nixpkgs/lib/strings.nix

/* String manipulation functions. */
{ lib }:
let

inherit (builtins) length;

in

rec {

  inherit (builtins)
    compareVersions
    elem
    elemAt
    filter
    fromJSON
    head
    isInt
    isList
    isAttrs
    isString
    match
    parseDrvName
    readFile
    replaceStrings
    split
    storeDir
    stringLength
    substring
    tail
    toJSON
    typeOf
    unsafeDiscardStringContext
    ;

  /* Concatenate a list of strings.

    Type: concatStrings :: [string] -> string

     Example:
       concatStrings ["foo" "bar"]
       => "foobar"
  */
  concatStrings = builtins.concatStringsSep "";

  /* Map a function over a list and concatenate the resulting strings.

    Type: concatMapStrings :: (a -> string) -> [a] -> string

     Example:
       concatMapStrings (x: "a" + x) ["foo" "bar"]
       => "afooabar"
  */
  concatMapStrings = f: list: concatStrings (map f list);

  /* Like `concatMapStrings` except that the f functions also gets the
     position as a parameter.

     Type: concatImapStrings :: (int -> a -> string) -> [a] -> string

     Example:
       concatImapStrings (pos: x: "${toString pos}-${x}") ["foo" "bar"]
       => "1-foo2-bar"
  */
  concatImapStrings = f: list: concatStrings (lib.imap1 f list);

  /* Place an element between each element of a list

     Type: intersperse :: a -> [a] -> [a]

     Example:
       intersperse "/" ["usr" "local" "bin"]
       => ["usr" "/" "local" "/" "bin"].
  */
  intersperse =
    # Separator to add between elements
    separator:
    # Input list
    list:
    if list == [] || length list == 1
    then list
    else tail (lib.concatMap (x: [separator x]) list);

  /* Concatenate a list of strings with a separator between each element

     Type: concatStringsSep :: string -> [string] -> string

     Example:
        concatStringsSep "/" ["usr" "local" "bin"]
        => "usr/local/bin"
  */
  concatStringsSep = builtins.concatStringsSep or (separator: list:
    lib.foldl' (x: y: x + y) "" (intersperse separator list));

  /* Maps a function over a list of strings and then concatenates the
     result with the specified separator interspersed between
     elements.

     Type: concatMapStringsSep :: string -> (a -> string) -> [a] -> string

     Example:
        concatMapStringsSep "-" (x: toUpper x)  ["foo" "bar" "baz"]
        => "FOO-BAR-BAZ"
  */
  concatMapStringsSep =
    # Separator to add between elements
    sep:
    # Function to map over the list
    f:
    # List of input strings
    list: concatStringsSep sep (map f list);

  /* Same as `concatMapStringsSep`, but the mapping function
     additionally receives the position of its argument.

     Type: concatIMapStringsSep :: string -> (int -> a -> string) -> [a] -> string

     Example:
       concatImapStringsSep "-" (pos: x: toString (x / pos)) [ 6 6 6 ]
       => "6-3-2"
  */
  concatImapStringsSep =
    # Separator to add between elements
    sep:
    # Function that receives elements and their positions
    f:
    # List of input strings
    list: concatStringsSep sep (lib.imap1 f list);

  /* Construct a Unix-style, colon-separated search path consisting of
     the given `subDir` appended to each of the given paths.

     Type: makeSearchPath :: string -> [string] -> string

     Example:
       makeSearchPath "bin" ["/root" "/usr" "/usr/local"]
       => "/root/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin"
       makeSearchPath "bin" [""]
       => "/bin"
  */
  makeSearchPath =
    # Directory name to append
    subDir:
    # List of base paths
    paths:
    concatStringsSep ":" (map (path: path + "/" + subDir) (filter (x: x != null) paths));

  /* Construct a Unix-style search path by appending the given
     `subDir` to the specified `output` of each of the packages. If no
     output by the given name is found, fallback to `.out` and then to
     the default.

     Type: string -> string -> [package] -> string

     Example:
       makeSearchPathOutput "dev" "bin" [ pkgs.openssl pkgs.zlib ]
       => "/nix/store/9rz8gxhzf8sw4kf2j2f1grr49w8zx5vj-openssl-1.0.1r-dev/bin:/nix/store/wwh7mhwh269sfjkm6k5665b5kgp7jrk2-zlib-1.2.8/bin"
  */
  makeSearchPathOutput =
    # Package output to use
    output:
    # Directory name to append
    subDir:
    # List of packages
    pkgs: makeSearchPath subDir (map (lib.getOutput output) pkgs);

  /* Construct a library search path (such as RPATH) containing the
     libraries for a set of packages

     Example:
       makeLibraryPath [ "/usr" "/usr/local" ]
       => "/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib"
       pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { }
       makeLibraryPath [ pkgs.openssl pkgs.zlib ]
       => "/nix/store/9rz8gxhzf8sw4kf2j2f1grr49w8zx5vj-openssl-1.0.1r/lib:/nix/store/wwh7mhwh269sfjkm6k5665b5kgp7jrk2-zlib-1.2.8/lib"
  */
  makeLibraryPath = makeSearchPathOutput "lib" "lib";

  /* Construct a binary search path (such as $PATH) containing the
     binaries for a set of packages.

     Example:
       makeBinPath ["/root" "/usr" "/usr/local"]
       => "/root/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin"
  */
  makeBinPath = makeSearchPathOutput "bin" "bin";

  /* Depending on the boolean `cond', return either the given string
     or the empty string. Useful to concatenate against a bigger string.

     Type: optionalString :: bool -> string -> string

     Example:
       optionalString true "some-string"
       => "some-string"
       optionalString false "some-string"
       => ""
  */
  optionalString =
    # Condition
    cond:
    # String to return if condition is true
    string: if cond then string else "";

  /* Determine whether a string has given prefix.

     Type: hasPrefix :: string -> string -> bool

     Example:
       hasPrefix "foo" "foobar"
       => true
       hasPrefix "foo" "barfoo"
       => false
  */
  hasPrefix =
    # Prefix to check for
    pref:
    # Input string
    str: substring 0 (stringLength pref) str == pref;

  /* Determine whether a string has given suffix.

     Type: hasSuffix :: string -> string -> bool

     Example:
       hasSuffix "foo" "foobar"
       => false
       hasSuffix "foo" "barfoo"
       => true
  */
  hasSuffix =
    # Suffix to check for
    suffix:
    # Input string
    content:
    let
      lenContent = stringLength content;
      lenSuffix = stringLength suffix;
    in lenContent >= lenSuffix &&
       substring (lenContent - lenSuffix) lenContent content == suffix;

  /* Determine whether a string contains the given infix

    Type: hasInfix :: string -> string -> bool

    Example:
      hasInfix "bc" "abcd"
      => true
      hasInfix "ab" "abcd"
      => true
      hasInfix "cd" "abcd"
      => true
      hasInfix "foo" "abcd"
      => false
  */
  hasInfix = infix: content:
    builtins.match ".*${escapeRegex infix}.*" "${content}" != null;

  /* Convert a string to a list of characters (i.e. singleton strings).
     This allows you to, e.g., map a function over each character.  However,
     note that this will likely be horribly inefficient; Nix is not a
     general purpose programming language. Complex string manipulations
     should, if appropriate, be done in a derivation.
     Also note that Nix treats strings as a list of bytes and thus doesn't
     handle unicode.

     Type: stringToCharacters :: string -> [string]

     Example:
       stringToCharacters ""
       => [ ]
       stringToCharacters "abc"
       => [ "a" "b" "c" ]
       stringToCharacters "💩"
       => [ "<EFBFBD>" "<EFBFBD>" "<EFBFBD>" "<EFBFBD>" ]
  */
  stringToCharacters = s:
    map (p: substring p 1 s) (lib.range 0 (stringLength s - 1));

  /* Manipulate a string character by character and replace them by
     strings before concatenating the results.

     Type: stringAsChars :: (string -> string) -> string -> string

     Example:
       stringAsChars (x: if x == "a" then "i" else x) "nax"
       => "nix"
  */
  stringAsChars =
    # Function to map over each individual character
    f:
    # Input string
    s: concatStrings (
      map f (stringToCharacters s)
    );

  /* Escape occurrence of the elements of `list` in `string` by
     prefixing it with a backslash.

     Type: escape :: [string] -> string -> string

     Example:
       escape ["(" ")"] "(foo)"
       => "\\(foo\\)"
  */
  escape = list: replaceChars list (map (c: "\\${c}") list);

  /* Quote string to be used safely within the Bourne shell.

     Type: escapeShellArg :: string -> string

     Example:
       escapeShellArg "esc'ape\nme"
       => "'esc'\\''ape\nme'"
  */
  escapeShellArg = arg: "'${replaceStrings ["'"] ["'\\''"] (toString arg)}'";

  /* Quote all arguments to be safely passed to the Bourne shell.

     Type: escapeShellArgs :: [string] -> string

     Example:
       escapeShellArgs ["one" "two three" "four'five"]
       => "'one' 'two three' 'four'\\''five'"
  */
  escapeShellArgs = concatMapStringsSep " " escapeShellArg;

  /* Test whether the given name is a valid POSIX shell variable name.

     Type: string -> bool

     Example:
       isValidPosixName "foo_bar000"
       => true
       isValidPosixName "0-bad.jpg"
       => false
  */
  isValidPosixName = name: match "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*" name != null;

  /* Translate a Nix value into a shell variable declaration, with proper escaping.

     The value can be a string (mapped to a regular variable), a list of strings
     (mapped to a Bash-style array) or an attribute set of strings (mapped to a
     Bash-style associative array). Note that "string" includes string-coercible
     values like paths or derivations.

     Strings are translated into POSIX sh-compatible code; lists and attribute sets
     assume a shell that understands Bash syntax (e.g. Bash or ZSH).

     Type: string -> (string | listOf string | attrsOf string) -> string

     Example:
       ''
         ${toShellVar "foo" "some string"}
         [[ "$foo" == "some string" ]]
       ''
  */
  toShellVar = name: value:
    lib.throwIfNot (isValidPosixName name) "toShellVar: ${name} is not a valid shell variable name" (
    if isAttrs value && ! isCoercibleToString value then
      "declare -A ${name}=(${
        concatStringsSep " " (lib.mapAttrsToList (n: v:
          "[${escapeShellArg n}]=${escapeShellArg v}"
        ) value)
      })"
    else if isList value then
      "declare -a ${name}=(${escapeShellArgs value})"
    else
      "${name}=${escapeShellArg value}"
    );

  /* Translate an attribute set into corresponding shell variable declarations
     using `toShellVar`.

     Type: attrsOf (string | listOf string | attrsOf string) -> string

     Example:
       let
         foo = "value";
         bar = foo;
       in ''
         ${toShellVars { inherit foo bar; }}
         [[ "$foo" == "$bar" ]]
       ''
  */
  toShellVars = vars: concatStringsSep "\n" (lib.mapAttrsToList toShellVar vars);

  /* Turn a string into a Nix expression representing that string

     Type: string -> string

     Example:
       escapeNixString "hello\${}\n"
       => "\"hello\\\${}\\n\""
  */
  escapeNixString = s: escape ["$"] (toJSON s);

  /* Turn a string into an exact regular expression

     Type: string -> string

     Example:
       escapeRegex "[^a-z]*"
       => "\\[\\^a-z]\\*"
  */
  escapeRegex = escape (stringToCharacters "\\[{()^$?*+|.");

  /* Quotes a string if it can't be used as an identifier directly.

     Type: string -> string

     Example:
       escapeNixIdentifier "hello"
       => "hello"
       escapeNixIdentifier "0abc"
       => "\"0abc\""
  */
  escapeNixIdentifier = s:
    # Regex from https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/d048577909e383439c2549e849c5c2f2016c997e/src/libexpr/lexer.l#L91
    if match "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*" s != null
    then s else escapeNixString s;

  /* Escapes a string such that it is safe to include verbatim in an XML
     document.

     Type: string -> string

     Example:
       escapeXML ''"test" 'test' < & >''
       => "&quot;test&quot; &apos;test&apos; &lt; &amp; &gt;"
  */
  escapeXML = builtins.replaceStrings
    ["\"" "'" "<" ">" "&"]
    ["&quot;" "&apos;" "&lt;" "&gt;" "&amp;"];

  # Obsolete - use replaceStrings instead.
  replaceChars = builtins.replaceStrings or (
    del: new: s:
    let
      substList = lib.zipLists del new;
      subst = c:
        let found = lib.findFirst (sub: sub.fst == c) null substList; in
        if found == null then
          c
        else
          found.snd;
    in
      stringAsChars subst s);

  # Case conversion utilities.
  lowerChars = stringToCharacters "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
  upperChars = stringToCharacters "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

  /* Converts an ASCII string to lower-case.

     Type: toLower :: string -> string

     Example:
       toLower "HOME"
       => "home"
  */
  toLower = replaceChars upperChars lowerChars;

  /* Converts an ASCII string to upper-case.

     Type: toUpper :: string -> string

     Example:
       toUpper "home"
       => "HOME"
  */
  toUpper = replaceChars lowerChars upperChars;

  /* Appends string context from another string.  This is an implementation
     detail of Nix.

     Strings in Nix carry an invisible `context` which is a list of strings
     representing store paths.  If the string is later used in a derivation
     attribute, the derivation will properly populate the inputDrvs and
     inputSrcs.

     Example:
       pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { };
       addContextFrom pkgs.coreutils "bar"
       => "bar"
  */
  addContextFrom = a: b: substring 0 0 a + b;

  /* Cut a string with a separator and produces a list of strings which
     were separated by this separator.

     Example:
       splitString "." "foo.bar.baz"
       => [ "foo" "bar" "baz" ]
       splitString "/" "/usr/local/bin"
       => [ "" "usr" "local" "bin" ]
  */
  splitString = _sep: _s:
    let
      sep = builtins.unsafeDiscardStringContext _sep;
      s = builtins.unsafeDiscardStringContext _s;
      splits = builtins.filter builtins.isString (builtins.split (escapeRegex sep) s);
    in
      map (v: addContextFrom _sep (addContextFrom _s v)) splits;

  /* Return a string without the specified prefix, if the prefix matches.

     Type: string -> string -> string

     Example:
       removePrefix "foo." "foo.bar.baz"
       => "bar.baz"
       removePrefix "xxx" "foo.bar.baz"
       => "foo.bar.baz"
  */
  removePrefix =
    # Prefix to remove if it matches
    prefix:
    # Input string
    str:
    let
      preLen = stringLength prefix;
      sLen = stringLength str;
    in
      if hasPrefix prefix str then
        substring preLen (sLen - preLen) str
      else
        str;

  /* Return a string without the specified suffix, if the suffix matches.

     Type: string -> string -> string

     Example:
       removeSuffix "front" "homefront"
       => "home"
       removeSuffix "xxx" "homefront"
       => "homefront"
  */
  removeSuffix =
    # Suffix to remove if it matches
    suffix:
    # Input string
    str:
    let
      sufLen = stringLength suffix;
      sLen = stringLength str;
    in
      if sufLen <= sLen && suffix == substring (sLen - sufLen) sufLen str then
        substring 0 (sLen - sufLen) str
      else
        str;

  /* Return true if string v1 denotes a version older than v2.

     Example:
       versionOlder "1.1" "1.2"
       => true
       versionOlder "1.1" "1.1"
       => false
  */
  versionOlder = v1: v2: compareVersions v2 v1 == 1;

  /* Return true if string v1 denotes a version equal to or newer than v2.

     Example:
       versionAtLeast "1.1" "1.0"
       => true
       versionAtLeast "1.1" "1.1"
       => true
       versionAtLeast "1.1" "1.2"
       => false
  */
  versionAtLeast = v1: v2: !versionOlder v1 v2;

  /* This function takes an argument that's either a derivation or a
     derivation's "name" attribute and extracts the name part from that
     argument.

     Example:
       getName "youtube-dl-2016.01.01"
       => "youtube-dl"
       getName pkgs.youtube-dl
       => "youtube-dl"
  */
  getName = x:
   let
     parse = drv: (parseDrvName drv).name;
   in if isString x
      then parse x
      else x.pname or (parse x.name);

  /* This function takes an argument that's either a derivation or a
     derivation's "name" attribute and extracts the version part from that
     argument.

     Example:
       getVersion "youtube-dl-2016.01.01"
       => "2016.01.01"
       getVersion pkgs.youtube-dl
       => "2016.01.01"
  */
  getVersion = x:
   let
     parse = drv: (parseDrvName drv).version;
   in if isString x
      then parse x
      else x.version or (parse x.name);

  /* Extract name with version from URL. Ask for separator which is
     supposed to start extension.

     Example:
       nameFromURL "https://nixos.org/releases/nix/nix-1.7/nix-1.7-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2" "-"
       => "nix"
       nameFromURL "https://nixos.org/releases/nix/nix-1.7/nix-1.7-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2" "_"
       => "nix-1.7-x86"
  */
  nameFromURL = url: sep:
    let
      components = splitString "/" url;
      filename = lib.last components;
      name = head (splitString sep filename);
    in assert name != filename; name;

  /* Create an --{enable,disable}-<feat> string that can be passed to
     standard GNU Autoconf scripts.

     Example:
       enableFeature true "shared"
       => "--enable-shared"
       enableFeature false "shared"
       => "--disable-shared"
  */
  enableFeature = enable: feat:
    assert isString feat; # e.g. passing openssl instead of "openssl"
    "--${if enable then "enable" else "disable"}-${feat}";

  /* Create an --{enable-<feat>=<value>,disable-<feat>} string that can be passed to
     standard GNU Autoconf scripts.

     Example:
       enableFeatureAs true "shared" "foo"
       => "--enable-shared=foo"
       enableFeatureAs false "shared" (throw "ignored")
       => "--disable-shared"
  */
  enableFeatureAs = enable: feat: value: enableFeature enable feat + optionalString enable "=${value}";

  /* Create an --{with,without}-<feat> string that can be passed to
     standard GNU Autoconf scripts.

     Example:
       withFeature true "shared"
       => "--with-shared"
       withFeature false "shared"
       => "--without-shared"
  */
  withFeature = with_: feat:
    assert isString feat; # e.g. passing openssl instead of "openssl"
    "--${if with_ then "with" else "without"}-${feat}";

  /* Create an --{with-<feat>=<value>,without-<feat>} string that can be passed to
     standard GNU Autoconf scripts.

     Example:
       withFeatureAs true "shared" "foo"
       => "--with-shared=foo"
       withFeatureAs false "shared" (throw "ignored")
       => "--without-shared"
  */
  withFeatureAs = with_: feat: value: withFeature with_ feat + optionalString with_ "=${value}";

  /* Create a fixed width string with additional prefix to match
     required width.

     This function will fail if the input string is longer than the
     requested length.

     Type: fixedWidthString :: int -> string -> string -> string

     Example:
       fixedWidthString 5 "0" (toString 15)
       => "00015"
  */
  fixedWidthString = width: filler: str:
    let
      strw = lib.stringLength str;
      reqWidth = width - (lib.stringLength filler);
    in
      assert lib.assertMsg (strw <= width)
        "fixedWidthString: requested string length (${
          toString width}) must not be shorter than actual length (${
            toString strw})";
      if strw == width then str else filler + fixedWidthString reqWidth filler str;

  /* Format a number adding leading zeroes up to fixed width.

     Example:
       fixedWidthNumber 5 15
       => "00015"
  */
  fixedWidthNumber = width: n: fixedWidthString width "0" (toString n);

  /* Convert a float to a string, but emit a warning when precision is lost
     during the conversion

     Example:
       floatToString 0.000001
       => "0.000001"
       floatToString 0.0000001
       => trace: warning: Imprecise conversion from float to string 0.000000
          "0.000000"
  */
  floatToString = float: let
    result = toString float;
    precise = float == fromJSON result;
  in lib.warnIf (!precise) "Imprecise conversion from float to string ${result}"
    result;

  /* Check whether a value can be coerced to a string */
  isCoercibleToString = x:
    elem (typeOf x) [ "path" "string" "null" "int" "float" "bool" ] ||
    (isList x && lib.all isCoercibleToString x) ||
    x ? outPath ||
    x ? __toString;

  /* Check whether a value is a store path.

     Example:
       isStorePath "/nix/store/d945ibfx9x185xf04b890y4f9g3cbb63-python-2.7.11/bin/python"
       => false
       isStorePath "/nix/store/d945ibfx9x185xf04b890y4f9g3cbb63-python-2.7.11"
       => true
       isStorePath pkgs.python
       => true
       isStorePath [] || isStorePath 42 || isStorePath {} || …
       => false
  */
  isStorePath = x:
    if !(isList x) && isCoercibleToString x then
      let str = toString x; in
      substring 0 1 str == "/"
      && dirOf str == storeDir
    else
      false;

  /* Parse a string as an int.

     Type: string -> int

     Example:
       toInt "1337"
       => 1337
       toInt "-4"
       => -4
       toInt "3.14"
       => error: floating point JSON numbers are not supported
  */
  # Obviously, it is a bit hacky to use fromJSON this way.
  toInt = str:
    let may_be_int = fromJSON str; in
    if isInt may_be_int
    then may_be_int
    else throw "Could not convert ${str} to int.";

  /* Read a list of paths from `file`, relative to the `rootPath`.
     Lines beginning with `#` are treated as comments and ignored.
     Whitespace is significant.

     NOTE: This function is not performant and should be avoided.

     Example:
       readPathsFromFile /prefix
         ./pkgs/development/libraries/qt-5/5.4/qtbase/series
       => [ "/prefix/dlopen-resolv.patch" "/prefix/tzdir.patch"
            "/prefix/dlopen-libXcursor.patch" "/prefix/dlopen-openssl.patch"
            "/prefix/dlopen-dbus.patch" "/prefix/xdg-config-dirs.patch"
            "/prefix/nix-profiles-library-paths.patch"
            "/prefix/compose-search-path.patch" ]
  */
  readPathsFromFile = lib.warn "lib.readPathsFromFile is deprecated, use a list instead"
    (rootPath: file:
      let
        lines = lib.splitString "\n" (readFile file);
        removeComments = lib.filter (line: line != "" && !(lib.hasPrefix "#" line));
        relativePaths = removeComments lines;
        absolutePaths = map (path: rootPath + "/${path}") relativePaths;
      in
        absolutePaths);

  /* Read the contents of a file removing the trailing \n

     Type: fileContents :: path -> string

     Example:
       $ echo "1.0" > ./version

       fileContents ./version
       => "1.0"
  */
  fileContents = file: removeSuffix "\n" (readFile file);


  /* Creates a valid derivation name from a potentially invalid one.

     Type: sanitizeDerivationName :: String -> String

     Example:
       sanitizeDerivationName "../hello.bar # foo"
       => "-hello.bar-foo"
       sanitizeDerivationName ""
       => "unknown"
       sanitizeDerivationName pkgs.hello
       => "-nix-store-2g75chlbpxlrqn15zlby2dfh8hr9qwbk-hello-2.10"
  */
  sanitizeDerivationName =
  let okRegex = match "[[:alnum:]+_?=-][[:alnum:]+._?=-]*";
  in
  string:
  # First detect the common case of already valid strings, to speed those up
  if stringLength string <= 207 && okRegex string != null
  then unsafeDiscardStringContext string
  else lib.pipe string [
    # Get rid of string context. This is safe under the assumption that the
    # resulting string is only used as a derivation name
    unsafeDiscardStringContext
    # Strip all leading "."
    (x: elemAt (match "\\.*(.*)" x) 0)
    # Split out all invalid characters
    # https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/2.3.2/src/libstore/store-api.cc#L85-L112
    # https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/2242be83c61788b9c0736a92bb0b5c7bbfc40803/nix-rust/src/store/path.rs#L100-L125
    (split "[^[:alnum:]+._?=-]+")
    # Replace invalid character ranges with a "-"
    (concatMapStrings (s: if lib.isList s then "-" else s))
    # Limit to 211 characters (minus 4 chars for ".drv")
    (x: substring (lib.max (stringLength x - 207) 0) (-1) x)
    # If the result is empty, replace it with "unknown"
    (x: if stringLength x == 0 then "unknown" else x)
  ];

  /* Computes the Levenshtein distance between two strings.
     Complexity O(n*m) where n and m are the lengths of the strings.
     Algorithm adjusted from https://stackoverflow.com/a/9750974/6605742

     Type: levenshtein :: string -> string -> int

     Example:
       levenshtein "foo" "foo"
       => 0
       levenshtein "book" "hook"
       => 1
       levenshtein "hello" "Heyo"
       => 3
  */
  levenshtein = a: b: let
    # Two dimensional array with dimensions (stringLength a + 1, stringLength b + 1)
    arr = lib.genList (i:
      lib.genList (j:
        dist i j
      ) (stringLength b + 1)
    ) (stringLength a + 1);
    d = x: y: lib.elemAt (lib.elemAt arr x) y;
    dist = i: j:
      let c = if substring (i - 1) 1 a == substring (j - 1) 1 b
        then 0 else 1;
      in
      if j == 0 then i
      else if i == 0 then j
      else lib.min
        ( lib.min (d (i - 1) j + 1) (d i (j - 1) + 1))
        ( d (i - 1) (j - 1) + c );
  in d (stringLength a) (stringLength b);

  /* Returns the length of the prefix common to both strings.
  */
  commonPrefixLength = a: b:
    let
      m = lib.min (stringLength a) (stringLength b);
      go = i: if i >= m then m else if substring i 1 a == substring i 1 b then go (i + 1) else i;
    in go 0;

  /* Returns the length of the suffix common to both strings.
  */
  commonSuffixLength = a: b:
    let
      m = lib.min (stringLength a) (stringLength b);
      go = i: if i >= m then m else if substring (stringLength a - i - 1) 1 a == substring (stringLength b - i - 1) 1 b then go (i + 1) else i;
    in go 0;

  /* Returns whether the levenshtein distance between two strings is at most some value
     Complexity is O(min(n,m)) for k <= 2 and O(n*m) otherwise

     Type: levenshteinAtMost :: int -> string -> string -> bool

     Example:
       levenshteinAtMost 0 "foo" "foo"
       => true
       levenshteinAtMost 1 "foo" "boa"
       => false
       levenshteinAtMost 2 "foo" "boa"
       => true
       levenshteinAtMost 2 "This is a sentence" "this is a sentense."
       => false
       levenshteinAtMost 3 "This is a sentence" "this is a sentense."
       => true

  */
  levenshteinAtMost = let
    infixDifferAtMost1 = x: y: stringLength x <= 1 && stringLength y <= 1;

    # This function takes two strings stripped by their common pre and suffix,
    # and returns whether they differ by at most two by Levenshtein distance.
    # Because of this stripping, if they do indeed differ by at most two edits,
    # we know that those edits were (if at all) done at the start or the end,
    # while the middle has to have stayed the same. This fact is used in the
    # implementation.
    infixDifferAtMost2 = x: y:
      let
        xlen = stringLength x;
        ylen = stringLength y;
        # This function is only called with |x| >= |y| and |x| - |y| <= 2, so
        # diff is one of 0, 1 or 2
        diff = xlen - ylen;

        # Infix of x and y, stripped by the left and right most character
        xinfix = substring 1 (xlen - 2) x;
        yinfix = substring 1 (ylen - 2) y;

        # x and y but a character deleted at the left or right
        xdelr = substring 0 (xlen - 1) x;
        xdell = substring 1 (xlen - 1) x;
        ydelr = substring 0 (ylen - 1) y;
        ydell = substring 1 (ylen - 1) y;
      in
        # A length difference of 2 can only be gotten with 2 delete edits,
        # which have to have happened at the start and end of x
        # Example: "abcdef" -> "bcde"
        if diff == 2 then xinfix == y
        # A length difference of 1 can only be gotten with a deletion on the
        # right and a replacement on the left or vice versa.
        # Example: "abcdef" -> "bcdez" or "zbcde"
        else if diff == 1 then xinfix == ydelr || xinfix == ydell
        # No length difference can either happen through replacements on both
        # sides, or a deletion on the left and an insertion on the right or
        # vice versa
        # Example: "abcdef" -> "zbcdez" or "bcdefz" or "zabcde"
        else xinfix == yinfix || xdelr == ydell || xdell == ydelr;

    in k: if k <= 0 then a: b: a == b else
      let f = a: b:
        let
          alen = stringLength a;
          blen = stringLength b;
          prelen = commonPrefixLength a b;
          suflen = commonSuffixLength a b;
          presuflen = prelen + suflen;
          ainfix = substring prelen (alen - presuflen) a;
          binfix = substring prelen (blen - presuflen) b;
        in
        # Make a be the bigger string
        if alen < blen then f b a
        # If a has over k more characters than b, even with k deletes on a, b can't be reached
        else if alen - blen > k then false
        else if k == 1 then infixDifferAtMost1 ainfix binfix
        else if k == 2 then infixDifferAtMost2 ainfix binfix
        else levenshtein ainfix binfix <= k;
      in f;
}