diff --git a/include/ircd/m/append.h b/include/ircd/m/append.h
index 51df391eb..891560e5c 100644
--- a/include/ircd/m/append.h
+++ b/include/ircd/m/append.h
@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@ namespace ircd::m
 		bool query_txnid {true};
 	};
 
-	void append(json::stack::object &, const event &, const event_append_opts & = {});
-	void append(json::stack::array &, const event &, const event_append_opts & = {});
+	bool append(json::stack::object &, const event &, const event_append_opts & = {});
+	bool append(json::stack::array &, const event &, const event_append_opts & = {});
 }
diff --git a/ircd/m_event.cc b/ircd/m_event.cc
index d683a4764..01c8d3e37 100644
--- a/ircd/m_event.cc
+++ b/ircd/m_event.cc
@@ -356,10 +356,10 @@ ircd::m::pretty_oneline(std::ostream &s,
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
-// event/append.h
+// m/append.h
 //
 
-void
+bool
 ircd::m::append(json::stack::array &array,
                 const event &event_,
                 const event_append_opts &opts)
@@ -369,10 +369,10 @@ ircd::m::append(json::stack::array &array,
 		array
 	};
 
-	append(object, event_, opts);
+	return append(object, event_, opts);
 }
 
-void
+bool
 ircd::m::append(json::stack::object &object,
                 const event &event,
                 const event_append_opts &opts)
@@ -415,19 +415,7 @@ ircd::m::append(json::stack::object &object,
 		};
 	#endif
 
-	if(opts.user_id && !visible(event, *opts.user_id))
-	{
-		log::debug
-		{
-			log, "Not sending event '%s' because not visible by '%s'",
-			string_view{event.event_id},
-			string_view{*opts.user_id}
-		};
-
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if(!json::get<"state_key"_>(event) && has_event_idx && m::redacted(*opts.event_idx))
+	if(has_event_idx && !defined(json::get<"state_key"_>(event)) && m::redacted(*opts.event_idx))
 	{
 		log::debug
 		{
@@ -435,7 +423,7 @@ ircd::m::append(json::stack::object &object,
 			string_view{event.event_id},
 		};
 
-		return;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	if(!json::get<"state_key"_>(event) && has_user)
@@ -451,7 +439,7 @@ ircd::m::append(json::stack::object &object,
 				string_view{*opts.user_id}
 			};
 
-			return;
+			return false;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -528,6 +516,8 @@ ircd::m::append(json::stack::object &object,
 				unsigned_, "transaction_id", unquote(content.get("transaction_id"))
 			};
 		});
+
+	return true;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/modules/client/events.cc b/modules/client/events.cc
index 795cb507a..6355eb4c5 100644
--- a/modules/client/events.cc
+++ b/modules/client/events.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ IRCD_MODULE
 	"Client 14.17.1.1 :Room Previews"
 };
 
-static void
+static bool
 append_event(json::stack::array &out,
              const m::event &event,
              const m::event::idx &event_idx,
@@ -336,8 +336,7 @@ get_events_from(client &client,
 		if(!visible(it.event_id(), request.user_id))
 			continue;
 
-		append_event(chunk, *it, it.event_idx(), room_depth, user_room);
-		++j;
+		j += append_event(chunk, *it, it.event_idx(), room_depth, user_room);
 	}
 
 	if(!j)
@@ -352,7 +351,7 @@ get_events_from(client &client,
 	return j;
 }
 
-void
+bool
 append_event(json::stack::array &out,
              const m::event &event,
              const m::event::idx &event_idx,
@@ -364,5 +363,5 @@ append_event(json::stack::array &out,
 	opts.room_depth = &room_depth;
 	opts.user_room = &user_room;
 	opts.user_id = &user_room.user.user_id;
-	m::append(out, event, opts);
+	return m::append(out, event, opts);
 }
diff --git a/modules/client/rooms/context.cc b/modules/client/rooms/context.cc
index 26f55863b..d7421cc15 100644
--- a/modules/client/rooms/context.cc
+++ b/modules/client/rooms/context.cc
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ context_log
 	"matrix.context"
 };
 
-static void
+static bool
 _append(json::stack::array &,
         const m::event &,
         const m::event::idx &,
@@ -193,8 +193,7 @@ get__context(client &client,
 			if(!visible(event, request.user_id))
 				continue;
 
-			_append(array, event, before.event_idx(), user_room, room_depth);
-			++counts.before;
+			counts.before += _append(array, event, before.event_idx(), user_room, room_depth);
 		}
 
 		if(before && limit > 0)
@@ -234,8 +233,7 @@ get__context(client &client,
 			if(!visible(event, request.user_id))
 				continue;
 
-			_append(array, event, after.event_idx(), user_room, room_depth);
-			++counts.after;
+			counts.after += _append(array, event, after.event_idx(), user_room, room_depth);
 		}
 
 		if(after && limit > 0)
@@ -293,8 +291,7 @@ get__context(client &client,
 			if(!visible(event, request.user_id))
 				return true;
 
-			_append(array, event, event_idx, user_room, room_depth, false);
-			++counts.state;
+			counts.state += _append(array, event, event_idx, user_room, room_depth, false);
 			return true;
 		});
 	}
@@ -315,7 +312,7 @@ get__context(client &client,
 	return std::move(response);
 }
 
-void
+bool
 _append(json::stack::array &chunk,
         const m::event &event,
         const m::event::idx &event_idx,
@@ -328,5 +325,5 @@ _append(json::stack::array &chunk,
 	opts.user_id = &user_room.user.user_id;
 	opts.user_room = &user_room;
 	opts.room_depth = &room_depth;
-	m::append(chunk, event, opts);
+	return m::append(chunk, event, opts);
 }
diff --git a/modules/client/rooms/messages.cc b/modules/client/rooms/messages.cc
index 7155ac491..6d364bd16 100644
--- a/modules/client/rooms/messages.cc
+++ b/modules/client/rooms/messages.cc
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ struct pagination_tokens
 	pagination_tokens(const resource::request &);
 };
 
-static void
+static bool
 _append(json::stack::array &chunk,
         const m::event &,
         const m::event::idx &,
@@ -168,8 +168,10 @@ get__messages(client &client,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		_append(chunk, event, it.event_idx(), user_room, room_depth);
-		++hit;
+		if(_append(chunk, event, it.event_idx(), user_room, room_depth))
+			++hit;
+		else
+			++miss;
 	}
 	chunk.~array();
 
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ get__messages(client &client,
 	return {};
 }
 
-void
+bool
 _append(json::stack::array &chunk,
         const m::event &event,
         const m::event::idx &event_idx,
@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@ _append(json::stack::array &chunk,
 	opts.user_id = &user_room.user.user_id;
 	opts.user_room = &user_room;
 	opts.room_depth = &room_depth;
-	m::append(chunk, event, opts);
+	return m::append(chunk, event, opts);
 }
 
 // Client-Server 6.3.6 query parameters
diff --git a/modules/client/sync/rooms/state.cc b/modules/client/sync/rooms/state.cc
index f6a07788b..f948c585f 100644
--- a/modules/client/sync/rooms/state.cc
+++ b/modules/client/sync/rooms/state.cc
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace ircd::m::sync
 {
-	static void room_state_append(data &, json::stack::array &, const m::event &, const m::event::idx &);
+	static bool room_state_append(data &, json::stack::array &, const m::event &, const m::event::idx &);
 
 	static bool room_state_phased_member_events(data &, json::stack::array &);
 	static bool room_state_phased_events(data &);
@@ -253,8 +253,7 @@ ircd::m::sync::room_state_polylog_events(data &data)
 			}
 
 			const std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-			room_state_append(data, array, event, event_idx);
-			ret |= true;
+			ret |= room_state_append(data, array, event, event_idx);
 		}
 	};
 
@@ -296,10 +295,9 @@ ircd::m::sync::room_state_phased_events(data &data)
 	{
 		[&data, &array, &ret, &mutex](const m::event &event)
 		{
-			ret |= true;
 			const auto event_idx(m::index(event));
 			const std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-			room_state_append(data, array, event, event_idx);
+			ret |= room_state_append(data, array, event, event_idx);
 		}
 	};
 
@@ -362,7 +360,7 @@ ircd::m::sync::room_state_phased_member_events(data &data,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void
+bool
 ircd::m::sync::room_state_append(data &data,
                                  json::stack::array &events,
                                  const m::event &event,
@@ -374,5 +372,5 @@ ircd::m::sync::room_state_append(data &data,
 	opts.user_room = &data.user_room;
 	opts.query_txnid = false;
 	opts.room_depth = &data.room_depth;
-	m::append(events, event, opts);
+	return m::append(events, event, opts);
 }
diff --git a/modules/client/sync/rooms/timeline.cc b/modules/client/sync/rooms/timeline.cc
index 4c8622ff9..69e8e9369 100644
--- a/modules/client/sync/rooms/timeline.cc
+++ b/modules/client/sync/rooms/timeline.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ IRCD_MODULE
 
 namespace ircd::m::sync
 {
-	static void _room_timeline_append(data &, json::stack::array &, const m::event::idx &, const m::event &);
+	static bool _room_timeline_append(data &, json::stack::array &, const m::event::idx &, const m::event &);
 	static event::id::buf _room_timeline_polylog_events(data &, const m::room &, bool &, bool &);
 	static bool room_timeline_polylog(data &);
 
@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ ircd::m::sync::room_timeline_linear(data &data)
 		*data.out, "events"
 	};
 
-	_room_timeline_append(data, array, data.event_idx, *data.event);
-	return true;
+	return _room_timeline_append(data, array, data.event_idx, *data.event);
 }
 
 bool
@@ -205,8 +204,7 @@ ircd::m::sync::_room_timeline_linear_command(data &data)
 		data.event, &event
 	};
 
-	_room_timeline_append(data, array, data.event_idx, event);
-	return true;
+	return _room_timeline_append(data, array, data.event_idx, event);
 }
 
 bool
@@ -295,14 +293,13 @@ ircd::m::sync::_room_timeline_polylog_events(data &data,
 		{
 			const m::event &event(*it);
 			const m::event::idx &event_idx(it.event_idx());
-			_room_timeline_append(data, array, event_idx, event);
-			ret = true;
+			ret |= _room_timeline_append(data, array, event_idx, event);
 		}
 
 	return event_id;
 }
 
-void
+bool
 ircd::m::sync::_room_timeline_append(data &data,
                                      json::stack::array &events,
                                      const m::event::idx &event_idx,
@@ -314,5 +311,5 @@ ircd::m::sync::_room_timeline_append(data &data,
 	opts.user_id = &data.user.user_id;
 	opts.user_room = &data.user_room;
 	opts.room_depth = &data.room_depth;
-	m::append(events, event, opts);
+	return m::append(events, event, opts);
 }