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418 lines
22 KiB
Text
GNU Free Documentation License
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Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
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Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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<http://fsf.org/>
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
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document, but changing it is not allowed.
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0. PREAMBLE
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The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional
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and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
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effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it,
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either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves
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for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
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being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
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This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
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the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
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GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
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software.
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We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software,
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because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come
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with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this
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License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual
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work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed
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book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction
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or reference.
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1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains
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a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under
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the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free
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license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated
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herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
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of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license
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if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
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copyright law.
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A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
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or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated
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into another language.
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A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
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Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
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authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters)
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and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
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(Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
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may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
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connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
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philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
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The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated,
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as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document
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is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition
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of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document
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may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any
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Invariant Sections then there are none.
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The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover
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Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released
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under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover
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Text may be at most 25 words.
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A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
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in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is
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suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors
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or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings)
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some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
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formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for
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input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
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whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
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subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
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not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
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not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without
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markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly
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available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed
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for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG,
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XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
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edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
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and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
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HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes
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only.
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The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
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following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
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requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
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any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
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appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
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text.
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The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of the
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Document to the public.
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A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title
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either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that
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translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
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name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements",
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or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
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Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
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definition.
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The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states
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that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are
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considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards
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disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers
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may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.
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2. VERBATIM COPYING
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You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
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or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
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the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced
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in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of
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this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the
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reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
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you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large
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enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
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may publicly display copies.
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3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
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If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed
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covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license
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notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,
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clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
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cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
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and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover
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must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent
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and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying
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with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of
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the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying
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in other respects.
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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
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you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
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cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
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If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
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than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
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with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network
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location from which the general network-using public has access to download
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using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the
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Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
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reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in
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quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible
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at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute
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an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition
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to the public.
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
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well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
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to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
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4. MODIFICATIONS
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You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions
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of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version
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under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of
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the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified
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Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these
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things in the Modified Version:
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A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
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that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
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there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may
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use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that
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version gives permission.
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B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
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for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with
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at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
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authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
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C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version,
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as the publisher.
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D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
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E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
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the other copyright notices.
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F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
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the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
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License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
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G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
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required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an
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unaltered copy of this License.
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I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to
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it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of
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the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled
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"History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
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publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing
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the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
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J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
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access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
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given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be
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placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
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that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
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original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
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K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
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the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and
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tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given
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therein.
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L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
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text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
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part of the section titles.
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M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included
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in the Modified Version.
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N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to
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conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
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O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
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If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
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qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document,
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you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant.
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To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
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Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
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titles.
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You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
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but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
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statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization
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as the authoritative definition of a standard.
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You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage
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of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts
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in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover
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Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If
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the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
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added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf
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of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
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permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
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permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement
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of any Modified Version.
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5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
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under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided
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that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of
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the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections
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of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
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Warranty Disclaimers.
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The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
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identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
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are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
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make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
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parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
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if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
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titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
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work.
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In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the
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various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise
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combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled
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"Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
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6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released
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under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
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various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided
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that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
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the documents in all other respects.
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You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
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individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
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into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
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regarding verbatim copying of that document.
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7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
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A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent
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documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium,
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is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is
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not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what
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the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate,
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this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are
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not themselves derivative works of the Document.
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If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
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the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate,
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the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
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within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document
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is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
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the whole aggregate.
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8. TRANSLATION
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Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations
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of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections
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with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders,
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but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
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to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation
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of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty
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Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of
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this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In
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case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of
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this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
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If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications",
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or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1)
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will typically require changing the actual title.
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9. TERMINATION
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You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
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expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
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sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your
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rights under this License.
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However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
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a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and
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until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license,
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and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation
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by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
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Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently
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if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means,
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this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License
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(for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior
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to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
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Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses
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of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License.
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If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt
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of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights
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to use it.
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10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
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The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
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Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar
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in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new
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problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
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Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
|
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Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or
|
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any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms
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and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that
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has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
|
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Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
|
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any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
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If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of
|
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this License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
|
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version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
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11. RELICENSING
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"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide
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Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent
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facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can
|
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edit is an example of such a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration"
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(or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus
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published on the MMC site.
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"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license
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published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with
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a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future
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copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization.
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"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part,
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as part of another Document.
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An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License,
|
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and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other
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than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the
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MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated
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prior to November 1, 2008.
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The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under
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CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the
|
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MMC is eligible for relicensing. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your
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documents
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To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
|
|
License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
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just after the title page:
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Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME . Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
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modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
|
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Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections , no Front-Cover Texts , and no Back-Cover Texts
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. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation
|
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License".
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If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace
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the "with...Texts." line with this:
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with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover
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Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
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If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination
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of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.
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If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
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releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license,
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such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.
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