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INI [](https://travis-ci.org/go-ini/ini) [](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/go-ini/ini?badge)
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===
Package ini provides INI file read and write functionality in Go.
[简体中文 ](README_ZH.md )
## Feature
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- Load multiple data sources(`[]byte`, file and `io.ReadCloser` ) with overwrites.
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- Read with recursion values.
- Read with parent-child sections.
- Read with auto-increment key names.
- Read with multiple-line values.
- Read with tons of helper methods.
- Read and convert values to Go types.
- Read and **WRITE** comments of sections and keys.
- Manipulate sections, keys and comments with ease.
- Keep sections and keys in order as you parse and save.
## Installation
To use a tagged revision:
go get gopkg.in/ini.v1
To use with latest changes:
go get github.com/go-ini/ini
Please add `-u` flag to update in the future.
### Testing
If you want to test on your machine, please apply `-t` flag:
go get -t gopkg.in/ini.v1
Please add `-u` flag to update in the future.
## Getting Started
### Loading from data sources
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A **Data Source** is either raw data in type `[]byte` , a file name with type `string` or `io.ReadCloser` . You can load **as many data sources as you want** . Passing other types will simply return an error.
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```go
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cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte("raw data"), "filename", ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader([]byte("some other data"))))
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```
Or start with an empty object:
```go
cfg := ini.Empty()
```
When you cannot decide how many data sources to load at the beginning, you will still be able to **Append()** them later.
```go
err := cfg.Append("other file", []byte("other raw data"))
```
If you have a list of files with possibilities that some of them may not available at the time, and you don't know exactly which ones, you can use `LooseLoad` to ignore nonexistent files without returning error.
```go
cfg, err := ini.LooseLoad("filename", "filename_404")
```
The cool thing is, whenever the file is available to load while you're calling `Reload` method, it will be counted as usual.
#### Ignore cases of key name
When you do not care about cases of section and key names, you can use `InsensitiveLoad` to force all names to be lowercased while parsing.
```go
cfg, err := ini.InsensitiveLoad("filename")
//...
// sec1 and sec2 are the exactly same section object
sec1, err := cfg.GetSection("Section")
sec2, err := cfg.GetSection("SecTIOn")
// key1 and key2 are the exactly same key object
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key1, err := sec1.GetKey("Key")
key2, err := sec2.GetKey("KeY")
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```
#### MySQL-like boolean key
MySQL's configuration allows a key without value as follows:
```ini
[mysqld]
...
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
```
By default, this is considered as missing value. But if you know you're going to deal with those cases, you can assign advanced load options:
```go
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cfg, err := ini.LoadSources(ini.LoadOptions{AllowBooleanKeys: true}, "my.cnf"))
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```
The value of those keys are always `true` , and when you save to a file, it will keep in the same foramt as you read.
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To generate such keys in your program, you could use `NewBooleanKey` :
```go
key, err := sec.NewBooleanKey("skip-host-cache")
```
#### Comment
Take care that following format will be treated as comment:
1. Line begins with `#` or `;`
2. Words after `#` or `;`
3. Words after section name (i.e words after `[some section name]` )
If you want to save a value with `#` or `;` , please quote them with ``` ` ` `` or ``` """ ```.
Alternatively, you can use following `LoadOptions` to completely ignore inline comments:
```go
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cfg, err := ini.LoadSources(ini.LoadOptions{IgnoreInlineComment: true}, "app.ini"))
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```
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### Working with sections
To get a section, you would need to:
```go
section, err := cfg.GetSection("section name")
```
For a shortcut for default section, just give an empty string as name:
```go
section, err := cfg.GetSection("")
```
When you're pretty sure the section exists, following code could make your life easier:
```go
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section := cfg.Section("section name")
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```
What happens when the section somehow does not exist? Don't panic, it automatically creates and returns a new section to you.
To create a new section:
```go
err := cfg.NewSection("new section")
```
To get a list of sections or section names:
```go
sections := cfg.Sections()
names := cfg.SectionStrings()
```
### Working with keys
To get a key under a section:
```go
key, err := cfg.Section("").GetKey("key name")
```
Same rule applies to key operations:
```go
key := cfg.Section("").Key("key name")
```
To check if a key exists:
```go
yes := cfg.Section("").HasKey("key name")
```
To create a new key:
```go
err := cfg.Section("").NewKey("name", "value")
```
To get a list of keys or key names:
```go
keys := cfg.Section("").Keys()
names := cfg.Section("").KeyStrings()
```
To get a clone hash of keys and corresponding values:
```go
hash := cfg.Section("").KeysHash()
```
### Working with values
To get a string value:
```go
val := cfg.Section("").Key("key name").String()
```
To validate key value on the fly:
```go
val := cfg.Section("").Key("key name").Validate(func(in string) string {
if len(in) == 0 {
return "default"
}
return in
})
```
If you do not want any auto-transformation (such as recursive read) for the values, you can get raw value directly (this way you get much better performance):
```go
val := cfg.Section("").Key("key name").Value()
```
To check if raw value exists:
```go
yes := cfg.Section("").HasValue("test value")
```
To get value with types:
```go
// For boolean values:
// true when value is: 1, t, T, TRUE, true, True, YES, yes, Yes, y, ON, on, On
// false when value is: 0, f, F, FALSE, false, False, NO, no, No, n, OFF, off, Off
v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("BOOL").Bool()
v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").Float64()
v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").Int()
v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").Int64()
v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").Uint()
v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").Uint64()
v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").TimeFormat(time.RFC3339)
v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").Time() // RFC3339
v = cfg.Section("").Key("BOOL").MustBool()
v = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").MustFloat64()
v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").MustInt()
v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").MustInt64()
v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").MustUint()
v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").MustUint64()
v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").MustTimeFormat(time.RFC3339)
v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").MustTime() // RFC3339
// Methods start with Must also accept one argument for default value
// when key not found or fail to parse value to given type.
// Except method MustString, which you have to pass a default value.
v = cfg.Section("").Key("String").MustString("default")
v = cfg.Section("").Key("BOOL").MustBool(true)
v = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").MustFloat64(1.25)
v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").MustInt(10)
v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").MustInt64(99)
v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").MustUint(3)
v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").MustUint64(6)
v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").MustTimeFormat(time.RFC3339, time.Now())
v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").MustTime(time.Now()) // RFC3339
```
What if my value is three-line long?
```ini
[advance]
ADDRESS = """404 road,
NotFound, State, 5000
Earth"""
```
Not a problem!
```go
cfg.Section("advance").Key("ADDRESS").String()
/* --- start ---
404 road,
NotFound, State, 5000
Earth
------ end --- */
```
That's cool, how about continuation lines?
```ini
[advance]
two_lines = how about \
continuation lines?
lots_of_lines = 1 \
2 \
3 \
4
```
Piece of cake!
```go
cfg.Section("advance").Key("two_lines").String() // how about continuation lines?
cfg.Section("advance").Key("lots_of_lines").String() // 1 2 3 4
```
Well, I hate continuation lines, how do I disable that?
```go
cfg, err := ini.LoadSources(ini.LoadOptions{
IgnoreContinuation: true,
}, "filename")
```
Holy crap!
Note that single quotes around values will be stripped:
```ini
foo = "some value" // foo: some value
bar = 'some value' // bar: some value
```
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Sometimes you downloaded file from [Crowdin ](https://crowdin.com/ ) has values like the following (value is surrounded by double quotes and quotes in the value are escaped):
```ini
create_repo="created repository < a href = \"%s \"> %s</ a > "
```
How do you transform this to regular format automatically?
```go
cfg, err := ini.LoadSources(ini.LoadOptions{UnescapeValueDoubleQuotes: true}, "en-US.ini"))
cfg.Section("< name of your section > ").Key("create_repo").String()
// You got: created repository < a href = "%s" > %s< / a >
```
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That's all? Hmm, no.
#### Helper methods of working with values
To get value with given candidates:
```go
v = cfg.Section("").Key("STRING").In("default", []string{"str", "arr", "types"})
v = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").InFloat64(1.1, []float64{1.25, 2.5, 3.75})
v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").InInt(5, []int{10, 20, 30})
v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").InInt64(10, []int64{10, 20, 30})
v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").InUint(4, []int{3, 6, 9})
v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").InUint64(8, []int64{3, 6, 9})
v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").InTimeFormat(time.RFC3339, time.Now(), []time.Time{time1, time2, time3})
v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").InTime(time.Now(), []time.Time{time1, time2, time3}) // RFC3339
```
Default value will be presented if value of key is not in candidates you given, and default value does not need be one of candidates.
To validate value in a given range:
```go
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").RangeFloat64(0.0, 1.1, 2.2)
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").RangeInt(0, 10, 20)
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").RangeInt64(0, 10, 20)
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").RangeUint(0, 3, 9)
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").RangeUint64(0, 3, 9)
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").RangeTimeFormat(time.RFC3339, time.Now(), minTime, maxTime)
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").RangeTime(time.Now(), minTime, maxTime) // RFC3339
```
##### Auto-split values into a slice
To use zero value of type for invalid inputs:
```go
// Input: 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4 -> [1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4]
// Input: how, 2.2, are, you -> [0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0]
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("STRINGS").Strings(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64S").Float64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INTS").Ints(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64S").Int64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINTS").Uints(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64S").Uint64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("TIMES").Times(",")
```
To exclude invalid values out of result slice:
```go
// Input: 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4 -> [1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4]
// Input: how, 2.2, are, you -> [2.2]
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64S").ValidFloat64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INTS").ValidInts(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64S").ValidInt64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINTS").ValidUints(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64S").ValidUint64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("TIMES").ValidTimes(",")
```
Or to return nothing but error when have invalid inputs:
```go
// Input: 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4 -> [1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4]
// Input: how, 2.2, are, you -> error
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64S").StrictFloat64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INTS").StrictInts(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64S").StrictInt64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINTS").StrictUints(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64S").StrictUint64s(",")
vals = cfg.Section("").Key("TIMES").StrictTimes(",")
```
### Save your configuration
Finally, it's time to save your configuration to somewhere.
A typical way to save configuration is writing it to a file:
```go
// ...
err = cfg.SaveTo("my.ini")
err = cfg.SaveToIndent("my.ini", "\t")
```
Another way to save is writing to a `io.Writer` interface:
```go
// ...
cfg.WriteTo(writer)
cfg.WriteToIndent(writer, "\t")
```
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By default, spaces are used to align "=" sign between key and values, to disable that:
```go
ini.PrettyFormat = false
```
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## Advanced Usage
### Recursive Values
For all value of keys, there is a special syntax `%(<name>)s` , where `<name>` is the key name in same section or default section, and `%(<name>)s` will be replaced by corresponding value(empty string if key not found). You can use this syntax at most 99 level of recursions.
```ini
NAME = ini
[author]
NAME = Unknwon
GITHUB = https://github.com/%(NAME)s
[package]
FULL_NAME = github.com/go-ini/%(NAME)s
```
```go
cfg.Section("author").Key("GITHUB").String() // https://github.com/Unknwon
cfg.Section("package").Key("FULL_NAME").String() // github.com/go-ini/ini
```
### Parent-child Sections
You can use `.` in section name to indicate parent-child relationship between two or more sections. If the key not found in the child section, library will try again on its parent section until there is no parent section.
```ini
NAME = ini
VERSION = v1
IMPORT_PATH = gopkg.in/%(NAME)s.%(VERSION)s
[package]
CLONE_URL = https://%(IMPORT_PATH)s
[package.sub]
```
```go
cfg.Section("package.sub").Key("CLONE_URL").String() // https://gopkg.in/ini.v1
```
#### Retrieve parent keys available to a child section
```go
cfg.Section("package.sub").ParentKeys() // ["CLONE_URL"]
```
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### Unparseable Sections
Sometimes, you have sections that do not contain key-value pairs but raw content, to handle such case, you can use `LoadOptions.UnparsableSections` :
```go
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cfg, err := ini.LoadSources(ini.LoadOptions{UnparseableSections: []string{"COMMENTS"}}, `[COMMENTS]
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< 1 > < L.Slide # 2 > This slide has the fuel listed in the wrong units < e.1 > `))
body := cfg.Section("COMMENTS").Body()
/* --- start ---
< 1 > < L.Slide # 2 > This slide has the fuel listed in the wrong units < e.1 >
------ end --- */
```
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### Auto-increment Key Names
If key name is `-` in data source, then it would be seen as special syntax for auto-increment key name start from 1, and every section is independent on counter.
```ini
[features]
-: Support read/write comments of keys and sections
-: Support auto-increment of key names
-: Support load multiple files to overwrite key values
```
```go
cfg.Section("features").KeyStrings() // []{"#1", "#2", "#3"}
```
### Map To Struct
Want more objective way to play with INI? Cool.
```ini
Name = Unknwon
age = 21
Male = true
Born = 1993-01-01T20:17:05Z
[Note]
Content = Hi is a good man!
Cities = HangZhou, Boston
```
```go
type Note struct {
Content string
Cities []string
}
type Person struct {
Name string
Age int `ini:"age"`
Male bool
Born time.Time
Note
Created time.Time `ini:"-"`
}
func main() {
cfg, err := ini.Load("path/to/ini")
// ...
p := new(Person)
err = cfg.MapTo(p)
// ...
// Things can be simpler.
err = ini.MapTo(p, "path/to/ini")
// ...
// Just map a section? Fine.
n := new(Note)
err = cfg.Section("Note").MapTo(n)
// ...
}
```
Can I have default value for field? Absolutely.
Assign it before you map to struct. It will keep the value as it is if the key is not presented or got wrong type.
```go
// ...
p := & Person{
Name: "Joe",
}
// ...
```
It's really cool, but what's the point if you can't give me my file back from struct?
### Reflect From Struct
Why not?
```go
type Embeded struct {
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Dates []time.Time `delim:"|" comment:"Time data"`
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Places []string `ini:"places,omitempty"`
None []int `ini:",omitempty"`
}
type Author struct {
Name string `ini:"NAME"`
Male bool
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Age int `comment:"Author's age"`
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GPA float64
NeverMind string `ini:"-"`
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*Embeded `comment:"Embeded section"`
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}
func main() {
a := & Author{"Unknwon", true, 21, 2.8, "",
& Embeded{
[]time.Time{time.Now(), time.Now()},
[]string{"HangZhou", "Boston"},
[]int{},
}}
cfg := ini.Empty()
err = ini.ReflectFrom(cfg, a)
// ...
}
```
So, what do I get?
```ini
NAME = Unknwon
Male = true
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; Author's age
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Age = 21
GPA = 2.8
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; Embeded section
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[Embeded]
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; Time data
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Dates = 2015-08-07T22:14:22+08:00|2015-08-07T22:14:22+08:00
places = HangZhou,Boston
```
#### Name Mapper
To save your time and make your code cleaner, this library supports [`NameMapper` ](https://gowalker.org/gopkg.in/ini.v1#NameMapper ) between struct field and actual section and key name.
There are 2 built-in name mappers:
- `AllCapsUnderscore` : it converts to format `ALL_CAPS_UNDERSCORE` then match section or key.
- `TitleUnderscore` : it converts to format `title_underscore` then match section or key.
To use them:
```go
type Info struct {
PackageName string
}
func main() {
err = ini.MapToWithMapper(& Info{}, ini.TitleUnderscore, []byte("package_name=ini"))
// ...
cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte("PACKAGE_NAME=ini"))
// ...
info := new(Info)
cfg.NameMapper = ini.AllCapsUnderscore
err = cfg.MapTo(info)
// ...
}
```
Same rules of name mapper apply to `ini.ReflectFromWithMapper` function.
#### Value Mapper
To expand values (e.g. from environment variables), you can use the `ValueMapper` to transform values:
```go
type Env struct {
Foo string `ini:"foo"`
}
func main() {
cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte("[env]\nfoo = ${MY_VAR}\n")
cfg.ValueMapper = os.ExpandEnv
// ...
env := & Env{}
err = cfg.Section("env").MapTo(env)
}
```
This would set the value of `env.Foo` to the value of the environment variable `MY_VAR` .
#### Other Notes On Map/Reflect
Any embedded struct is treated as a section by default, and there is no automatic parent-child relations in map/reflect feature:
```go
type Child struct {
Age string
}
type Parent struct {
Name string
Child
}
type Config struct {
City string
Parent
}
```
Example configuration:
```ini
City = Boston
[Parent]
Name = Unknwon
[Child]
Age = 21
```
What if, yes, I'm paranoid, I want embedded struct to be in the same section. Well, all roads lead to Rome.
```go
type Child struct {
Age string
}
type Parent struct {
Name string
Child `ini:"Parent"`
}
type Config struct {
City string
Parent
}
```
Example configuration:
```ini
City = Boston
[Parent]
Name = Unknwon
Age = 21
```
## Getting Help
- [API Documentation ](https://gowalker.org/gopkg.in/ini.v1 )
- [File An Issue ](https://github.com/go-ini/ini/issues/new )
## FAQs
### What does `BlockMode` field do?
By default, library lets you read and write values so we need a locker to make sure your data is safe. But in cases that you are very sure about only reading data through the library, you can set `cfg.BlockMode = false` to speed up read operations about **50-70%** faster.
### Why another INI library?
Many people are using my another INI library [goconfig ](https://github.com/Unknwon/goconfig ), so the reason for this one is I would like to make more Go style code. Also when you set `cfg.BlockMode = false` , this one is about **10-30%** faster.
To make those changes I have to confirm API broken, so it's safer to keep it in another place and start using `gopkg.in` to version my package at this time.(PS: shorter import path)
## License
This project is under Apache v2 License. See the [LICENSE ](LICENSE ) file for the full license text.
