The services systemd-random-seed-save.service and
systemd-update-utmp-shutdown.service from systemd 203 don't work,
because they have a RequiresMountFor dependency on /var/lib and
/var/log. Such a dependency produces a cycle, causing systemd to drop
those services:
Fixing conflicting jobs by deleting job poweroff.target/stop
Deleting job systemd-poweroff.service/stop as dependency of job poweroff.target/stop
Deleting job umount.target/stop as dependency of job systemd-poweroff.service/stop
Deleting job -.mount/start as dependency of job umount.target/stop
Deleting job systemd-random-seed-save.service/start as dependency of job -.mount/start
Deleting job systemd-update-utmp-shutdown.service/start as dependency of job -.mount/start
Dropping the RequiresMountFor doesn't work either, because then
/var/... may have meen unmounted or remounted read-only.
Upstream systemd fixes this by doing the actual work from an ExecStop
action in an already-running service than conflicts with
shutdown.target. So I backported that here. The main consequence is
that wtmp shutdown records now get written properly.
The main lesson: shutdown.target is useless for pulling in services
during shutdown if they need to write anywhere.
"require" is a stronger version of "want",
and just like wantedBy allows you to specify this relation in reverse,
requiredBy does the same.
It may seem pointless to be able to specify these stronger relations in
reverse, because if something is really required, you would expect the
other unit to specify this himself.
However, this is still useful for virtual/automatic units (like
devices) that are created by systemd on demand and hence have no unit
file you can alter.
During a configuration switch, changed units are stopped in the old
configuration, then started in the new configuration (i.e. after
running the activation script and running "systemctl daemon-reload").
This ensures that services are stopped using the ExecStop/ExecStopPost
commands from the old configuration.
However, for some services it's undesirable to stop them; in
particular dhcpcd, which deconfigures its network interfaces when it
stops. This is dangerous when doing remote upgrades - usually things
go right (especially because the switch script ignores SIGHUP), but
not always (see 9aa69885f0). Likewise,
sshd should be kept running for as long as possible to prevent a
lock-out if the switch fails.
So the new option ‘stopIfChanged = false’ causes "systemctl restart"
to be used instead of "systemctl stop" followed by "systemctl start".
This is only proper for services that don't have stop commands. (And
it might not handle dependencies properly in some cases, but I'm not
sure.)
This is mainly useful for specifying mounts that depend on other
units. For example sshfs or davfs need network (and possibly
nameservices).
While systemd makes a distinction between local and remote
filesystems, this only works for in-kernel filesystems such as
nfs and cifs.
fuse-based filesystems (such as sshfs and davs) are classified as
local, so they fail without networking. By explicitly declaring these
mounts as full systemd units (as opposed to having systemd generate
them automatically from /etc/fstab), dependencies can be specified as
on every other unit.
In the future, we can probably port NixOS' filesystems handling to use
these native systemd.mount units and skip /etc/fstab altogether, but
this probably requires additional changes, such as starting systemd
even earlier during boot (stage 1).
Running agetty on ttyS0 interferes with the backdoor, which uses ttyS0
as its standard error. After agetty starts, writes to the stderr file
descriptor will return EIO (though doing "exec 2>/proc/self/fd/2" will
miracuously fix this).
http://hydra.nixos.org/build/3252782
The triggers are just arbitrary strings that are included in the unit
under X-Restart-Triggers. The idea is that if they change between
reconfigurations, switch-to-configuration will restart the unit
because its store path changed. This is mostly useful for services
that implicitly depend on generated files in /etc. Thus you can say
restartTriggers = [ confFile ];
where ‘confFile’ is the derivation that generated the /etc file in
question.
So instead of:
boot.systemd.services."foo".serviceConfig =
''
StartLimitInterval=10
CPUShare=500
'';
you can say:
boot.systemd.services."foo".serviceConfig.StartLimitInterval = 10;
boot.systemd.services."foo".serviceConfig.CPUShare = 500;
This way all unit options are available and users can set/override
options in configuration.nix.
