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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does
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not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons
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Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
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Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
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By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to
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be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
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4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public
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License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights
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in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the
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Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor
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Section 1 – Definitions.
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a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights
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that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the
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Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise
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Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms
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rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.
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k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that
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l. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting
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March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded,
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a. License grant.
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1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor
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hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive,
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irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material
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to:
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A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and
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B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
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2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions
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and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and
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You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.
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3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).
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4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes
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You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known
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or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do
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so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority
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to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the
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Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply
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making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted
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5. Downstream recipients.
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A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed
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Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
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B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient
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of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor
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to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions
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of the Adapter’s License You apply.
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C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional
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or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
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Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed
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Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.
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6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed
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as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed
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Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status
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by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in
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Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
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b. Other rights.
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1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this
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Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality
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rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees
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not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary
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to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
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2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.
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3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties
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to collect such royalties.
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Section 3 – License Conditions.
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Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following
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conditions.
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a. Attribution.
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1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:
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A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed
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Material:
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i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others
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designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the
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Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
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ii. a copyright notice;
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iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
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iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
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v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;
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B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication
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of any previous modifications; and
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C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and
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include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.
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2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner
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based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material.
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For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a
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URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.
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3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required
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by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.
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b. ShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share
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Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
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1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with
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the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.
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2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's
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License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner
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based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.
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3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions
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on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that
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restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
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Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.
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Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
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Your use of the Licensed Material:
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a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract,
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reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of
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the database;
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b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in
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a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database
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in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents)
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is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
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c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or
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a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
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For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace
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Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include
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other Copyright and Similar Rights.
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Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
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a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible,
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the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes
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no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material,
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whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation,
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warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement,
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absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of
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errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties
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are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
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b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You
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on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise
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for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary,
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or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License
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or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of
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the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation
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of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply
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to You.
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c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above
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shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely
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approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.
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Section 6 – Term and Termination.
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a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights
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licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then
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Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.
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b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section
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6(a), it reinstates:
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1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured
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within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
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2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
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c. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right
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the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public
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License.
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d. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material
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under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material
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at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.
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e. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.
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Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.
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a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or
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conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
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b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed
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Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms
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and conditions of this Public License.
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Section 8 – Interpretation.
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a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not
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be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use
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of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under
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this Public License.
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b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed
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unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary
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to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed
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terms and conditions.
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c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure
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to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
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d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation
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upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor
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or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
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Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative
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Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes
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Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
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