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Merge pull request #11831 from vcunat/p/manual-split

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nixpkgs manual: split languages into separate source files
This commit is contained in:
Domen Kožar 2015-12-21 12:23:23 +01:00
commit 8cb79f60d8
12 changed files with 1094 additions and 1051 deletions
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10
doc/default.nix
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@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
with import ./.. { };
with lib;
let
sources = sourceFilesBySuffices ./. [".xml"];
sources-langs = ./languages-frameworks;
in
stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "nixpkgs-manual";
sources = sourceFilesBySuffices ./. [".xml"];
buildInputs = [ pandoc libxml2 libxslt ];
@ -35,7 +37,9 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation {
echo "</chapter>"
} >haskell-users-guide.xml
ln -s "$sources/"*.xml .
ln -s '${sources}/'*.xml .
mkdir ./languages-frameworks
cp -s '${sources-langs}'/* ./languages-frameworks
echo ${nixpkgsVersion} > .version

1047
doc/language-support.xml
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41
doc/languages-frameworks/coq.xml Normal file
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-language-coq">
<title>Coq</title>
<para>
Coq libraries should be installed in
<literal>$(out)/lib/coq/${coq.coq-version}/user-contrib/</literal>.
Such directories are automatically added to the
<literal>$COQPATH</literal> environment variable by the hook defined
in the Coq derivation.
</para>
<para>
Some libraries require OCaml and sometimes also Camlp5. The exact
versions that were used to build Coq are saved in the
<literal>coq.ocaml</literal> and <literal>coq.camlp5</literal>
attributes.
</para>
<para>
Here is a simple package example. It is a pure Coq library, thus it
only depends on Coq. Its <literal>makefile</literal> has been
generated using <literal>coq_makefile</literal> so we only have to
set the <literal>$COQLIB</literal> variable at install time.
</para>
<programlisting>
{stdenv, fetchurl, coq}:
stdenv.mkDerivation {
src = fetchurl {
url = http://coq.inria.fr/pylons/contribs/files/Karatsuba/v8.4/Karatsuba.tar.gz;
sha256 = "0ymfpv4v49k4fm63nq6gcl1hbnnxrvjjp7yzc4973n49b853c5b1";
};
name = "coq-karatsuba";
buildInputs = [ coq ];
installFlags = "COQLIB=$(out)/lib/coq/${coq.coq-version}/";
}
</programlisting>
</section>

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-language-go">
<title>Go</title>
<para>The function <varname>buildGoPackage</varname> builds
standard Go packages.
</para>
<example xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage'><title>buildGoPackage</title>
<programlisting>
net = buildGoPackage rec {
name = "go.net-${rev}";
goPackagePath = "golang.org/x/net"; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-1' />
subPackages = [ "ipv4" "ipv6" ]; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-2' />
rev = "e0403b4e005";
src = fetchFromGitHub {
inherit rev;
owner = "golang";
repo = "net";
sha256 = "1g7cjzw4g4301a3yqpbk8n1d4s97sfby2aysl275x04g0zh8jxqp";
};
goPackageAliases = [ "code.google.com/p/go.net" ]; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-3' />
propagatedBuildInputs = [ goPackages.text ]; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-4' />
buildFlags = "--tags release"; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-5' />
disabled = isGo13;<co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-6' />
};
</programlisting>
</example>
<para><xref linkend='ex-buildGoPackage'/> is an example expression using buildGoPackage,
the following arguments are of special significance to the function:
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-1'>
<para>
<varname>goPackagePath</varname> specifies the package's canonical Go import path.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-2'>
<para>
<varname>subPackages</varname> limits the builder from building child packages that
have not been listed. If <varname>subPackages</varname> is not specified, all child
packages will be built.
</para>
<para>
In this example only <literal>code.google.com/p/go.net/ipv4</literal> and
<literal>code.google.com/p/go.net/ipv6</literal> will be built.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-3'>
<para>
<varname>goPackageAliases</varname> is a list of alternative import paths
that are valid for this library.
Packages that depend on this library will automatically rename
import paths that match any of the aliases to <literal>goPackagePath</literal>.
</para>
<para>
In this example imports will be renamed from
<literal>code.google.com/p/go.net</literal> to
<literal>golang.org/x/net</literal> in every package that depend on the
<literal>go.net</literal> library.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-4'>
<para>
<varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname> is where the dependencies of a Go library are
listed. Only libraries should list <varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>. If a standalone
program is being built instead, use <varname>buildInputs</varname>. If a library's tests require
additional dependencies that are not propagated, they should be listed in <varname>buildInputs</varname>.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-5'>
<para>
<varname>buildFlags</varname> is a list of flags passed to the go build command.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-6'>
<para>
If <varname>disabled</varname> is <literal>true</literal>,
nix will refuse to build this package.
</para>
<para>
In this example the package will not be built for go 1.3. The <literal>isGo13</literal>
is an utility function that returns <literal>true</literal> if go used to build the
package has version 1.3.x.
</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
</para>
<para>
Reusable Go libraries may be found in the <varname>goPackages</varname> set. You can test
build a Go package as follows:
<screen>
$ nix-build -A goPackages.net
</screen>
</para>
<para>
You may use Go packages installed into the active Nix profiles by adding
the following to your ~/.bashrc:
<screen>
for p in $NIX_PROFILES; do
GOPATH="$p/share/go:$GOPATH"
done
</screen>
</para>
<para>To extract dependency information from a Go package in automated way use <link xlink:href="https://github.com/cstrahan/go2nix">go2nix</link>.</para>
</section>

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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="chap-language-support">
<title>Support for specific programming languages and frameworks</title>
<para>The <link linkend="chap-stdenv">standard build
environment</link> makes it easy to build typical Autotools-based
packages with very little code. Any other kind of package can be
accomodated by overriding the appropriate phases of
<literal>stdenv</literal>. However, there are specialised functions
in Nixpkgs to easily build packages for other programming languages,
such as Perl or Haskell. These are described in this chapter.</para>
<xi:include href="perl.xml" />
<xi:include href="python.xml" />
<xi:include href="ruby.xml" />
<xi:include href="go.xml" />
<xi:include href="java.xml" />
<xi:include href="lua.xml" />
<xi:include href="coq.xml" />
<xi:include href="qt.xml" />
<!--
<section><title>Haskell</title>
<para>TODO</para>
</section>
<section><title>TeX / LaTeX</title>
<para>* Special support for building TeX documents</para>
</section>
-->
</chapter>

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-language-java">
<title>Java</title>
<para>Ant-based Java packages are typically built from source as follows:
<programlisting>
stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "...";
src = fetchurl { ... };
buildInputs = [ jdk ant ];
buildPhase = "ant";
}
</programlisting>
Note that <varname>jdk</varname> is an alias for the OpenJDK.</para>
<para>JAR files that are intended to be used by other packages should
be installed in <filename>$out/share/java</filename>. The OpenJDK has
a stdenv setup hook that adds any JARs in the
<filename>share/java</filename> directories of the build inputs to the
<envar>CLASSPATH</envar> environment variable. For instance, if the
package <literal>libfoo</literal> installs a JAR named
<filename>foo.jar</filename> in its <filename>share/java</filename>
directory, and another package declares the attribute
<programlisting>
buildInputs = [ jdk libfoo ];
</programlisting>
then <envar>CLASSPATH</envar> will be set to
<filename>/nix/store/...-libfoo/share/java/foo.jar</filename>.</para>
<para>Private JARs
should be installed in a location like
<filename>$out/share/<replaceable>package-name</replaceable></filename>.</para>
<para>If your Java package provides a program, you need to generate a
wrapper script to run it using the OpenJRE. You can use
<literal>makeWrapper</literal> for this:
<programlisting>
buildInputs = [ makeWrapper ];
installPhase =
''
mkdir -p $out/bin
makeWrapper ${jre}/bin/java $out/bin/foo \
--add-flags "-cp $out/share/java/foo.jar org.foo.Main"
'';
</programlisting>
Note the use of <literal>jre</literal>, which is the part of the
OpenJDK package that contains the Java Runtime Environment. By using
<literal>${jre}/bin/java</literal> instead of
<literal>${jdk}/bin/java</literal>, you prevent your package from
depending on the JDK at runtime.</para>
<para>It is possible to use a different Java compiler than
<command>javac</command> from the OpenJDK. For instance, to use the
Eclipse Java Compiler:
<programlisting>
buildInputs = [ jre ant ecj ];
</programlisting>
(Note that here you don’t need the full JDK as an input, but just the
JRE.) The ECJ has a stdenv setup hook that sets some environment
variables to cause Ant to use ECJ, but this doesn’t work with all Ant
files. Similarly, you can use the GNU Java Compiler:
<programlisting>
buildInputs = [ gcj ant ];
</programlisting>
Here, Ant will automatically use <command>gij</command> (the GNU Java
Runtime) instead of the OpenJRE.</para>
</section>

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-language-lua">
<title>Lua</title>
<para>
Lua packages are built by the <varname>buildLuaPackage</varname> function. This function is
implemented
in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/lua-modules/generic/default.nix">
<filename>pkgs/development/lua-modules/generic/default.nix</filename></link>
and works similarly to <varname>buildPerlPackage</varname>. (See
<xref linkend="sec-language-perl"/> for details.)
</para>
<para>
Lua packages are defined
in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/lua-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/lua-packages.nix</filename></link>.
Most of them are simple. For example:
<programlisting>
fileSystem = buildLuaPackage {
name = "filesystem-1.6.2";
src = fetchurl {
url = "https://github.com/keplerproject/luafilesystem/archive/v1_6_2.tar.gz";
sha256 = "1n8qdwa20ypbrny99vhkmx8q04zd2jjycdb5196xdhgvqzk10abz";
};
meta = {
homepage = "https://github.com/keplerproject/luafilesystem";
hydraPlatforms = stdenv.lib.platforms.linux;
maintainers = with maintainers; [ flosse ];
};
};
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Though, more complicated package should be placed in a seperate file in
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/lua-modules"><filename>pkgs/development/lua-modules</filename></link>.
</para>
<para>
Lua packages accept additional parameter <varname>disabled</varname>, which defines
the condition of disabling package from luaPackages. For example, if package has
<varname>disabled</varname> assigned to <literal>lua.luaversion != "5.1"</literal>,
it will not be included in any luaPackages except lua51Packages, making it
only be built for lua 5.1.
</para>
</section>

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-language-perl">
<title>Perl</title>
<para>Nixpkgs provides a function <varname>buildPerlPackage</varname>,
a generic package builder function for any Perl package that has a
standard <varname>Makefile.PL</varname>. It’s implemented in <link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/perl-modules/generic"><filename>pkgs/development/perl-modules/generic</filename></link>.</para>
<para>Perl packages from CPAN are defined in <link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix</filename></link>,
rather than <filename>pkgs/all-packages.nix</filename>. Most Perl
packages are so straight-forward to build that they are defined here
directly, rather than having a separate function for each package
called from <filename>perl-packages.nix</filename>. However, more
complicated packages should be put in a separate file, typically in
<filename>pkgs/development/perl-modules</filename>. Here is an
example of the former:
<programlisting>
ClassC3 = buildPerlPackage rec {
name = "Class-C3-0.21";
src = fetchurl {
url = "mirror://cpan/authors/id/F/FL/FLORA/${name}.tar.gz";
sha256 = "1bl8z095y4js66pwxnm7s853pi9czala4sqc743fdlnk27kq94gz";
};
};
</programlisting>
Note the use of <literal>mirror://cpan/</literal>, and the
<literal>${name}</literal> in the URL definition to ensure that the
name attribute is consistent with the source that we’re actually
downloading. Perl packages are made available in
<filename>all-packages.nix</filename> through the variable
<varname>perlPackages</varname>. For instance, if you have a package
that needs <varname>ClassC3</varname>, you would typically write
<programlisting>
foo = import ../path/to/foo.nix {
inherit stdenv fetchurl ...;
inherit (perlPackages) ClassC3;
};
</programlisting>
in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>. You can test building a
Perl package as follows:
<screen>
$ nix-build -A perlPackages.ClassC3
</screen>
<varname>buildPerlPackage</varname> adds <literal>perl-</literal> to
the start of the name attribute, so the package above is actually
called <literal>perl-Class-C3-0.21</literal>. So to install it, you
can say:
<screen>
$ nix-env -i perl-Class-C3
</screen>
(Of course you can also install using the attribute name:
<literal>nix-env -i -A perlPackages.ClassC3</literal>.)</para>
<para>So what does <varname>buildPerlPackage</varname> do? It does
the following:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>In the configure phase, it calls <literal>perl
Makefile.PL</literal> to generate a Makefile. You can set the
variable <varname>makeMakerFlags</varname> to pass flags to
<filename>Makefile.PL</filename></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>It adds the contents of the <envar>PERL5LIB</envar>
environment variable to <literal>#! .../bin/perl</literal> line of
Perl scripts as <literal>-I<replaceable>dir</replaceable></literal>
flags. This ensures that a script can find its
dependencies.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>In the fixup phase, it writes the propagated build
inputs (<varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>) to the file
<filename>$out/nix-support/propagated-user-env-packages</filename>.
<command>nix-env</command> recursively installs all packages listed
in this file when you install a package that has it. This ensures
that a Perl package can find its dependencies.</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para><varname>buildPerlPackage</varname> is built on top of
<varname>stdenv</varname>, so everything can be customised in the
usual way. For instance, the <literal>BerkeleyDB</literal> module has
a <varname>preConfigure</varname> hook to generate a configuration
file used by <filename>Makefile.PL</filename>:
<programlisting>
{ buildPerlPackage, fetchurl, db }:
buildPerlPackage rec {
name = "BerkeleyDB-0.36";
src = fetchurl {
url = "mirror://cpan/authors/id/P/PM/PMQS/${name}.tar.gz";
sha256 = "07xf50riarb60l1h6m2dqmql8q5dij619712fsgw7ach04d8g3z1";
};
preConfigure = ''
echo "LIB = ${db}/lib" > config.in
echo "INCLUDE = ${db}/include" >> config.in
'';
}
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>Dependencies on other Perl packages can be specified in the
<varname>buildInputs</varname> and
<varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname> attributes. If something is
exclusively a build-time dependency, use
<varname>buildInputs</varname>; if it’s (also) a runtime dependency,
use <varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>. For instance, this
builds a Perl module that has runtime dependencies on a bunch of other
modules:
<programlisting>
ClassC3Componentised = buildPerlPackage rec {
name = "Class-C3-Componentised-1.0004";
src = fetchurl {
url = "mirror://cpan/authors/id/A/AS/ASH/${name}.tar.gz";
sha256 = "0xql73jkcdbq4q9m0b0rnca6nrlvf5hyzy8is0crdk65bynvs8q1";
};
propagatedBuildInputs = [
ClassC3 ClassInspector TestException MROCompat
];
};
</programlisting>
</para>
<section xml:id="ssec-generation-from-CPAN"><title>Generation from CPAN</title>
<para>Nix expressions for Perl packages can be generated (almost)
automatically from CPAN. This is done by the program
<command>nix-generate-from-cpan</command>, which can be installed
as follows:</para>
<screen>
$ nix-env -i nix-generate-from-cpan
</screen>
<para>This program takes a Perl module name, looks it up on CPAN,
fetches and unpacks the corresponding package, and prints a Nix
expression on standard output. For example:
<screen>
$ nix-generate-from-cpan XML::Simple
XMLSimple = buildPerlPackage {
name = "XML-Simple-2.20";
src = fetchurl {
url = mirror://cpan/authors/id/G/GR/GRANTM/XML-Simple-2.20.tar.gz;
sha256 = "5cff13d0802792da1eb45895ce1be461903d98ec97c9c953bc8406af7294434a";
};
propagatedBuildInputs = [ XMLNamespaceSupport XMLSAX XMLSAXExpat ];
meta = {
description = "Easily read/write XML (esp config files)";
license = "perl";
};
};
</screen>
The output can be pasted into
<filename>pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix</filename> or wherever else
you need it.</para>
</section>
</section>

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-python">
<title>Python</title>
<para>
Currently supported interpreters are <varname>python26</varname>, <varname>python27</varname>,
<varname>python33</varname>, <varname>python34</varname>, <varname>python35</varname>
and <varname>pypy</varname>.
</para>
<para>
<varname>python</varname> is an alias to <varname>python27</varname> and <varname>python3</varname> is an alias to <varname>python34</varname>.
</para>
<para>
<varname>python26</varname> and <varname>python27</varname> do not include modules that require
external dependencies (to reduce dependency bloat). Following modules need to be added as
<varname>buildInput</varname> explicitly:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.bsddb</varname></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.curses</varname></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.curses_panel</varname></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.crypt</varname></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.gdbm</varname></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.sqlite3</varname></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.tkinter</varname></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.readline</varname></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>For convenience <varname>python27Full</varname> and <varname>python26Full</varname>
are provided with all modules included.</para>
<para>
Python packages that
use <link xlink:href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/"><literal>setuptools</literal></link> or <literal>distutils</literal>,
can be built using the <varname>buildPythonPackage</varname> function as documented below.
</para>
<para>
All packages depending on any Python interpreter get appended <varname>$out/${python.sitePackages}</varname>
to <literal>$PYTHONPATH</literal> if such directory exists.
</para>
<variablelist>
<title>
Useful attributes on interpreters packages:
</title>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>libPrefix</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Name of the folder in <literal>${python}/lib/</literal> for corresponding interpreter.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>interpreter</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Alias for <literal>${python}/bin/${executable}.</literal>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>buildEnv</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Function to build python interpreter environments with extra packages bundled together.
See <xref linkend="ssec-python-build-env" /> for usage and documentation.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>sitePackages</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Alias for <literal>lib/${libPrefix}/site-packages</literal>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>executable</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Name of the interpreter executable, ie <literal>python3.4</literal>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<section xml:id="ssec-build-python-package"><title><varname>buildPythonPackage</varname> function</title>
<para>
The function is implemented in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/python-modules/generic/default.nix">
<filename>pkgs/development/python-modules/generic/default.nix</filename></link>.
Example usage:
<programlisting language="nix">
twisted = buildPythonPackage {
name = "twisted-8.1.0";
src = pkgs.fetchurl {
url = http://tmrc.mit.edu/mirror/twisted/Twisted/8.1/Twisted-8.1.0.tar.bz2;
sha256 = "0q25zbr4xzknaghha72mq57kh53qw1bf8csgp63pm9sfi72qhirl";
};
propagatedBuildInputs = [ self.ZopeInterface ];
meta = {
homepage = http://twistedmatrix.com/;
description = "Twisted, an event-driven networking engine written in Python";
license = stdenv.lib.licenses.mit;
};
};
</programlisting>
Most of Python packages that use <varname>buildPythonPackage</varname> are defined
in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix</filename></link>
and generated for each python interpreter separately into attribute sets <varname>python26Packages</varname>,
<varname>python27Packages</varname>, <varname>python35Packages</varname>, <varname>python33Packages</varname>,
<varname>python34Packages</varname> and <varname>pypyPackages</varname>.
</para>
<para>
<function>buildPythonPackage</function> mainly does four things:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
In the <varname>buildPhase</varname>, it calls
<literal>${python.interpreter} setup.py bdist_wheel</literal> to build a wheel binary zipfile.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
In the <varname>installPhase</varname>, it installs the wheel file using
<literal>pip install *.whl</literal>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
In the <varname>postFixup</varname> phase, <literal>wrapPythonPrograms</literal>
bash function is called to wrap all programs in <filename>$out/bin/*</filename>
directory to include <literal>$PYTHONPATH</literal> and <literal>$PATH</literal>
environment variables.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
In the <varname>installCheck</varname> phase, <literal>${python.interpreter} setup.py test</literal>
is ran.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>By default <varname>doCheck = true</varname> is set</para>
<para>
As in Perl, dependencies on other Python packages can be specified in the
<varname>buildInputs</varname> and
<varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname> attributes. If something is
exclusively a build-time dependency, use
<varname>buildInputs</varname>; if it’s (also) a runtime dependency,
use <varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>.
</para>
<para>
By default <varname>meta.platforms</varname> is set to the same value
as the interpreter unless overriden otherwise.
</para>
<variablelist>
<title>
<varname>buildPythonPackage</varname> parameters
(all parameters from <varname>mkDerivation</varname> function are still supported)
</title>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>namePrefix</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Prepended text to <varname>${name}</varname> parameter.
Defaults to <literal>"python3.3-"</literal> for Python 3.3, etc. Set it to
<literal>""</literal>
if you're packaging an application or a command line tool.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>disabled</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
If <varname>true</varname>, package is not build for
particular python interpreter version. Grep around
<filename>pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix</filename>
for examples.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>setupPyBuildFlags</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
List of flags passed to <command>setup.py build_ext</command> command.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>pythonPath</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
List of packages to be added into <literal>$PYTHONPATH</literal>.
Packages in <varname>pythonPath</varname> are not propagated
(contrary to <varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>).
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>preShellHook</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Hook to execute commands before <varname>shellHook</varname>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>postShellHook</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Hook to execute commands after <varname>shellHook</varname>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>makeWrapperArgs</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
A list of strings. Arguments to be passed to
<varname>makeWrapper</varname>, which wraps generated binaries. By
default, the arguments to <varname>makeWrapper</varname> set
<varname>PATH</varname> and <varname>PYTHONPATH</varname> environment
variables before calling the binary. Additional arguments here can
allow a developer to set environment variables which will be
available when the binary is run. For example,
<varname>makeWrapperArgs = ["--set FOO BAR" "--set BAZ QUX"]</varname>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-python-build-env"><title><function>python.buildEnv</function> function</title>
<para>
Create Python environments using low-level <function>pkgs.buildEnv</function> function. Example <filename>default.nix</filename>:
<programlisting language="nix">
<![CDATA[with import <nixpkgs> {};
python.buildEnv.override {
extraLibs = [ pkgs.pythonPackages.pyramid ];
ignoreCollisions = true;
}]]>
</programlisting>
Running <command>nix-build</command> will create
<filename>/nix/store/cf1xhjwzmdki7fasgr4kz6di72ykicl5-python-2.7.8-env</filename>
with wrapped binaries in <filename>bin/</filename>.
</para>
<para>
You can also use <varname>env</varname> attribute to create local
environments with needed packages installed (somewhat comparable to
<literal>virtualenv</literal>). For example, with the following
<filename>shell.nix</filename>:
<programlisting language="nix">
<![CDATA[with import <nixpkgs> {};
(python3.buildEnv.override {
extraLibs = with python3Packages;
[ numpy
requests
];
}).env]]>
</programlisting>
Running <command>nix-shell</command> will drop you into a shell where
<command>python</command> will have specified packages in its path.
</para>
<variablelist>
<title>
<function>python.buildEnv</function> arguments
</title>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>extraLibs</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
List of packages installed inside the environment.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>postBuild</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Shell command executed after the build of environment.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>ignoreCollisions</varname></term>
<listitem><para>
Ignore file collisions inside the environment (default is <varname>false</varname>).
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-python-tools"><title>Tools</title>
<para>Packages inside nixpkgs are written by hand. However many tools
exist in community to help save time. No tool is preferred at the moment.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/proger/python2nix">python2nix</link>
by Vladimir Kirillov
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/garbas/pypi2nix">pypi2nix</link>
by Rok Garbas
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/offlinehacker/pypi2nix">pypi2nix</link>
by Jaka Hudoklin
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-python-development"><title>Development</title>
<para>
To develop Python packages <function>buildPythonPackage</function> has
additional logic inside <varname>shellPhase</varname> to run
<command>pip install -e . --prefix $TMPDIR/</command> for the package.
</para>
<warning><para><varname>shellPhase</varname> is executed only if <filename>setup.py</filename>
exists.</para></warning>
<para>
Given a <filename>default.nix</filename>:
<programlisting language="nix">
<![CDATA[with import <nixpkgs> {};
buildPythonPackage {
name = "myproject";
buildInputs = with pkgs.pythonPackages; [ pyramid ];
src = ./.;
}]]>
</programlisting>
Running <command>nix-shell</command> with no arguments should give you
the environment in which the package would be build with
<command>nix-build</command>.
</para>
<para>
Shortcut to setup environments with C headers/libraries and python packages:
<programlisting language="bash">$ nix-shell -p pythonPackages.pyramid zlib libjpeg git</programlisting>
</para>
<note><para>
There is a boolean value <varname>lib.inNixShell</varname> set to
<varname>true</varname> if nix-shell is invoked.
</para></note>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-python-faq"><title>FAQ</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>How to solve circular dependencies?</term>
<listitem><para>
If you have packages <varname>A</varname> and <varname>B</varname> that
depend on each other, when packaging <varname>B</varname> override package
<varname>A</varname> not to depend on <varname>B</varname> as input
(and also the other way around).
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>install_data / data_files</varname> problems resulting into <literal>error: could not create '/nix/store/6l1bvljpy8gazlsw2aw9skwwp4pmvyxw-python-2.7.8/etc': Permission denied</literal></term>
<listitem><para>
<link xlink:href="https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/issue/130/install_data-doesnt-respect-prefix">
Known bug in setuptools <varname>install_data</varname> does not respect --prefix</link>. Example of
such package using the feature is <filename>pkgs/tools/X11/xpra/default.nix</filename>. As workaround
install it as an extra <varname>preInstall</varname> step:
<programlisting>${python.interpreter} setup.py install_data --install-dir=$out --root=$out
sed -i '/ = data_files/d' setup.py</programlisting>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Rationale of non-existent global site-packages</term>
<listitem><para>
There is no need to have global site-packages in Nix. Each package has isolated
dependency tree and installing any python package will only populate <varname>$PATH</varname>
inside user environment. See <xref linkend="ssec-python-build-env" /> to create self-contained
interpreter with a set of packages.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-python-contrib"><title>Contributing guidelines</title>
<para>
Following rules are desired to be respected:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
Make sure package builds for all python interpreters. Use <varname>disabled</varname> argument to
<function>buildPythonPackage</function> to set unsupported interpreters.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
If tests need to be disabled for a package, make sure you leave a comment about reasoning.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Packages in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix</filename></link>
are sorted quasi-alphabetically to avoid merge conflicts.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-language-qt">
<title>Qt</title>
<para>The information in this section applies to Qt 5.5 and later.</para>
<para>Qt is an application development toolkit for C++. Although it is
not a distinct programming language, there are special considerations
for packaging Qt-based programs and libraries. A small set of tools
and conventions has grown out of these considerations.</para>
<section xml:id="ssec-qt-libraries"><title>Libraries</title>
<para>Packages that provide libraries should be listed in
<varname>qt5LibsFun</varname> so that the library is built with each
Qt version. A set of packages is provided for each version of Qt; for
example, <varname>qt5Libs</varname> always provides libraries built
with the latest version, <varname>qt55Libs</varname> provides
libraries built with Qt 5.5, and so on. To avoid version conflicts, no
top-level attributes are created for these packages.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-qt-programs"><title>Programs</title>
<para>Application packages do not need to be built with every Qt
version. To ensure consistency between the package's dependencies,
call the package with <literal>qt5Libs.callPackage</literal> instead
of the usual <literal>callPackage</literal>. An older version may be
selected in case of incompatibility. For example, to build with Qt
5.5, call the package with
<literal>qt55Libs.callPackage</literal>.</para>
<para>Several environment variables must be set at runtime for Qt
applications to function correctly, including:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><envar>QT_PLUGIN_PATH</envar></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><envar>QML_IMPORT_PATH</envar></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><envar>QML2_IMPORT_PATH</envar></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><envar>XDG_DATA_DIRS</envar></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>To ensure that these are set correctly, the program must be wrapped by
invoking <literal>wrapQtProgram <replaceable>program</replaceable></literal>
during installation (for example, during
<literal>fixupPhase</literal>). <literal>wrapQtProgram</literal>
accepts the same options as <literal>makeWrapper</literal>.
</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-qt-kde"><title>KDE</title>
<para>Many of the considerations above also apply to KDE packages,
especially the need to set the correct environment variables at
runtime. To ensure that this is done, invoke <literal>wrapKDEProgram
<replaceable>program</replaceable></literal> during
installation. <literal>wrapKDEProgram</literal> also generates a
<literal>ksycoca</literal> database so that required data and services
can be found. Like its Qt counterpart,
<literal>wrapKDEProgram</literal> accepts the same options as
<literal>makeWrapper</literal>.</para>
</section>
</section>

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-language-ruby">
<title>Ruby</title>
<para>There currently is support to bundle applications that are packaged as Ruby gems. The utility "bundix" allows you to write a <filename>Gemfile</filename>, let bundler create a <filename>Gemfile.lock</filename>, and then convert
this into a nix expression that contains all Gem dependencies automatically.</para>
<para>For example, to package sensu, we did:</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[$ cd pkgs/servers/monitoring
$ mkdir sensu
$ cat > Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'sensu'
$ bundler package --path /tmp/vendor/bundle
$ $(nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A bundix)/bin/bundix
$ cat > default.nix
{ lib, bundlerEnv, ruby }:
bundlerEnv {
name = "sensu-0.17.1";
inherit ruby;
gemfile = ./Gemfile;
lockfile = ./Gemfile.lock;
gemset = ./gemset.nix;
meta = with lib; {
description = "A monitoring framework that aims to be simple, malleable,
and scalable.";
homepage = http://sensuapp.org/;
license = with licenses; mit;
maintainers = with maintainers; [ theuni ];
platforms = platforms.unix;
};
}]]>
</screen>
<para>Please check in the <filename>Gemfile</filename>, <filename>Gemfile.lock</filename> and the <filename>gemset.nix</filename> so future updates can be run easily.
</para>
</section>

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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<xi:include href="configuration.xml" />
<xi:include href="functions.xml" />
<xi:include href="meta.xml" />
<xi:include href="language-support.xml" />
<xi:include href="languages-frameworks/index.xml" />
<xi:include href="package-notes.xml" />
<xi:include href="coding-conventions.xml" />
<xi:include href="submitting-changes.xml" />