nixpkgs/nixos/modules/services/databases/postgresql.nix

{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:

with lib;

let

  cfg = config.services.postgresql;

  postgresql =
    if cfg.extraPlugins == []
      then cfg.package
      else cfg.package.withPackages (_: cfg.extraPlugins);

  # The main PostgreSQL configuration file.
  configFile = pkgs.writeText "postgresql.conf"
    ''
      hba_file = '${pkgs.writeText "pg_hba.conf" cfg.authentication}'
      ident_file = '${pkgs.writeText "pg_ident.conf" cfg.identMap}'
      log_destination = 'stderr'
      log_line_prefix = '${cfg.logLinePrefix}'
      listen_addresses = '${if cfg.enableTCPIP then "*" else "localhost"}'
      port = ${toString cfg.port}
      ${cfg.extraConfig}
    ''; 

  groupAccessAvailable = versionAtLeast postgresql.version "11.0";

in

{

  ###### interface

  options = {

    services.postgresql = {

      enable = mkEnableOption "PostgreSQL Server";

      package = mkOption {
        type = types.package;
        example = literalExample "pkgs.postgresql_11";
        description = ''
          PostgreSQL package to use.
        '';
      };

      port = mkOption {
        type = types.int;
        default = 5432;
        description = ''
          The port on which PostgreSQL listens.
        '';
      };

      dataDir = mkOption {
        type = types.path;
        example = "/var/lib/postgresql/11";
        description = ''
          Data directory for PostgreSQL.
        '';
      };

      authentication = mkOption {
        type = types.lines;
        default = "";
        description = ''
          Defines how users authenticate themselves to the server. By
          default, "trust" access to local users will always be granted
          along with any other custom options. If you do not want this,
          set this option using "lib.mkForce" to override this
          behaviour.
        '';
      };

      identMap = mkOption {
        type = types.lines;
        default = "";
        description = ''
          Defines the mapping from system users to database users.

          The general form is:

          map-name system-username database-username
        '';
      };

      initdbArgs = mkOption {
        type = with types; listOf str;
        default = [];
        example = [ "--data-checksums" "--allow-group-access" ];
        description = ''
          Additional arguments passed to <literal>initdb</literal> during data dir
          initialisation.
        '';
      };

      initialScript = mkOption {
        type = types.nullOr types.path;
        default = null;
        description = ''
          A file containing SQL statements to execute on first startup.
        '';
      };

      ensureDatabases = mkOption {
        type = types.listOf types.str;
        default = [];
        description = ''
          Ensures that the specified databases exist.
          This option will never delete existing databases, especially not when the value of this
          option is changed. This means that databases created once through this option or
          otherwise have to be removed manually.
        '';
        example = [
          "gitea"
          "nextcloud"
        ];
      };

      ensureUsers = mkOption {
        type = types.listOf (types.submodule {
          options = {
            name = mkOption {
              type = types.str;
              description = ''
                Name of the user to ensure.
              '';
            };
            ensurePermissions = mkOption {
              type = types.attrsOf types.str;
              default = {};
              description = ''
                Permissions to ensure for the user, specified as an attribute set.
                The attribute names specify the database and tables to grant the permissions for.
                The attribute values specify the permissions to grant. You may specify one or
                multiple comma-separated SQL privileges here.

                For more information on how to specify the target
                and on which privileges exist, see the
                <link xlink:href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-grant.html">GRANT syntax</link>.
                The attributes are used as <code>GRANT ''${attrName} ON ''${attrValue}</code>.
              '';
              example = literalExample ''
                {
                  "DATABASE nextcloud" = "ALL PRIVILEGES";
                  "ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public" = "ALL PRIVILEGES";
                }
              '';
            };
          };
        });
        default = [];
        description = ''
          Ensures that the specified users exist and have at least the ensured permissions.
          The PostgreSQL users will be identified using peer authentication. This authenticates the Unix user with the
          same name only, and that without the need for a password.
          This option will never delete existing users or remove permissions, especially not when the value of this
          option is changed. This means that users created and permissions assigned once through this option or
          otherwise have to be removed manually.
        '';
        example = literalExample ''
          [
            {
              name = "nextcloud";
              ensurePermissions = {
                "DATABASE nextcloud" = "ALL PRIVILEGES";
              };
            }
            {
              name = "superuser";
              ensurePermissions = {
                "ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public" = "ALL PRIVILEGES";
              };
            }
          ]
        '';
      };

      enableTCPIP = mkOption {
        type = types.bool;
        default = false;
        description = ''
          Whether PostgreSQL should listen on all network interfaces.
          If disabled, the database can only be accessed via its Unix
          domain socket or via TCP connections to localhost.
        '';
      };

      logLinePrefix = mkOption {
        type = types.str;
        default = "[%p] ";
        example = "%m [%p] ";
        description = ''
          A printf-style string that is output at the beginning of each log line.
          Upstream default is <literal>'%m [%p] '</literal>, i.e. it includes the timestamp. We do
          not include the timestamp, because journal has it anyway.
        '';
      };

      extraPlugins = mkOption {
        type = types.listOf types.path;
        default = [];
        example = literalExample "with pkgs.postgresql_11.pkgs; [ postgis pg_repack ]";
        description = ''
          List of PostgreSQL plugins. PostgreSQL version for each plugin should
          match version for <literal>services.postgresql.package</literal> value.
        '';
      };

      extraConfig = mkOption {
        type = types.lines;
        default = "";
        description = "Additional text to be appended to <filename>postgresql.conf</filename>.";
      };

      recoveryConfig = mkOption {
        type = types.nullOr types.lines;
        default = null;
        description = ''
          Contents of the <filename>recovery.conf</filename> file.
        '';
      };
      superUser = mkOption {
        type = types.str;
        default= if versionAtLeast config.system.stateVersion "17.09" then "postgres" else "root";
        internal = true;
        description = ''
          NixOS traditionally used 'root' as superuser, most other distros use 'postgres'.
          From 17.09 we also try to follow this standard. Internal since changing this value
          would lead to breakage while setting up databases.
        '';
        };
    };

  };


  ###### implementation

  config = mkIf cfg.enable {

    services.postgresql.package =
      # Note: when changing the default, make it conditional on
      # ‘system.stateVersion’ to maintain compatibility with existing
      # systems!
      mkDefault (if versionAtLeast config.system.stateVersion "20.03" then pkgs.postgresql_11
            else if versionAtLeast config.system.stateVersion "17.09" then pkgs.postgresql_9_6
            else if versionAtLeast config.system.stateVersion "16.03" then pkgs.postgresql_9_5
            else throw "postgresql_9_4 was removed, please upgrade your postgresql version.");

    services.postgresql.dataDir =
      mkDefault (if versionAtLeast config.system.stateVersion "17.09"
                  then "/var/lib/postgresql/${cfg.package.psqlSchema}"
                  else "/var/db/postgresql");

    services.postgresql.authentication = mkAfter
      ''
        # Generated file; do not edit!
        local all all              peer
        host  all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
        host  all all ::1/128      md5
      '';

    users.users.postgres =
      { name = "postgres";
        uid = config.ids.uids.postgres;
        group = "postgres";
        description = "PostgreSQL server user";
        home = "${cfg.dataDir}";
        useDefaultShell = true;
      };

    users.groups.postgres.gid = config.ids.gids.postgres;

    environment.systemPackages = [ postgresql ];

    environment.pathsToLink = [
     "/share/postgresql"
    ];

    systemd.services.postgresql =
      { description = "PostgreSQL Server";

        wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
        after = [ "network.target" ];

        environment.PGDATA = cfg.dataDir;

        path = [ postgresql ];

        preStart =
          ''
            # Create data directory.
            if ! test -e ${cfg.dataDir}/PG_VERSION; then
              mkdir -m 0700 -p ${cfg.dataDir}
              rm -f ${cfg.dataDir}/*.conf
              chown -R postgres:postgres ${cfg.dataDir}
            fi
          ''; # */

        script =
          ''
            # Initialise the database.
            if ! test -e ${cfg.dataDir}/PG_VERSION; then
              initdb -U ${cfg.superUser} ${concatStringsSep " " cfg.initdbArgs}
              # See postStart!
              touch "${cfg.dataDir}/.first_startup"
            fi
            ln -sfn "${configFile}" "${cfg.dataDir}/postgresql.conf"
            ${optionalString (cfg.recoveryConfig != null) ''
              ln -sfn "${pkgs.writeText "recovery.conf" cfg.recoveryConfig}" \
                "${cfg.dataDir}/recovery.conf"
            ''}
            ${optionalString (!groupAccessAvailable) ''
              # postgresql pre 11.0 doesn't start if state directory mode is group accessible
              chmod 0700 "${cfg.dataDir}"
            ''}

            exec postgres
          '';

        serviceConfig =
          { ExecReload = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID";
            User = "postgres";
            Group = "postgres";
            PermissionsStartOnly = true;
            RuntimeDirectory = "postgresql";
            Type = if versionAtLeast cfg.package.version "9.6"
                   then "notify"
                   else "simple";

            # Shut down Postgres using SIGINT ("Fast Shutdown mode").  See
            # http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/server-shutdown.html
            KillSignal = "SIGINT";
            KillMode = "mixed";

            # Give Postgres a decent amount of time to clean up after
            # receiving systemd's SIGINT.
            TimeoutSec = 120;
          };

        # Wait for PostgreSQL to be ready to accept connections.
        postStart =
          ''
            PSQL="${pkgs.utillinux}/bin/runuser -u ${cfg.superUser} -- psql --port=${toString cfg.port}"

            while ! $PSQL -d postgres -c "" 2> /dev/null; do
                if ! kill -0 "$MAINPID"; then exit 1; fi
                sleep 0.1
            done

            if test -e "${cfg.dataDir}/.first_startup"; then
              ${optionalString (cfg.initialScript != null) ''
                $PSQL -f "${cfg.initialScript}" -d postgres
              ''}
              rm -f "${cfg.dataDir}/.first_startup"
            fi
          '' + optionalString (cfg.ensureDatabases != []) ''
            ${concatMapStrings (database: ''
              $PSQL -tAc "SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname = '${database}'" | grep -q 1 || $PSQL -tAc 'CREATE DATABASE "${database}"'
            '') cfg.ensureDatabases}
          '' + ''
            ${concatMapStrings (user: ''
              $PSQL -tAc "SELECT 1 FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname='${user.name}'" | grep -q 1 || $PSQL -tAc 'CREATE USER "${user.name}"'
              ${concatStringsSep "\n" (mapAttrsToList (database: permission: ''
                $PSQL -tAc 'GRANT ${permission} ON ${database} TO "${user.name}"'
              '') user.ensurePermissions)}
            '') cfg.ensureUsers}
          '';

        unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = "${cfg.dataDir}";
      };

  };

  meta.doc = ./postgresql.xml;
  meta.maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ thoughtpolice danbst ];
}