential = true;
-	map_opts.huge2mb = true;
-	map_opts.huge1gb = true;
 	const fs::map map
 	{
-		file, map_opts
+		file, fs::map::opts
+		{
+			fs::fd::opts
+			{
+				.mode = std::ios::in,
+				.sequential = true,
+			},
+
+			.huge2mb = true,
+			.huge1gb = true,
+		},
 	};
 
 	// This array is backed by the mmap
@@ -330,7 +338,14 @@ try
 
 		// advise dontneed
 		if(likely(!validate_json_only))
-			ebytes[0] += evict(map, incore, ebytes[0]);
+		{
+			const fs::opts opts
+			{
+				.offset = off_t(ebytes[0]),
+			};
+
+			ebytes[0] += evict(map, incore, opts);
+		}
 
 		if(count % (batch_max * 256) != 0)
 			continue;
diff --git a/matrix/rooms.cc b/matrix/rooms.cc
index b41bfc104..f5de7fcdb 100644
--- a/matrix/rooms.cc
+++ b/matrix/rooms.cc
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ ircd::m::rooms::dump__file(const opts &opts,
 {
 	const fs::fd file
 	{
-		filename, std::ios::out | std::ios::app
+		filename, fs::fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::out | std::ios::app,
+		},
 	};
 
 	// POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED
diff --git a/modules/console.cc b/modules/console.cc
index b3186d85f..199ecd8ff 100644
--- a/modules/console.cc
+++ b/modules/console.cc
@@ -1093,9 +1093,12 @@ console_cmd__proc(opt &out, const string_view &line)
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	fs::fd fd
+	const fs::fd fd
 	{
-		path, std::ios::in
+		path, fs::fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::in,
+		},
 	};
 
 	fs::read_opts opts;
@@ -1124,7 +1127,10 @@ console_cmd__proc__smaps(opt &out, const string_view &line)
 {
 	fs::fd fd
 	{
-		"/proc/self/smaps", std::ios::in //TODO: XXX windows
+		"/proc/self/smaps", fs::fd::opts
+		{
+			.mode = std::ios::in,
+		},
 	};
 
 	fs::read_opts opts;
@@ -8763,16 +8769,22 @@ console_cmd__eval__file(opt &out, const string_view &line)
 		param.at<size_t>("limit", -1UL)
 	};
 
-	fs::fd::opts file_opts(std::ios::in);
-	const fs::fd file
+	const fs::fd::opts opts
 	{
-		path, file_opts
+		.mode = std::ios::in,
+	};
+
+	const fs::fd file
+	{
+		path, opts
 	};
 
-	fs::map::opts map_opts(file_opts);
 	const fs::map map
 	{
-		file, map_opts
+		file, fs::map::opts
+		{
+			opts
+		},
 	};
 
 	// This array is backed by the mmap