construct/include/ircd/lex_cast.h

/*
 *  charybdis: an advanced ircd.
 *  inline/stringops.h: inlined string operations used in a few places
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2005-2016 Charybdis Development Team
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307
 *  USA
 */

#pragma once
#define HAVE_IRCD_LEX_CAST_H

//
// Lexical conversions
//
namespace ircd
{
	IRCD_EXCEPTION_HIDENAME(ircd::error, bad_lex_cast)

	template<class T> bool try_lex_cast(const string_view &);

	template<class T> T lex_cast(std::string &);
	template<class T> T lex_cast(const std::string &);
	template<class T> T lex_cast(const std::string_view &);
	template<class T> T lex_cast(const string_view &);

	// User supplied destination buffer
	template<class T> string_view lex_cast(T, const mutable_buffer &buf);

	// Circular static thread_local buffer
	const size_t LEX_CAST_BUFS {256}; // plenty
	template<class T> string_view lex_cast(const T &t);

	// Binary <-> Hex conversion suite
	string_view u2a(const mutable_buffer &out, const const_raw_buffer &in);
	const_raw_buffer a2u(const mutable_raw_buffer &out, const const_buffer &in);

	// Binary -> Base64 conversion suite
	string_view b64encode(const mutable_buffer &out, const const_raw_buffer &in);
	std::string b64encode(const const_raw_buffer &in);

	// Binary -> Base64 conversion without padding
	string_view b64encode_unpadded(const mutable_buffer &out, const const_raw_buffer &in);
	std::string b64encode_unpadded(const const_raw_buffer &in);

	// Base64 -> Binary conversion (padded or unpadded)
	const_raw_buffer b64decode(const mutable_raw_buffer &out, const string_view &in);
	std::string b64decode(const string_view &in);
}

namespace ircd
{
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<std::string>(const string_view &);       // stub always true
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<std::string_view>(const string_view &);  // stub always true
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<string_view>(const string_view &);       // stub always true
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<long double>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<double>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<ulong>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<long>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<uint>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<int>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<ushort>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<short>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<uint8_t>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<int8_t>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<bool>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<seconds>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<milliseconds>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<microseconds>(const string_view &);
	template<> bool try_lex_cast<nanoseconds>(const string_view &);

	template<> std::string &lex_cast(std::string &);                          // trivial
	template<> std::string lex_cast(const std::string &);                     // trivial
	template<> std::string_view lex_cast(const std::string_view &);           // trivial
	template<> std::string lex_cast(const string_view &);                     // trivial
	template<> long double lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> double lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> ulong lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> long lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> uint lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> int lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> ushort lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> short lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> uint8_t lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> int8_t lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> bool lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> seconds lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> milliseconds lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> microseconds lex_cast(const string_view &);
	template<> nanoseconds lex_cast(const string_view &);

	template<> string_view lex_cast(const std::string &, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(const std::string_view &, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(const string_view &, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(seconds, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(milliseconds, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(microseconds, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(nanoseconds, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(long double, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(double, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(ulong, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(long, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(uint, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(int, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(ushort, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(short, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(uint8_t, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(int8_t, const mutable_buffer &buf);
	template<> string_view lex_cast(bool, const mutable_buffer &buf);
}

/// Convert a native number to a string. The returned value is a view of the
/// string in a static ring buffer. There are LEX_CAST_BUFS number of buffers
/// so you should not hold on to the returned view for very long.
template<class T>
ircd::string_view
ircd::lex_cast(const T &t)
{
	return lex_cast<T>(t, null_buffer);
}

/// Conversion to an std::string creates a copy when the input is a
/// string_view. Note this is not considered an "unnecessary lexical cast"
/// even though nothing is being converted, so there will be no warning.
template<>
inline std::string
ircd::lex_cast<std::string>(const string_view &s)
{
	return std::string{s};
}

/// Template basis for a string_view input
template<class T>
T
ircd::lex_cast(const string_view &s)
{
	return s;
}

/// Specialization of a string_view to string_view conversion which is just
/// a trivial copy of the view.
template<>
inline std::string_view
ircd::lex_cast<std::string_view>(const std::string_view &s)
{
	return s;
}

/// Specialization of a string to string conversion which generates a warning
/// because the conversion has to copy the string while no numerical conversion
/// has taken place. The developer should remove the offending lex_cast.
template<>
__attribute__((warning("unnecessary lexical cast")))
inline std::string
ircd::lex_cast<std::string>(const std::string &s)
{
	return s;
}

/// Template basis for a const std::string input
template<class T>
T
ircd::lex_cast(const std::string &s)
{
	return lex_cast<T>(string_view{s});
}

/// Template basis for an lvalue string. If we can get this binding rather
/// than the const std::string alternative some trivial conversions are
/// easier to make in the specializations.
template<class T>
T
ircd::lex_cast(std::string &s)
{
	return lex_cast<T>(string_view{s});
}

/// Specialization of a string to string conversion without a warning because
/// we can trivially pass through a reference from input to output.
template<>
inline std::string &
ircd::lex_cast(std::string &s)
{
	return s;
}

/// Specialization of a string to string conversion to user's buffer;
/// marked as unnecessary because no numerical conversion takes place yet
/// data is still copied. (note: warning may be removed; may be intentional)
template<>
__attribute__((warning("unnecessary lexical cast")))
inline ircd::string_view
ircd::lex_cast(const string_view &s,
               const mutable_buffer &buf)
{
	s.copy(data(buf), size(buf));
	return { data(buf), s.size() };
}

/// Specialization of a string to string conversion to user's buffer;
/// marked as unnecessary because no numerical conversion takes place yet
/// data is still copied. (note: warning may be removed; may be intentional)
template<>
__attribute__((warning("unnecessary lexical cast")))
inline ircd::string_view
ircd::lex_cast(const std::string_view &s,
               const mutable_buffer &buf)
{
	s.copy(data(buf), size(buf));
	return { data(buf), s.size() };
}

/// Specialization of a string to string conversion to user's buffer;
/// marked as unnecessary because no numerical conversion takes place yet
/// data is still copied. (note: warning may be removed; may be intentional)
template<>
__attribute__((warning("unnecessary lexical cast")))
inline ircd::string_view
ircd::lex_cast(const std::string &s,
               const mutable_buffer &buf)
{
	s.copy(data(buf), size(buf));
	return { data(buf), s.size() };
}

/// Template basis; if no specialization is matched there is no fallback here
template<class T>
__attribute__((error("unsupported lexical cast")))
ircd::string_view
ircd::lex_cast(T t,
               const mutable_buffer &buf)
{
	assert(0);
	return {};
}

/// Template basis; if no specialization is matched there is no fallback here
template<class T>
__attribute__((error("unsupported lexical cast")))
bool
ircd::try_lex_cast(const string_view &s)
{
	assert(0);
	return false;
}

/// Trivial conversion; always returns true
template<>
inline bool
ircd::try_lex_cast<ircd::string_view>(const string_view &)
{
	return true;
}

/// Trivial conversion; always returns true
template<>
inline bool
ircd::try_lex_cast<std::string_view>(const string_view &)
{
	return true;
}

/// Trivial conversion; always returns true
template<>
inline bool
ircd::try_lex_cast<std::string>(const string_view &s)
{
	return true;
}