diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index fbb96361a..f8e28876b 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ class TestHandlers(object):
 
 
 class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         self.state_handler = Mock()
@@ -53,11 +52,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_user_by_req_user_valid_token(self):
-        user_info = {
-            "name": self.test_user,
-            "token_id": "ditto",
-            "device_id": "device",
-        }
+        user_info = {"name": self.test_user, "token_id": "ditto", "device_id": "device"}
         self.store.get_user_by_access_token = Mock(return_value=user_info)
 
         request = Mock(args={})
@@ -76,10 +71,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.failureResultOf(d, AuthError)
 
     def test_get_user_by_req_user_missing_token(self):
-        user_info = {
-            "name": self.test_user,
-            "token_id": "ditto",
-        }
+        user_info = {"name": self.test_user, "token_id": "ditto"}
         self.store.get_user_by_access_token = Mock(return_value=user_info)
 
         request = Mock(args={})
@@ -90,8 +82,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token(self):
         app_service = Mock(
-            token="foobar", url="a_url", sender=self.test_user,
-            ip_range_whitelist=None,
+            token="foobar", url="a_url", sender=self.test_user, ip_range_whitelist=None
         )
         self.store.get_app_service_by_token = Mock(return_value=app_service)
         self.store.get_user_by_access_token = Mock(return_value=None)
@@ -106,8 +97,11 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_good_ip(self):
         from netaddr import IPSet
+
         app_service = Mock(
-            token="foobar", url="a_url", sender=self.test_user,
+            token="foobar",
+            url="a_url",
+            sender=self.test_user,
             ip_range_whitelist=IPSet(["192.168/16"]),
         )
         self.store.get_app_service_by_token = Mock(return_value=app_service)
@@ -122,8 +116,11 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_bad_ip(self):
         from netaddr import IPSet
+
         app_service = Mock(
-            token="foobar", url="a_url", sender=self.test_user,
+            token="foobar",
+            url="a_url",
+            sender=self.test_user,
             ip_range_whitelist=IPSet(["192.168/16"]),
         )
         self.store.get_app_service_by_token = Mock(return_value=app_service)
@@ -160,8 +157,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_valid_user_id(self):
         masquerading_user_id = b"@doppelganger:matrix.org"
         app_service = Mock(
-            token="foobar", url="a_url", sender=self.test_user,
-            ip_range_whitelist=None,
+            token="foobar", url="a_url", sender=self.test_user, ip_range_whitelist=None
         )
         app_service.is_interested_in_user = Mock(return_value=True)
         self.store.get_app_service_by_token = Mock(return_value=app_service)
@@ -174,15 +170,13 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         self.assertEquals(
-            requester.user.to_string(),
-            masquerading_user_id.decode('utf8')
+            requester.user.to_string(), masquerading_user_id.decode('utf8')
         )
 
     def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_bad_user_id(self):
         masquerading_user_id = b"@doppelganger:matrix.org"
         app_service = Mock(
-            token="foobar", url="a_url", sender=self.test_user,
-            ip_range_whitelist=None,
+            token="foobar", url="a_url", sender=self.test_user, ip_range_whitelist=None
         )
         app_service.is_interested_in_user = Mock(return_value=False)
         self.store.get_app_service_by_token = Mock(return_value=app_service)
@@ -201,17 +195,15 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # TODO(danielwh): Remove this mock when we remove the
         # get_user_by_access_token fallback.
         self.store.get_user_by_access_token = Mock(
-            return_value={
-                "name": "@baldrick:matrix.org",
-                "device_id": "device",
-            }
+            return_value={"name": "@baldrick:matrix.org", "device_id": "device"}
         )
 
         user_id = "@baldrick:matrix.org"
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key)
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key,
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user_id,))
@@ -225,15 +217,14 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_guest_user_from_macaroon(self):
-        self.store.get_user_by_id = Mock(return_value={
-            "is_guest": True,
-        })
+        self.store.get_user_by_id = Mock(return_value={"is_guest": True})
 
         user_id = "@baldrick:matrix.org"
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key)
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key,
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user_id,))
@@ -257,7 +248,8 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key)
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key,
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user,))
@@ -277,7 +269,8 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key)
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key,
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
 
@@ -298,7 +291,8 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key + "wrong")
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key + "wrong",
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user,))
@@ -320,7 +314,8 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key)
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key,
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user,))
@@ -347,7 +342,8 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key)
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key,
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user,))
@@ -380,7 +376,8 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key)
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key,
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user_id,))
@@ -401,9 +398,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         token = yield self.hs.handlers.auth_handler.issue_access_token(
             USER_ID, "DEVICE"
         )
-        self.store.add_access_token_to_user.assert_called_with(
-            USER_ID, token, "DEVICE"
-        )
+        self.store.add_access_token_to_user.assert_called_with(USER_ID, token, "DEVICE")
 
         def get_user(tok):
             if token != tok:
@@ -414,10 +409,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 "token_id": 1234,
                 "device_id": "DEVICE",
             }
+
         self.store.get_user_by_access_token = get_user
-        self.store.get_user_by_id = Mock(return_value={
-            "is_guest": False,
-        })
+        self.store.get_user_by_id = Mock(return_value={"is_guest": False})
 
         # check the token works
         request = Mock(args={})
diff --git a/tests/api/test_filtering.py b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
index 836a23fb5..1c2d71052 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_filtering.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_filtering.py
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ def MockEvent(**kwargs):
 
 
 class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         self.mock_federation_resource = MockHttpResource()
@@ -47,9 +46,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_http_client.put_json = DeferredMockCallable()
 
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
-            handlers=None,
-            http_client=self.mock_http_client,
-            keyring=Mock(),
+            handlers=None, http_client=self.mock_http_client, keyring=Mock()
         )
 
         self.filtering = hs.get_filtering()
@@ -64,7 +61,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             {"room": {"timeline": {"limit": 0}, "state": {"not_bars": ["*"]}}},
             {"event_format": "other"},
             {"room": {"not_rooms": ["#foo:pik-test"]}},
-            {"presence": {"senders": ["@bar;pik.test.com"]}}
+            {"presence": {"senders": ["@bar;pik.test.com"]}},
         ]
         for filter in invalid_filters:
             with self.assertRaises(SynapseError) as check_filter_error:
@@ -81,34 +78,34 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     "include_leave": False,
                     "rooms": ["!dee:pik-test"],
                     "not_rooms": ["!gee:pik-test"],
-                    "account_data": {"limit": 0, "types": ["*"]}
+                    "account_data": {"limit": 0, "types": ["*"]},
                 }
             },
             {
                 "room": {
                     "state": {
                         "types": ["m.room.*"],
-                        "not_rooms": ["!726s6s6q:example.com"]
+                        "not_rooms": ["!726s6s6q:example.com"],
                     },
                     "timeline": {
                         "limit": 10,
                         "types": ["m.room.message"],
                         "not_rooms": ["!726s6s6q:example.com"],
-                        "not_senders": ["@spam:example.com"]
+                        "not_senders": ["@spam:example.com"],
                     },
                     "ephemeral": {
                         "types": ["m.receipt", "m.typing"],
                         "not_rooms": ["!726s6s6q:example.com"],
-                        "not_senders": ["@spam:example.com"]
-                    }
+                        "not_senders": ["@spam:example.com"],
+                    },
                 },
                 "presence": {
                     "types": ["m.presence"],
-                    "not_senders": ["@alice:example.com"]
+                    "not_senders": ["@alice:example.com"],
                 },
                 "event_format": "client",
-                "event_fields": ["type", "content", "sender"]
-            }
+                "event_fields": ["type", "content", "sender"],
+            },
         ]
         for filter in valid_filters:
             try:
@@ -121,229 +118,131 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         pass
 
     def test_definition_types_works_with_literals(self):
-        definition = {
-            "types": ["m.room.message", "org.matrix.foo.bar"]
-        }
-        event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
+        definition = {"types": ["m.room.message", "org.matrix.foo.bar"]}
+        event = MockEvent(sender="@foo:bar", type="m.room.message", room_id="!foo:bar")
 
-        self.assertTrue(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
-        )
+        self.assertTrue(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_types_works_with_wildcards(self):
-        definition = {
-            "types": ["m.*", "org.matrix.foo.bar"]
-        }
-        event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertTrue(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
-        )
+        definition = {"types": ["m.*", "org.matrix.foo.bar"]}
+        event = MockEvent(sender="@foo:bar", type="m.room.message", room_id="!foo:bar")
+        self.assertTrue(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_types_works_with_unknowns(self):
-        definition = {
-            "types": ["m.room.message", "org.matrix.foo.bar"]
-        }
+        definition = {"types": ["m.room.message", "org.matrix.foo.bar"]}
         event = MockEvent(
             sender="@foo:bar",
             type="now.for.something.completely.different",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            room_id="!foo:bar",
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_types_works_with_literals(self):
-        definition = {
-            "not_types": ["m.room.message", "org.matrix.foo.bar"]
-        }
-        event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
-        )
+        definition = {"not_types": ["m.room.message", "org.matrix.foo.bar"]}
+        event = MockEvent(sender="@foo:bar", type="m.room.message", room_id="!foo:bar")
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_types_works_with_wildcards(self):
-        definition = {
-            "not_types": ["m.room.message", "org.matrix.*"]
-        }
+        definition = {"not_types": ["m.room.message", "org.matrix.*"]}
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="org.matrix.custom.event",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            sender="@foo:bar", type="org.matrix.custom.event", room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_types_works_with_unknowns(self):
-        definition = {
-            "not_types": ["m.*", "org.*"]
-        }
-        event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="com.nom.nom.nom",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertTrue(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
-        )
+        definition = {"not_types": ["m.*", "org.*"]}
+        event = MockEvent(sender="@foo:bar", type="com.nom.nom.nom", room_id="!foo:bar")
+        self.assertTrue(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_types_takes_priority_over_types(self):
         definition = {
             "not_types": ["m.*", "org.*"],
-            "types": ["m.room.message", "m.room.topic"]
+            "types": ["m.room.message", "m.room.topic"],
         }
-        event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="m.room.topic",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
-        )
+        event = MockEvent(sender="@foo:bar", type="m.room.topic", room_id="!foo:bar")
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_senders_works_with_literals(self):
-        definition = {
-            "senders": ["@flibble:wibble"]
-        }
+        definition = {"senders": ["@flibble:wibble"]}
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@flibble:wibble",
-            type="com.nom.nom.nom",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertTrue(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            sender="@flibble:wibble", type="com.nom.nom.nom", room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
+        self.assertTrue(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_senders_works_with_unknowns(self):
-        definition = {
-            "senders": ["@flibble:wibble"]
-        }
+        definition = {"senders": ["@flibble:wibble"]}
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@challenger:appears",
-            type="com.nom.nom.nom",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            sender="@challenger:appears", type="com.nom.nom.nom", room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_senders_works_with_literals(self):
-        definition = {
-            "not_senders": ["@flibble:wibble"]
-        }
+        definition = {"not_senders": ["@flibble:wibble"]}
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@flibble:wibble",
-            type="com.nom.nom.nom",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            sender="@flibble:wibble", type="com.nom.nom.nom", room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_senders_works_with_unknowns(self):
-        definition = {
-            "not_senders": ["@flibble:wibble"]
-        }
+        definition = {"not_senders": ["@flibble:wibble"]}
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@challenger:appears",
-            type="com.nom.nom.nom",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertTrue(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            sender="@challenger:appears", type="com.nom.nom.nom", room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
+        self.assertTrue(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_senders_takes_priority_over_senders(self):
         definition = {
             "not_senders": ["@misspiggy:muppets"],
-            "senders": ["@kermit:muppets", "@misspiggy:muppets"]
+            "senders": ["@kermit:muppets", "@misspiggy:muppets"],
         }
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@misspiggy:muppets",
-            type="m.room.topic",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            sender="@misspiggy:muppets", type="m.room.topic", room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_rooms_works_with_literals(self):
-        definition = {
-            "rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"]
-        }
+        definition = {"rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"]}
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!secretbase:unknown"
-        )
-        self.assertTrue(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            sender="@foo:bar", type="m.room.message", room_id="!secretbase:unknown"
         )
+        self.assertTrue(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_rooms_works_with_unknowns(self):
-        definition = {
-            "rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"]
-        }
+        definition = {"rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"]}
         event = MockEvent(
             sender="@foo:bar",
             type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!anothersecretbase:unknown"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            room_id="!anothersecretbase:unknown",
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_rooms_works_with_literals(self):
-        definition = {
-            "not_rooms": ["!anothersecretbase:unknown"]
-        }
+        definition = {"not_rooms": ["!anothersecretbase:unknown"]}
         event = MockEvent(
             sender="@foo:bar",
             type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!anothersecretbase:unknown"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            room_id="!anothersecretbase:unknown",
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_rooms_works_with_unknowns(self):
-        definition = {
-            "not_rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"]
-        }
+        definition = {"not_rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"]}
         event = MockEvent(
             sender="@foo:bar",
             type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!anothersecretbase:unknown"
-        )
-        self.assertTrue(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            room_id="!anothersecretbase:unknown",
         )
+        self.assertTrue(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_not_rooms_takes_priority_over_rooms(self):
         definition = {
             "not_rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"],
-            "rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"]
+            "rooms": ["!secretbase:unknown"],
         }
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!secretbase:unknown"
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            sender="@foo:bar", type="m.room.message", room_id="!secretbase:unknown"
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_combined_event(self):
         definition = {
@@ -352,16 +251,14 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "rooms": ["!stage:unknown"],
             "not_rooms": ["!piggyshouse:muppets"],
             "types": ["m.room.message", "muppets.kermit.*"],
-            "not_types": ["muppets.misspiggy.*"]
+            "not_types": ["muppets.misspiggy.*"],
         }
         event = MockEvent(
             sender="@kermit:muppets",  # yup
             type="m.room.message",  # yup
-            room_id="!stage:unknown"  # yup
-        )
-        self.assertTrue(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            room_id="!stage:unknown",  # yup
         )
+        self.assertTrue(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_combined_event_bad_sender(self):
         definition = {
@@ -370,16 +267,14 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "rooms": ["!stage:unknown"],
             "not_rooms": ["!piggyshouse:muppets"],
             "types": ["m.room.message", "muppets.kermit.*"],
-            "not_types": ["muppets.misspiggy.*"]
+            "not_types": ["muppets.misspiggy.*"],
         }
         event = MockEvent(
             sender="@misspiggy:muppets",  # nope
             type="m.room.message",  # yup
-            room_id="!stage:unknown"  # yup
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            room_id="!stage:unknown",  # yup
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_combined_event_bad_room(self):
         definition = {
@@ -388,16 +283,14 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "rooms": ["!stage:unknown"],
             "not_rooms": ["!piggyshouse:muppets"],
             "types": ["m.room.message", "muppets.kermit.*"],
-            "not_types": ["muppets.misspiggy.*"]
+            "not_types": ["muppets.misspiggy.*"],
         }
         event = MockEvent(
             sender="@kermit:muppets",  # yup
             type="m.room.message",  # yup
-            room_id="!piggyshouse:muppets"  # nope
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            room_id="!piggyshouse:muppets",  # nope
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     def test_definition_combined_event_bad_type(self):
         definition = {
@@ -406,37 +299,26 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "rooms": ["!stage:unknown"],
             "not_rooms": ["!piggyshouse:muppets"],
             "types": ["m.room.message", "muppets.kermit.*"],
-            "not_types": ["muppets.misspiggy.*"]
+            "not_types": ["muppets.misspiggy.*"],
         }
         event = MockEvent(
             sender="@kermit:muppets",  # yup
             type="muppets.misspiggy.kisses",  # nope
-            room_id="!stage:unknown"  # yup
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            Filter(definition).check(event)
+            room_id="!stage:unknown",  # yup
         )
+        self.assertFalse(Filter(definition).check(event))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_filter_presence_match(self):
-        user_filter_json = {
-            "presence": {
-                "types": ["m.*"]
-            }
-        }
+        user_filter_json = {"presence": {"types": ["m.*"]}}
         filter_id = yield self.datastore.add_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            user_filter=user_filter_json,
-        )
-        event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="m.profile",
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, user_filter=user_filter_json
         )
+        event = MockEvent(sender="@foo:bar", type="m.profile")
         events = [event]
 
         user_filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            filter_id=filter_id,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=filter_id
         )
 
         results = user_filter.filter_presence(events=events)
@@ -444,15 +326,10 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_filter_presence_no_match(self):
-        user_filter_json = {
-            "presence": {
-                "types": ["m.*"]
-            }
-        }
+        user_filter_json = {"presence": {"types": ["m.*"]}}
 
         filter_id = yield self.datastore.add_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart + "2",
-            user_filter=user_filter_json,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart + "2", user_filter=user_filter_json
         )
         event = MockEvent(
             event_id="$asdasd:localhost",
@@ -462,8 +339,7 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         events = [event]
 
         user_filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart + "2",
-            filter_id=filter_id,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart + "2", filter_id=filter_id
         )
 
         results = user_filter.filter_presence(events=events)
@@ -471,27 +347,15 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_filter_room_state_match(self):
-        user_filter_json = {
-            "room": {
-                "state": {
-                    "types": ["m.*"]
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        user_filter_json = {"room": {"state": {"types": ["m.*"]}}}
         filter_id = yield self.datastore.add_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            user_filter=user_filter_json,
-        )
-        event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="m.room.topic",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, user_filter=user_filter_json
         )
+        event = MockEvent(sender="@foo:bar", type="m.room.topic", room_id="!foo:bar")
         events = [event]
 
         user_filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            filter_id=filter_id,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=filter_id
         )
 
         results = user_filter.filter_room_state(events=events)
@@ -499,27 +363,17 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_filter_room_state_no_match(self):
-        user_filter_json = {
-            "room": {
-                "state": {
-                    "types": ["m.*"]
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        user_filter_json = {"room": {"state": {"types": ["m.*"]}}}
         filter_id = yield self.datastore.add_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            user_filter=user_filter_json,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, user_filter=user_filter_json
         )
         event = MockEvent(
-            sender="@foo:bar",
-            type="org.matrix.custom.event",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
+            sender="@foo:bar", type="org.matrix.custom.event", room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
         events = [event]
 
         user_filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            filter_id=filter_id,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=filter_id
         )
 
         results = user_filter.filter_room_state(events)
@@ -543,45 +397,32 @@ class FilteringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_add_filter(self):
-        user_filter_json = {
-            "room": {
-                "state": {
-                    "types": ["m.*"]
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        user_filter_json = {"room": {"state": {"types": ["m.*"]}}}
 
         filter_id = yield self.filtering.add_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            user_filter=user_filter_json,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, user_filter=user_filter_json
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(filter_id, 0)
-        self.assertEquals(user_filter_json, (
-            yield self.datastore.get_user_filter(
-                user_localpart=user_localpart,
-                filter_id=0,
-            )
-        ))
+        self.assertEquals(
+            user_filter_json,
+            (
+                yield self.datastore.get_user_filter(
+                    user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=0
+                )
+            ),
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_filter(self):
-        user_filter_json = {
-            "room": {
-                "state": {
-                    "types": ["m.*"]
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        user_filter_json = {"room": {"state": {"types": ["m.*"]}}}
 
         filter_id = yield self.datastore.add_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            user_filter=user_filter_json,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, user_filter=user_filter_json
         )
 
         filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=user_localpart,
-            filter_id=filter_id,
+            user_localpart=user_localpart, filter_id=filter_id
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(filter.get_filter_json(), user_filter_json)
diff --git a/tests/api/test_ratelimiting.py b/tests/api/test_ratelimiting.py
index c45b59b36..8933fe3b7 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_ratelimiting.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_ratelimiting.py
@@ -4,17 +4,16 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class TestRatelimiter(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_allowed(self):
         limiter = Ratelimiter()
         allowed, time_allowed = limiter.send_message(
-            user_id="test_id", time_now_s=0, msg_rate_hz=0.1, burst_count=1,
+            user_id="test_id", time_now_s=0, msg_rate_hz=0.1, burst_count=1
         )
         self.assertTrue(allowed)
         self.assertEquals(10., time_allowed)
 
         allowed, time_allowed = limiter.send_message(
-            user_id="test_id", time_now_s=5, msg_rate_hz=0.1, burst_count=1,
+            user_id="test_id", time_now_s=5, msg_rate_hz=0.1, burst_count=1
         )
         self.assertFalse(allowed)
         self.assertEquals(10., time_allowed)
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ class TestRatelimiter(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_pruning(self):
         limiter = Ratelimiter()
         allowed, time_allowed = limiter.send_message(
-            user_id="test_id_1", time_now_s=0, msg_rate_hz=0.1, burst_count=1,
+            user_id="test_id_1", time_now_s=0, msg_rate_hz=0.1, burst_count=1
         )
 
         self.assertIn("test_id_1", limiter.message_counts)
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
index 891e0cc97..4003869ed 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
@@ -24,14 +24,10 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 def _regex(regex, exclusive=True):
-    return {
-        "regex": re.compile(regex),
-        "exclusive": exclusive
-    }
+    return {"regex": re.compile(regex), "exclusive": exclusive}
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.service = ApplicationService(
             id="unique_identifier",
@@ -41,8 +37,8 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             namespaces={
                 ApplicationService.NS_USERS: [],
                 ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS: [],
-                ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES: []
-            }
+                ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES: [],
+            },
         )
         self.event = Mock(
             type="m.something", room_id="!foo:bar", sender="@someone:somewhere"
@@ -52,25 +48,19 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_user_id_prefix_match(self):
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(_regex("@irc_.*"))
         self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
         self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_user_id_prefix_no_match(self):
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(_regex("@irc_.*"))
         self.event.sender = "@someone_else:matrix.org"
         self.assertFalse((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_room_member_is_checked(self):
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(_regex("@irc_.*"))
         self.event.sender = "@someone_else:matrix.org"
         self.event.type = "m.room.member"
         self.event.state_key = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
@@ -98,60 +88,47 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
         )
         self.store.get_aliases_for_room.return_value = [
-            "#irc_foobar:matrix.org", "#athing:matrix.org"
+            "#irc_foobar:matrix.org",
+            "#athing:matrix.org",
         ]
         self.store.get_users_in_room.return_value = []
-        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event, self.store
-        )))
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event, self.store)))
 
     def test_non_exclusive_alias(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
             _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=False)
         )
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_alias(
-            "#irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        ))
+        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_alias("#irc_foobar:matrix.org"))
 
     def test_non_exclusive_room(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
             _regex("!irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=False)
         )
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_room(
-            "!irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        ))
+        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_room("!irc_foobar:matrix.org"))
 
     def test_non_exclusive_user(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
             _regex("@irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=False)
         )
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_user(
-            "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        ))
+        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_exclusive_user("@irc_foobar:matrix.org"))
 
     def test_exclusive_alias(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
             _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=True)
         )
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_alias(
-            "#irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        ))
+        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_alias("#irc_foobar:matrix.org"))
 
     def test_exclusive_user(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
             _regex("@irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=True)
         )
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_user(
-            "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        ))
+        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_user("@irc_foobar:matrix.org"))
 
     def test_exclusive_room(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
             _regex("!irc_.*:matrix.org", exclusive=True)
         )
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_room(
-            "!irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        ))
+        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_exclusive_room("!irc_foobar:matrix.org"))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_alias_no_match(self):
@@ -159,47 +136,36 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
         )
         self.store.get_aliases_for_room.return_value = [
-            "#xmpp_foobar:matrix.org", "#athing:matrix.org"
+            "#xmpp_foobar:matrix.org",
+            "#athing:matrix.org",
         ]
         self.store.get_users_in_room.return_value = []
-        self.assertFalse((yield self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event, self.store
-        )))
+        self.assertFalse((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event, self.store)))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_multiple_matches(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
             _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
         )
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(_regex("@irc_.*"))
         self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
         self.store.get_aliases_for_room.return_value = ["#irc_barfoo:matrix.org"]
         self.store.get_users_in_room.return_value = []
-        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event, self.store
-        )))
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event, self.store)))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_interested_in_self(self):
         # make sure invites get through
         self.service.sender = "@appservice:name"
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(_regex("@irc_.*"))
         self.event.type = "m.room.member"
-        self.event.content = {
-            "membership": "invite"
-        }
+        self.event.content = {"membership": "invite"}
         self.event.state_key = self.service.sender
         self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_member_list_match(self):
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
+        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(_regex("@irc_.*"))
         self.store.get_users_in_room.return_value = [
             "@alice:here",
             "@irc_fo:here",  # AS user
@@ -208,6 +174,6 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store.get_aliases_for_room.return_value = []
 
         self.event.sender = "@xmpp_foobar:matrix.org"
-        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(
-            event=self.event, store=self.store
-        )))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            (yield self.service.is_interested(event=self.event, store=self.store))
+        )
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py b/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
index b9f4863e9..db9f86bda 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ from ..utils import MockClock
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceSchedulerTransactionCtrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.clock = MockClock()
         self.store = Mock()
@@ -38,8 +37,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerTransactionCtrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.recoverer = Mock()
         self.recoverer_fn = Mock(return_value=self.recoverer)
         self.txnctrl = _TransactionController(
-            clock=self.clock, store=self.store, as_api=self.as_api,
-            recoverer_fn=self.recoverer_fn
+            clock=self.clock,
+            store=self.store,
+            as_api=self.as_api,
+            recoverer_fn=self.recoverer_fn,
         )
 
     def test_single_service_up_txn_sent(self):
@@ -54,9 +55,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerTransactionCtrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(ApplicationServiceState.UP)
         )
         txn.send = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(True))
-        self.store.create_appservice_txn = Mock(
-            return_value=defer.succeed(txn)
-        )
+        self.store.create_appservice_txn = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(txn))
 
         # actual call
         self.txnctrl.send(service, events)
@@ -77,9 +76,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerTransactionCtrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store.get_appservice_state = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
         )
-        self.store.create_appservice_txn = Mock(
-            return_value=defer.succeed(txn)
-        )
+        self.store.create_appservice_txn = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(txn))
 
         # actual call
         self.txnctrl.send(service, events)
@@ -104,9 +101,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerTransactionCtrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.store.set_appservice_state = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(True))
         txn.send = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(False))  # fails to send
-        self.store.create_appservice_txn = Mock(
-            return_value=defer.succeed(txn)
-        )
+        self.store.create_appservice_txn = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(txn))
 
         # actual call
         self.txnctrl.send(service, events)
@@ -124,7 +119,6 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerTransactionCtrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceSchedulerRecovererTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.clock = MockClock()
         self.as_api = Mock()
@@ -146,6 +140,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerRecovererTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def take_txn(*args, **kwargs):
             return defer.succeed(txns.pop(0))
+
         self.store.get_oldest_unsent_txn = Mock(side_effect=take_txn)
 
         self.recoverer.recover()
@@ -171,6 +166,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerRecovererTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 return defer.succeed(txns.pop(0))
             else:
                 return defer.succeed(txn)
+
         self.store.get_oldest_unsent_txn = Mock(side_effect=take_txn)
 
         self.recoverer.recover()
@@ -197,7 +193,6 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerRecovererTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceSchedulerQueuerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.txn_ctrl = Mock()
         self.queuer = _ServiceQueuer(self.txn_ctrl, MockClock())
@@ -211,9 +206,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerQueuerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_send_single_event_with_queue(self):
         d = defer.Deferred()
-        self.txn_ctrl.send = Mock(
-            side_effect=lambda x, y: make_deferred_yieldable(d),
-        )
+        self.txn_ctrl.send = Mock(side_effect=lambda x, y: make_deferred_yieldable(d))
         service = Mock(id=4)
         event = Mock(event_id="first")
         event2 = Mock(event_id="second")
@@ -247,6 +240,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerQueuerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def do_send(x, y):
             return make_deferred_yieldable(send_return_list.pop(0))
+
         self.txn_ctrl.send = Mock(side_effect=do_send)
 
         # send events for different ASes and make sure they are sent
diff --git a/tests/config/test_generate.py b/tests/config/test_generate.py
index eb7f0ab12..f88d28a19 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_generate.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_generate.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class ConfigGenerationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
         self.file = os.path.join(self.dir, "homeserver.yaml")
@@ -33,23 +32,30 @@ class ConfigGenerationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         shutil.rmtree(self.dir)
 
     def test_generate_config_generates_files(self):
-        HomeServerConfig.load_or_generate_config("", [
-            "--generate-config",
-            "-c", self.file,
-            "--report-stats=yes",
-            "-H", "lemurs.win"
-        ])
+        HomeServerConfig.load_or_generate_config(
+            "",
+            [
+                "--generate-config",
+                "-c",
+                self.file,
+                "--report-stats=yes",
+                "-H",
+                "lemurs.win",
+            ],
+        )
 
         self.assertSetEqual(
-            set([
-                "homeserver.yaml",
-                "lemurs.win.log.config",
-                "lemurs.win.signing.key",
-                "lemurs.win.tls.crt",
-                "lemurs.win.tls.dh",
-                "lemurs.win.tls.key",
-            ]),
-            set(os.listdir(self.dir))
+            set(
+                [
+                    "homeserver.yaml",
+                    "lemurs.win.log.config",
+                    "lemurs.win.signing.key",
+                    "lemurs.win.tls.crt",
+                    "lemurs.win.tls.dh",
+                    "lemurs.win.tls.key",
+                ]
+            ),
+            set(os.listdir(self.dir)),
         )
 
         self.assert_log_filename_is(
diff --git a/tests/config/test_load.py b/tests/config/test_load.py
index 5c422eff3..d5f177709 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_load.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_load.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class ConfigLoadingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
         print(self.dir)
@@ -43,15 +42,14 @@ class ConfigLoadingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_generates_and_loads_macaroon_secret_key(self):
         self.generate_config()
 
-        with open(self.file,
-                  "r") as f:
+        with open(self.file, "r") as f:
             raw = yaml.load(f)
         self.assertIn("macaroon_secret_key", raw)
 
         config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("", ["-c", self.file])
         self.assertTrue(
             hasattr(config, "macaroon_secret_key"),
-            "Want config to have attr macaroon_secret_key"
+            "Want config to have attr macaroon_secret_key",
         )
         if len(config.macaroon_secret_key) < 5:
             self.fail(
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ class ConfigLoadingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         config = HomeServerConfig.load_or_generate_config("", ["-c", self.file])
         self.assertTrue(
             hasattr(config, "macaroon_secret_key"),
-            "Want config to have attr macaroon_secret_key"
+            "Want config to have attr macaroon_secret_key",
         )
         if len(config.macaroon_secret_key) < 5:
             self.fail(
@@ -80,10 +78,9 @@ class ConfigLoadingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_disable_registration(self):
         self.generate_config()
-        self.add_lines_to_config([
-            "enable_registration: true",
-            "disable_registration: true",
-        ])
+        self.add_lines_to_config(
+            ["enable_registration: true", "disable_registration: true"]
+        )
         # Check that disable_registration clobbers enable_registration.
         config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("", ["-c", self.file])
         self.assertFalse(config.enable_registration)
@@ -92,18 +89,23 @@ class ConfigLoadingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(config.enable_registration)
 
         # Check that either config value is clobbered by the command line.
-        config = HomeServerConfig.load_or_generate_config("", [
-            "-c", self.file, "--enable-registration"
-        ])
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_or_generate_config(
+            "", ["-c", self.file, "--enable-registration"]
+        )
         self.assertTrue(config.enable_registration)
 
     def generate_config(self):
-        HomeServerConfig.load_or_generate_config("", [
-            "--generate-config",
-            "-c", self.file,
-            "--report-stats=yes",
-            "-H", "lemurs.win"
-        ])
+        HomeServerConfig.load_or_generate_config(
+            "",
+            [
+                "--generate-config",
+                "-c",
+                self.file,
+                "--report-stats=yes",
+                "-H",
+                "lemurs.win",
+            ],
+        )
 
     def generate_config_and_remove_lines_containing(self, needle):
         self.generate_config()
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py b/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
index cd11871b8..b2536c1e6 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 # Perform these tests using given secret key so we get entirely deterministic
 # signatures output that we can test against.
-SIGNING_KEY_SEED = decode_base64(
-    "YJDBA9Xnr2sVqXD9Vj7XVUnmFZcZrlw8Md7kMW+3XA1"
-)
+SIGNING_KEY_SEED = decode_base64("YJDBA9Xnr2sVqXD9Vj7XVUnmFZcZrlw8Md7kMW+3XA1")
 
 KEY_ALG = "ed25519"
 KEY_VER = 1
@@ -36,7 +34,6 @@ HOSTNAME = "domain"
 
 
 class EventSigningTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.signing_key = nacl.signing.SigningKey(SIGNING_KEY_SEED)
         self.signing_key.alg = KEY_ALG
@@ -51,7 +48,7 @@ class EventSigningTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 'signatures': {},
                 'type': "X",
                 'unsigned': {'age_ts': 1000000},
-            },
+            }
         )
 
         add_hashes_and_signatures(builder, HOSTNAME, self.signing_key)
@@ -61,8 +58,7 @@ class EventSigningTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, 'hashes'))
         self.assertIn('sha256', event.hashes)
         self.assertEquals(
-            event.hashes['sha256'],
-            "6tJjLpXtggfke8UxFhAKg82QVkJzvKOVOOSjUDK4ZSI",
+            event.hashes['sha256'], "6tJjLpXtggfke8UxFhAKg82QVkJzvKOVOOSjUDK4ZSI"
         )
 
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, 'signatures'))
@@ -77,9 +73,7 @@ class EventSigningTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_sign_message(self):
         builder = EventBuilder(
             {
-                'content': {
-                    'body': "Here is the message content",
-                },
+                'content': {'body': "Here is the message content"},
                 'event_id': "$0:domain",
                 'origin': "domain",
                 'origin_server_ts': 1000000,
@@ -98,8 +92,7 @@ class EventSigningTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, 'hashes'))
         self.assertIn('sha256', event.hashes)
         self.assertEquals(
-            event.hashes['sha256'],
-            "onLKD1bGljeBWQhWZ1kaP9SorVmRQNdN5aM2JYU2n/g",
+            event.hashes['sha256'], "onLKD1bGljeBWQhWZ1kaP9SorVmRQNdN5aM2JYU2n/g"
         )
 
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, 'signatures'))
@@ -108,5 +101,5 @@ class EventSigningTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(
             event.signatures[HOSTNAME][KEY_NAME],
             "Wm+VzmOUOz08Ds+0NTWb1d4CZrVsJSikkeRxh6aCcUw"
-            "u6pNC78FunoD7KNWzqFn241eYHYMGCA5McEiVPdhzBA"
+            "u6pNC78FunoD7KNWzqFn241eYHYMGCA5McEiVPdhzBA",
         )
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
index a9d37fe08..e40681ed1 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ class MockPerspectiveServer(object):
 
     def get_verify_keys(self):
         vk = signedjson.key.get_verify_key(self.key)
-        return {
-            "%s:%s" % (vk.alg, vk.version): vk,
-        }
+        return {"%s:%s" % (vk.alg, vk.version): vk}
 
     def get_signed_key(self, server_name, verify_key):
         key_id = "%s:%s" % (verify_key.alg, verify_key.version)
@@ -47,10 +45,8 @@ class MockPerspectiveServer(object):
             "old_verify_keys": {},
             "valid_until_ts": time.time() * 1000 + 3600,
             "verify_keys": {
-                key_id: {
-                    "key": signedjson.key.encode_verify_key_base64(verify_key)
-                }
-            }
+                key_id: {"key": signedjson.key.encode_verify_key_base64(verify_key)}
+            },
         }
         signedjson.sign.sign_json(res, self.server_name, self.key)
         return res
@@ -62,18 +58,15 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_perspective_server = MockPerspectiveServer()
         self.http_client = Mock()
         self.hs = yield utils.setup_test_homeserver(
-            handlers=None,
-            http_client=self.http_client,
+            handlers=None, http_client=self.http_client
         )
         self.hs.config.perspectives = {
-            self.mock_perspective_server.server_name:
-                self.mock_perspective_server.get_verify_keys()
+            self.mock_perspective_server.server_name: self.mock_perspective_server.get_verify_keys()
         }
 
     def check_context(self, _, expected):
         self.assertEquals(
-            getattr(LoggingContext.current_context(), "request", None),
-            expected
+            getattr(LoggingContext.current_context(), "request", None), expected
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -89,8 +82,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             context_one.request = "one"
 
             wait_1_deferred = kr.wait_for_previous_lookups(
-                ["server1"],
-                {"server1": lookup_1_deferred},
+                ["server1"], {"server1": lookup_1_deferred}
             )
 
             # there were no previous lookups, so the deferred should be ready
@@ -105,8 +97,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             # set off another wait. It should block because the first lookup
             # hasn't yet completed.
             wait_2_deferred = kr.wait_for_previous_lookups(
-                ["server1"],
-                {"server1": lookup_2_deferred},
+                ["server1"], {"server1": lookup_2_deferred}
             )
             self.assertFalse(wait_2_deferred.called)
             # ... so we should have reset the LoggingContext.
@@ -132,21 +123,19 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         persp_resp = {
             "server_keys": [
                 self.mock_perspective_server.get_signed_key(
-                    "server10",
-                    signedjson.key.get_verify_key(key1)
-                ),
+                    "server10", signedjson.key.get_verify_key(key1)
+                )
             ]
         }
         persp_deferred = defer.Deferred()
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def get_perspectives(**kwargs):
-            self.assertEquals(
-                LoggingContext.current_context().request, "11",
-            )
+            self.assertEquals(LoggingContext.current_context().request, "11")
             with logcontext.PreserveLoggingContext():
                 yield persp_deferred
             defer.returnValue(persp_resp)
+
         self.http_client.post_json.side_effect = get_perspectives
 
         with LoggingContext("11") as context_11:
@@ -154,9 +143,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
             # start off a first set of lookups
             res_deferreds = kr.verify_json_objects_for_server(
-                [("server10", json1),
-                 ("server11", {})
-                 ]
+                [("server10", json1), ("server11", {})]
             )
 
             # the unsigned json should be rejected pretty quickly
@@ -172,7 +159,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
             # wait a tick for it to send the request to the perspectives server
             # (it first tries the datastore)
-            yield clock.sleep(1)   # XXX find out why this takes so long!
+            yield clock.sleep(1)  # XXX find out why this takes so long!
             self.http_client.post_json.assert_called_once()
 
             self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), context_11)
@@ -186,7 +173,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.http_client.post_json.return_value = defer.Deferred()
 
                 res_deferreds_2 = kr.verify_json_objects_for_server(
-                    [("server10", json1)],
+                    [("server10", json1)]
                 )
                 yield clock.sleep(1)
                 self.http_client.post_json.assert_not_called()
@@ -207,8 +194,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         key1 = signedjson.key.generate_signing_key(1)
         yield self.hs.datastore.store_server_verify_key(
-            "server9", "", time.time() * 1000,
-            signedjson.key.get_verify_key(key1),
+            "server9", "", time.time() * 1000, signedjson.key.get_verify_key(key1)
         )
         json1 = {}
         signedjson.sign.sign_json(json1, "server9", key1)
diff --git a/tests/events/test_utils.py b/tests/events/test_utils.py
index f51d99419..ff217ca8b 100644
--- a/tests/events/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/events/test_utils.py
@@ -31,25 +31,20 @@ def MockEvent(**kwargs):
 class PruneEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """ Asserts that a new event constructed with `evdict` will look like
     `matchdict` when it is redacted. """
+
     def run_test(self, evdict, matchdict):
-        self.assertEquals(
-            prune_event(FrozenEvent(evdict)).get_dict(),
-            matchdict
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(prune_event(FrozenEvent(evdict)).get_dict(), matchdict)
 
     def test_minimal(self):
         self.run_test(
-            {
-                'type': 'A',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-            },
+            {'type': 'A', 'event_id': '$test:domain'},
             {
                 'type': 'A',
                 'event_id': '$test:domain',
                 'content': {},
                 'signatures': {},
                 'unsigned': {},
-            }
+            },
         )
 
     def test_basic_keys(self):
@@ -70,23 +65,19 @@ class PruneEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 'content': {},
                 'signatures': {},
                 'unsigned': {},
-            }
+            },
         )
 
     def test_unsigned_age_ts(self):
         self.run_test(
-            {
-                'type': 'B',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'unsigned': {'age_ts': 20},
-            },
+            {'type': 'B', 'event_id': '$test:domain', 'unsigned': {'age_ts': 20}},
             {
                 'type': 'B',
                 'event_id': '$test:domain',
                 'content': {},
                 'signatures': {},
                 'unsigned': {'age_ts': 20},
-            }
+            },
         )
 
         self.run_test(
@@ -101,23 +92,19 @@ class PruneEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 'content': {},
                 'signatures': {},
                 'unsigned': {},
-            }
+            },
         )
 
     def test_content(self):
         self.run_test(
-            {
-                'type': 'C',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'content': {'things': 'here'},
-            },
+            {'type': 'C', 'event_id': '$test:domain', 'content': {'things': 'here'}},
             {
                 'type': 'C',
                 'event_id': '$test:domain',
                 'content': {},
                 'signatures': {},
                 'unsigned': {},
-            }
+            },
         )
 
         self.run_test(
@@ -132,27 +119,20 @@ class PruneEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 'content': {'creator': '@2:domain'},
                 'signatures': {},
                 'unsigned': {},
-            }
+            },
         )
 
 
 class SerializeEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def serialize(self, ev, fields):
         return serialize_event(ev, 1479807801915, only_event_fields=fields)
 
     def test_event_fields_works_with_keys(self):
         self.assertEquals(
             self.serialize(
-                MockEvent(
-                    sender="@alice:localhost",
-                    room_id="!foo:bar"
-                ),
-                ["room_id"]
+                MockEvent(sender="@alice:localhost", room_id="!foo:bar"), ["room_id"]
             ),
-            {
-                "room_id": "!foo:bar",
-            }
+            {"room_id": "!foo:bar"},
         )
 
     def test_event_fields_works_with_nested_keys(self):
@@ -161,17 +141,11 @@ class SerializeEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 MockEvent(
                     sender="@alice:localhost",
                     room_id="!foo:bar",
-                    content={
-                        "body": "A message",
-                    },
+                    content={"body": "A message"},
                 ),
-                ["content.body"]
+                ["content.body"],
             ),
-            {
-                "content": {
-                    "body": "A message",
-                }
-            }
+            {"content": {"body": "A message"}},
         )
 
     def test_event_fields_works_with_dot_keys(self):
@@ -180,17 +154,11 @@ class SerializeEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 MockEvent(
                     sender="@alice:localhost",
                     room_id="!foo:bar",
-                    content={
-                        "key.with.dots": {},
-                    },
+                    content={"key.with.dots": {}},
                 ),
-                ["content.key\.with\.dots"]
+                ["content.key\.with\.dots"],
             ),
-            {
-                "content": {
-                    "key.with.dots": {},
-                }
-            }
+            {"content": {"key.with.dots": {}}},
         )
 
     def test_event_fields_works_with_nested_dot_keys(self):
@@ -201,21 +169,12 @@ class SerializeEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     room_id="!foo:bar",
                     content={
                         "not_me": 1,
-                        "nested.dot.key": {
-                            "leaf.key": 42,
-                            "not_me_either": 1,
-                        },
+                        "nested.dot.key": {"leaf.key": 42, "not_me_either": 1},
                     },
                 ),
-                ["content.nested\.dot\.key.leaf\.key"]
+                ["content.nested\.dot\.key.leaf\.key"],
             ),
-            {
-                "content": {
-                    "nested.dot.key": {
-                        "leaf.key": 42,
-                    },
-                }
-            }
+            {"content": {"nested.dot.key": {"leaf.key": 42}}},
         )
 
     def test_event_fields_nops_with_unknown_keys(self):
@@ -224,17 +183,11 @@ class SerializeEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 MockEvent(
                     sender="@alice:localhost",
                     room_id="!foo:bar",
-                    content={
-                        "foo": "bar",
-                    },
+                    content={"foo": "bar"},
                 ),
-                ["content.foo", "content.notexists"]
+                ["content.foo", "content.notexists"],
             ),
-            {
-                "content": {
-                    "foo": "bar",
-                }
-            }
+            {"content": {"foo": "bar"}},
         )
 
     def test_event_fields_nops_with_non_dict_keys(self):
@@ -243,13 +196,11 @@ class SerializeEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 MockEvent(
                     sender="@alice:localhost",
                     room_id="!foo:bar",
-                    content={
-                        "foo": ["I", "am", "an", "array"],
-                    },
+                    content={"foo": ["I", "am", "an", "array"]},
                 ),
-                ["content.foo.am"]
+                ["content.foo.am"],
             ),
-            {}
+            {},
         )
 
     def test_event_fields_nops_with_array_keys(self):
@@ -258,13 +209,11 @@ class SerializeEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 MockEvent(
                     sender="@alice:localhost",
                     room_id="!foo:bar",
-                    content={
-                        "foo": ["I", "am", "an", "array"],
-                    },
+                    content={"foo": ["I", "am", "an", "array"]},
                 ),
-                ["content.foo.1"]
+                ["content.foo.1"],
             ),
-            {}
+            {},
         )
 
     def test_event_fields_all_fields_if_empty(self):
@@ -274,31 +223,21 @@ class SerializeEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     type="foo",
                     event_id="test",
                     room_id="!foo:bar",
-                    content={
-                        "foo": "bar",
-                    },
+                    content={"foo": "bar"},
                 ),
-                []
+                [],
             ),
             {
                 "type": "foo",
                 "event_id": "test",
                 "room_id": "!foo:bar",
-                "content": {
-                    "foo": "bar",
-                },
-                "unsigned": {}
-            }
+                "content": {"foo": "bar"},
+                "unsigned": {},
+            },
         )
 
     def test_event_fields_fail_if_fields_not_str(self):
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.serialize(
-                MockEvent(
-                    room_id="!foo:bar",
-                    content={
-                        "foo": "bar",
-                    },
-                ),
-                ["room_id", 4]
+                MockEvent(room_id="!foo:bar", content={"foo": "bar"}), ["room_id", 4]
             )
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
index c91e25f54..af15f4cc5 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@ from tests import unittest
 @unittest.DEBUG
 class ServerACLsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_blacklisted_server(self):
-        e = _create_acl_event({
-            "allow": ["*"],
-            "deny": ["evil.com"],
-        })
+        e = _create_acl_event({"allow": ["*"], "deny": ["evil.com"]})
         logging.info("ACL event: %s", e.content)
 
         self.assertFalse(server_matches_acl_event("evil.com", e))
@@ -36,10 +33,7 @@ class ServerACLsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(server_matches_acl_event("honestly.not.evil.com", e))
 
     def test_block_ip_literals(self):
-        e = _create_acl_event({
-            "allow_ip_literals": False,
-            "allow": ["*"],
-        })
+        e = _create_acl_event({"allow_ip_literals": False, "allow": ["*"]})
         logging.info("ACL event: %s", e.content)
 
         self.assertFalse(server_matches_acl_event("1.2.3.4", e))
@@ -49,10 +43,12 @@ class ServerACLsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 def _create_acl_event(content):
-    return FrozenEvent({
-        "room_id": "!a:b",
-        "event_id": "$a:b",
-        "type": "m.room.server_acls",
-        "sender": "@a:b",
-        "content": content
-    })
+    return FrozenEvent(
+        {
+            "room_id": "!a:b",
+            "event_id": "$a:b",
+            "type": "m.room.server_acls",
+            "sender": "@a:b",
+            "content": content,
+        }
+    )
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py b/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
index 57c0771cf..ba7148ec0 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
@@ -45,20 +45,18 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         services = [
             self._mkservice(is_interested=False),
             interested_service,
-            self._mkservice(is_interested=False)
+            self._mkservice(is_interested=False),
         ]
 
         self.mock_store.get_app_services = Mock(return_value=services)
         self.mock_store.get_user_by_id = Mock(return_value=[])
 
         event = Mock(
-            sender="@someone:anywhere",
-            type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
+            sender="@someone:anywhere", type="m.room.message", room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
         self.mock_store.get_new_events_for_appservice.side_effect = [
             (0, [event]),
-            (0, [])
+            (0, []),
         ]
         self.mock_as_api.push = Mock()
         yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(0)
@@ -74,21 +72,15 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_store.get_app_services = Mock(return_value=services)
         self.mock_store.get_user_by_id = Mock(return_value=None)
 
-        event = Mock(
-            sender=user_id,
-            type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
+        event = Mock(sender=user_id, type="m.room.message", room_id="!foo:bar")
         self.mock_as_api.push = Mock()
         self.mock_as_api.query_user = Mock()
         self.mock_store.get_new_events_for_appservice.side_effect = [
             (0, [event]),
-            (0, [])
+            (0, []),
         ]
         yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(0)
-        self.mock_as_api.query_user.assert_called_once_with(
-            services[0], user_id
-        )
+        self.mock_as_api.query_user.assert_called_once_with(services[0], user_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_query_user_exists_known_user(self):
@@ -96,25 +88,19 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         services = [self._mkservice(is_interested=True)]
         services[0].is_interested_in_user = Mock(return_value=True)
         self.mock_store.get_app_services = Mock(return_value=services)
-        self.mock_store.get_user_by_id = Mock(return_value={
-            "name": user_id
-        })
+        self.mock_store.get_user_by_id = Mock(return_value={"name": user_id})
 
-        event = Mock(
-            sender=user_id,
-            type="m.room.message",
-            room_id="!foo:bar"
-        )
+        event = Mock(sender=user_id, type="m.room.message", room_id="!foo:bar")
         self.mock_as_api.push = Mock()
         self.mock_as_api.query_user = Mock()
         self.mock_store.get_new_events_for_appservice.side_effect = [
             (0, [event]),
-            (0, [])
+            (0, []),
         ]
         yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(0)
         self.assertFalse(
             self.mock_as_api.query_user.called,
-            "query_user called when it shouldn't have been."
+            "query_user called when it shouldn't have been.",
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -129,7 +115,7 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         services = [
             self._mkservice_alias(is_interested_in_alias=False),
             interested_service,
-            self._mkservice_alias(is_interested_in_alias=False)
+            self._mkservice_alias(is_interested_in_alias=False),
         ]
 
         self.mock_store.get_app_services = Mock(return_value=services)
@@ -140,8 +126,7 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         result = yield self.handler.query_room_alias_exists(room_alias)
 
         self.mock_as_api.query_alias.assert_called_once_with(
-            interested_service,
-            room_alias_str
+            interested_service, room_alias_str
         )
         self.assertEquals(result.room_id, room_id)
         self.assertEquals(result.servers, servers)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
index 8a9bf2d5f..ede01f809 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
@@ -81,9 +81,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_short_term_login_token_gives_user_id(self):
         self.hs.clock.now = 1000
 
-        token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token(
-            "a_user", 5000
-        )
+        token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token("a_user", 5000)
         user_id = yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
             token
         )
@@ -98,17 +96,13 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_short_term_login_token_cannot_replace_user_id(self):
-        token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token(
-            "a_user", 5000
-        )
+        token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token("a_user", 5000)
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon.deserialize(token)
 
         user_id = yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
             macaroon.serialize()
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            "a_user", user_id
-        )
+        self.assertEqual("a_user", user_id)
 
         # add another "user_id" caveat, which might allow us to override the
         # user_id.
@@ -165,7 +159,5 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     def _get_macaroon(self):
-        token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token(
-            "user_a", 5000
-        )
+        token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_short_term_login_token("user_a", 5000)
         return pymacaroons.Macaroon.deserialize(token)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_device.py b/tests/handlers/test_device.py
index 633a0b7f3..d70d64550 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_device.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_device.py
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ user2 = "@theresa:bbb"
 class DeviceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(DeviceTestCase, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.store = None    # type: synapse.storage.DataStore
+        self.store = None  # type: synapse.storage.DataStore
         self.handler = None  # type: synapse.handlers.device.DeviceHandler
-        self.clock = None    # type: utils.MockClock
+        self.clock = None  # type: utils.MockClock
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class DeviceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         res = yield self.handler.check_device_registered(
             user_id="@boris:foo",
             device_id="fco",
-            initial_device_display_name="display name"
+            initial_device_display_name="display name",
         )
         self.assertEqual(res, "fco")
 
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ class DeviceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         res1 = yield self.handler.check_device_registered(
             user_id="@boris:foo",
             device_id="fco",
-            initial_device_display_name="display name"
+            initial_device_display_name="display name",
         )
         self.assertEqual(res1, "fco")
 
         res2 = yield self.handler.check_device_registered(
             user_id="@boris:foo",
             device_id="fco",
-            initial_device_display_name="new display name"
+            initial_device_display_name="new display name",
         )
         self.assertEqual(res2, "fco")
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class DeviceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         device_id = yield self.handler.check_device_registered(
             user_id="@theresa:foo",
             device_id=None,
-            initial_device_display_name="display"
+            initial_device_display_name="display",
         )
 
         dev = yield self.handler.store.get_device("@theresa:foo", device_id)
@@ -87,43 +87,53 @@ class DeviceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         res = yield self.handler.get_devices_by_user(user1)
         self.assertEqual(3, len(res))
-        device_map = {
-            d["device_id"]: d for d in res
-        }
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "user_id": user1,
-            "device_id": "xyz",
-            "display_name": "display 0",
-            "last_seen_ip": None,
-            "last_seen_ts": None,
-        }, device_map["xyz"])
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "user_id": user1,
-            "device_id": "fco",
-            "display_name": "display 1",
-            "last_seen_ip": "ip1",
-            "last_seen_ts": 1000000,
-        }, device_map["fco"])
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "user_id": user1,
-            "device_id": "abc",
-            "display_name": "display 2",
-            "last_seen_ip": "ip3",
-            "last_seen_ts": 3000000,
-        }, device_map["abc"])
+        device_map = {d["device_id"]: d for d in res}
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
+            {
+                "user_id": user1,
+                "device_id": "xyz",
+                "display_name": "display 0",
+                "last_seen_ip": None,
+                "last_seen_ts": None,
+            },
+            device_map["xyz"],
+        )
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
+            {
+                "user_id": user1,
+                "device_id": "fco",
+                "display_name": "display 1",
+                "last_seen_ip": "ip1",
+                "last_seen_ts": 1000000,
+            },
+            device_map["fco"],
+        )
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
+            {
+                "user_id": user1,
+                "device_id": "abc",
+                "display_name": "display 2",
+                "last_seen_ip": "ip3",
+                "last_seen_ts": 3000000,
+            },
+            device_map["abc"],
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_device(self):
         yield self._record_users()
 
         res = yield self.handler.get_device(user1, "abc")
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "user_id": user1,
-            "device_id": "abc",
-            "display_name": "display 2",
-            "last_seen_ip": "ip3",
-            "last_seen_ts": 3000000,
-        }, res)
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
+            {
+                "user_id": user1,
+                "device_id": "abc",
+                "display_name": "display 2",
+                "last_seen_ip": "ip3",
+                "last_seen_ts": 3000000,
+            },
+            res,
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_delete_device(self):
@@ -153,8 +163,7 @@ class DeviceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_update_unknown_device(self):
         update = {"display_name": "new_display"}
         with self.assertRaises(synapse.api.errors.NotFoundError):
-            yield self.handler.update_device("user_id", "unknown_device_id",
-                                             update)
+            yield self.handler.update_device("user_id", "unknown_device_id", update)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _record_users(self):
@@ -168,16 +177,17 @@ class DeviceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self._record_user(user2, "def", "dispkay", "token4", "ip4")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _record_user(self, user_id, device_id, display_name,
-                     access_token=None, ip=None):
+    def _record_user(
+        self, user_id, device_id, display_name, access_token=None, ip=None
+    ):
         device_id = yield self.handler.check_device_registered(
             user_id=user_id,
             device_id=device_id,
-            initial_device_display_name=display_name
+            initial_device_display_name=display_name,
         )
 
         if ip is not None:
             yield self.store.insert_client_ip(
-                user_id,
-                access_token, ip, "user_agent", device_id)
+                user_id, access_token, ip, "user_agent", device_id
+            )
             self.clock.advance_time(1000)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index a35307031..06de9f5ec 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def register_query_handler(query_type, handler):
             self.query_handlers[query_type] = handler
+
         self.mock_registry.register_query_handler = register_query_handler
 
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
@@ -68,10 +69,7 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         result = yield self.handler.get_association(self.my_room)
 
-        self.assertEquals({
-            "room_id": "!8765qwer:test",
-            "servers": ["test"],
-        }, result)
+        self.assertEquals({"room_id": "!8765qwer:test", "servers": ["test"]}, result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_remote_association(self):
@@ -81,16 +79,13 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         result = yield self.handler.get_association(self.remote_room)
 
-        self.assertEquals({
-            "room_id": "!8765qwer:test",
-            "servers": ["test", "remote"],
-        }, result)
+        self.assertEquals(
+            {"room_id": "!8765qwer:test", "servers": ["test", "remote"]}, result
+        )
         self.mock_federation.make_query.assert_called_with(
             destination="remote",
             query_type="directory",
-            args={
-                "room_alias": "#another:remote",
-            },
+            args={"room_alias": "#another:remote"},
             retry_on_dns_fail=False,
             ignore_backoff=True,
         )
@@ -105,7 +100,4 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             {"room_alias": "#your-room:test"}
         )
 
-        self.assertEquals({
-            "room_id": "!8765asdf:test",
-            "servers": ["test"],
-        }, response)
+        self.assertEquals({"room_id": "!8765asdf:test", "servers": ["test"]}, response)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index ca1542236..57ab22845 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -28,14 +28,13 @@ from tests import unittest, utils
 class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(E2eKeysHandlerTestCase, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.hs = None       # type: synapse.server.HomeServer
+        self.hs = None  # type: synapse.server.HomeServer
         self.handler = None  # type: synapse.handlers.e2e_keys.E2eKeysHandler
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         self.hs = yield utils.setup_test_homeserver(
-            handlers=None,
-            federation_client=mock.Mock(),
+            handlers=None, federation_client=mock.Mock()
         )
         self.handler = synapse.handlers.e2e_keys.E2eKeysHandler(self.hs)
 
@@ -54,30 +53,21 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         device_id = "xyz"
         keys = {
             "alg1:k1": "key1",
-            "alg2:k2": {
-                "key": "key2",
-                "signatures": {"k1": "sig1"}
-            },
-            "alg2:k3": {
-                "key": "key3",
-            },
+            "alg2:k2": {"key": "key2", "signatures": {"k1": "sig1"}},
+            "alg2:k3": {"key": "key3"},
         }
 
         res = yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
-            local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": keys},
+            local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": keys}
         )
-        self.assertDictEqual(res, {
-            "one_time_key_counts": {"alg1": 1, "alg2": 2}
-        })
+        self.assertDictEqual(res, {"one_time_key_counts": {"alg1": 1, "alg2": 2}})
 
         # we should be able to change the signature without a problem
         keys["alg2:k2"]["signatures"]["k1"] = "sig2"
         res = yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
-            local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": keys},
+            local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": keys}
         )
-        self.assertDictEqual(res, {
-            "one_time_key_counts": {"alg1": 1, "alg2": 2}
-        })
+        self.assertDictEqual(res, {"one_time_key_counts": {"alg1": 1, "alg2": 2}})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_change_one_time_keys(self):
@@ -87,25 +77,18 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         device_id = "xyz"
         keys = {
             "alg1:k1": "key1",
-            "alg2:k2": {
-                "key": "key2",
-                "signatures": {"k1": "sig1"}
-            },
-            "alg2:k3": {
-                "key": "key3",
-            },
+            "alg2:k2": {"key": "key2", "signatures": {"k1": "sig1"}},
+            "alg2:k3": {"key": "key3"},
         }
 
         res = yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
-            local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": keys},
+            local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": keys}
         )
-        self.assertDictEqual(res, {
-            "one_time_key_counts": {"alg1": 1, "alg2": 2}
-        })
+        self.assertDictEqual(res, {"one_time_key_counts": {"alg1": 1, "alg2": 2}})
 
         try:
             yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
-                local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": {"alg1:k1": "key2"}},
+                local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": {"alg1:k1": "key2"}}
             )
             self.fail("No error when changing string key")
         except errors.SynapseError:
@@ -113,7 +96,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         try:
             yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
-                local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": {"alg2:k3": "key2"}},
+                local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": {"alg2:k3": "key2"}}
             )
             self.fail("No error when replacing dict key with string")
         except errors.SynapseError:
@@ -121,9 +104,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         try:
             yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
-                local_user, device_id, {
-                    "one_time_keys": {"alg1:k1": {"key": "key"}}
-                },
+                local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": {"alg1:k1": {"key": "key"}}}
             )
             self.fail("No error when replacing string key with dict")
         except errors.SynapseError:
@@ -131,13 +112,12 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         try:
             yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
-                local_user, device_id, {
+                local_user,
+                device_id,
+                {
                     "one_time_keys": {
-                        "alg2:k2": {
-                            "key": "key3",
-                            "signatures": {"k1": "sig1"},
-                        }
-                    },
+                        "alg2:k2": {"key": "key3", "signatures": {"k1": "sig1"}}
+                    }
                 },
             )
             self.fail("No error when replacing dict key")
@@ -148,31 +128,20 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_claim_one_time_key(self):
         local_user = "@boris:" + self.hs.hostname
         device_id = "xyz"
-        keys = {
-            "alg1:k1": "key1",
-        }
+        keys = {"alg1:k1": "key1"}
 
         res = yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
-            local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": keys},
+            local_user, device_id, {"one_time_keys": keys}
         )
-        self.assertDictEqual(res, {
-            "one_time_key_counts": {"alg1": 1}
-        })
+        self.assertDictEqual(res, {"one_time_key_counts": {"alg1": 1}})
 
-        res2 = yield self.handler.claim_one_time_keys({
-            "one_time_keys": {
-                local_user: {
-                    device_id: "alg1"
-                }
-            }
-        }, timeout=None)
-        self.assertEqual(res2, {
-            "failures": {},
-            "one_time_keys": {
-                local_user: {
-                    device_id: {
-                        "alg1:k1": "key1"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        })
+        res2 = yield self.handler.claim_one_time_keys(
+            {"one_time_keys": {local_user: {device_id: "alg1"}}}, timeout=None
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            res2,
+            {
+                "failures": {},
+                "one_time_keys": {local_user: {device_id: {"alg1:k1": "key1"}}},
+            },
+        )
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index 121ce7863..fc2b646ba 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         prev_state = UserPresenceState.default(user_id)
         new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-            last_active_ts=now,
+            state=PresenceState.ONLINE, last_active_ts=now
         )
 
         state, persist_and_notify, federation_ping = handle_update(
@@ -54,23 +53,22 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(state.last_federation_update_ts, now)
 
         self.assertEquals(wheel_timer.insert.call_count, 3)
-        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls([
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER
-            ),
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT
-            ),
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_active_ts + LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY
-            ),
-        ], any_order=True)
+        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls(
+            [
+                call(now=now, obj=user_id, then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER),
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT,
+                ),
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_active_ts + LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY,
+                ),
+            ],
+            any_order=True,
+        )
 
     def test_online_to_online(self):
         wheel_timer = Mock()
@@ -79,14 +77,11 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         prev_state = UserPresenceState.default(user_id)
         prev_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-            last_active_ts=now,
-            currently_active=True,
+            state=PresenceState.ONLINE, last_active_ts=now, currently_active=True
         )
 
         new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-            last_active_ts=now,
+            state=PresenceState.ONLINE, last_active_ts=now
         )
 
         state, persist_and_notify, federation_ping = handle_update(
@@ -101,23 +96,22 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(state.last_federation_update_ts, now)
 
         self.assertEquals(wheel_timer.insert.call_count, 3)
-        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls([
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER
-            ),
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT
-            ),
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_active_ts + LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY
-            ),
-        ], any_order=True)
+        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls(
+            [
+                call(now=now, obj=user_id, then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER),
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT,
+                ),
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_active_ts + LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY,
+                ),
+            ],
+            any_order=True,
+        )
 
     def test_online_to_online_last_active_noop(self):
         wheel_timer = Mock()
@@ -132,8 +126,7 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-            last_active_ts=now,
+            state=PresenceState.ONLINE, last_active_ts=now
         )
 
         state, persist_and_notify, federation_ping = handle_update(
@@ -148,23 +141,22 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(state.last_federation_update_ts, now)
 
         self.assertEquals(wheel_timer.insert.call_count, 3)
-        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls([
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER
-            ),
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT
-            ),
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_active_ts + LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY
-            ),
-        ], any_order=True)
+        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls(
+            [
+                call(now=now, obj=user_id, then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER),
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT,
+                ),
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_active_ts + LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY,
+                ),
+            ],
+            any_order=True,
+        )
 
     def test_online_to_online_last_active(self):
         wheel_timer = Mock()
@@ -178,9 +170,7 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             currently_active=True,
         )
 
-        new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-        )
+        new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(state=PresenceState.ONLINE)
 
         state, persist_and_notify, federation_ping = handle_update(
             prev_state, new_state, is_mine=True, wheel_timer=wheel_timer, now=now
@@ -193,18 +183,17 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(state.last_federation_update_ts, now)
 
         self.assertEquals(wheel_timer.insert.call_count, 2)
-        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls([
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER
-            ),
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT
-            )
-        ], any_order=True)
+        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls(
+            [
+                call(now=now, obj=user_id, then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER),
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT,
+                ),
+            ],
+            any_order=True,
+        )
 
     def test_remote_ping_timer(self):
         wheel_timer = Mock()
@@ -213,13 +202,10 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         prev_state = UserPresenceState.default(user_id)
         prev_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-            last_active_ts=now,
+            state=PresenceState.ONLINE, last_active_ts=now
         )
 
-        new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-        )
+        new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(state=PresenceState.ONLINE)
 
         state, persist_and_notify, federation_ping = handle_update(
             prev_state, new_state, is_mine=False, wheel_timer=wheel_timer, now=now
@@ -232,13 +218,16 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(new_state.status_msg, state.status_msg)
 
         self.assertEquals(wheel_timer.insert.call_count, 1)
-        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls([
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_federation_update_ts + FEDERATION_TIMEOUT
-            ),
-        ], any_order=True)
+        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls(
+            [
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_federation_update_ts + FEDERATION_TIMEOUT,
+                )
+            ],
+            any_order=True,
+        )
 
     def test_online_to_offline(self):
         wheel_timer = Mock()
@@ -247,14 +236,10 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         prev_state = UserPresenceState.default(user_id)
         prev_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-            last_active_ts=now,
-            currently_active=True,
+            state=PresenceState.ONLINE, last_active_ts=now, currently_active=True
         )
 
-        new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.OFFLINE,
-        )
+        new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(state=PresenceState.OFFLINE)
 
         state, persist_and_notify, federation_ping = handle_update(
             prev_state, new_state, is_mine=True, wheel_timer=wheel_timer, now=now
@@ -273,14 +258,10 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         prev_state = UserPresenceState.default(user_id)
         prev_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-            last_active_ts=now,
-            currently_active=True,
+            state=PresenceState.ONLINE, last_active_ts=now, currently_active=True
         )
 
-        new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-            state=PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE,
-        )
+        new_state = prev_state.copy_and_replace(state=PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE)
 
         state, persist_and_notify, federation_ping = handle_update(
             prev_state, new_state, is_mine=True, wheel_timer=wheel_timer, now=now
@@ -293,13 +274,16 @@ class PresenceUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(new_state.status_msg, state.status_msg)
 
         self.assertEquals(wheel_timer.insert.call_count, 1)
-        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls([
-            call(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT
-            )
-        ], any_order=True)
+        wheel_timer.insert.assert_has_calls(
+            [
+                call(
+                    now=now,
+                    obj=user_id,
+                    then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT,
+                )
+            ],
+            any_order=True,
+        )
 
 
 class PresenceTimeoutTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -314,9 +298,7 @@ class PresenceTimeoutTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             last_user_sync_ts=now,
         )
 
-        new_state = handle_timeout(
-            state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now
-        )
+        new_state = handle_timeout(state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now)
 
         self.assertIsNotNone(new_state)
         self.assertEquals(new_state.state, PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE)
@@ -332,9 +314,7 @@ class PresenceTimeoutTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             last_user_sync_ts=now - SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT - 1,
         )
 
-        new_state = handle_timeout(
-            state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now
-        )
+        new_state = handle_timeout(state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now)
 
         self.assertIsNotNone(new_state)
         self.assertEquals(new_state.state, PresenceState.OFFLINE)
@@ -369,9 +349,7 @@ class PresenceTimeoutTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             last_federation_update_ts=now - FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL - 1,
         )
 
-        new_state = handle_timeout(
-            state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now
-        )
+        new_state = handle_timeout(state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now)
 
         self.assertIsNotNone(new_state)
         self.assertEquals(new_state, new_state)
@@ -388,9 +366,7 @@ class PresenceTimeoutTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             last_federation_update_ts=now,
         )
 
-        new_state = handle_timeout(
-            state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now
-        )
+        new_state = handle_timeout(state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now)
 
         self.assertIsNone(new_state)
 
@@ -425,9 +401,7 @@ class PresenceTimeoutTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             last_federation_update_ts=now,
         )
 
-        new_state = handle_timeout(
-            state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now
-        )
+        new_state = handle_timeout(state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set(), now=now)
 
         self.assertIsNotNone(new_state)
         self.assertEquals(state, new_state)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
index dc17918a3..9268a6fe2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
@@ -54,9 +54,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             federation_client=self.mock_federation,
             federation_server=Mock(),
             federation_registry=self.mock_registry,
-            ratelimiter=NonCallableMock(spec_set=[
-                "send_message",
-            ])
+            ratelimiter=NonCallableMock(spec_set=["send_message"]),
         )
 
         self.ratelimiter = hs.get_ratelimiter()
@@ -74,9 +72,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_my_name(self):
-        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(
-            self.frank.localpart, "Frank"
-        )
+        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart, "Frank")
 
         displayname = yield self.handler.get_displayname(self.frank)
 
@@ -85,22 +81,18 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_set_my_name(self):
         yield self.handler.set_displayname(
-            self.frank,
-            synapse.types.create_requester(self.frank),
-            "Frank Jr."
+            self.frank, synapse.types.create_requester(self.frank), "Frank Jr."
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(
             (yield self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart)),
-            "Frank Jr."
+            "Frank Jr.",
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_set_my_name_noauth(self):
         d = self.handler.set_displayname(
-            self.frank,
-            synapse.types.create_requester(self.bob),
-            "Frank Jr."
+            self.frank, synapse.types.create_requester(self.bob), "Frank Jr."
         )
 
         yield self.assertFailure(d, AuthError)
@@ -145,11 +137,12 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_set_my_avatar(self):
         yield self.handler.set_avatar_url(
-            self.frank, synapse.types.create_requester(self.frank),
-            "http://my.server/pic.gif"
+            self.frank,
+            synapse.types.create_requester(self.frank),
+            "http://my.server/pic.gif",
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(
             (yield self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.frank.localpart)),
-            "http://my.server/pic.gif"
+            "http://my.server/pic.gif",
         )
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 4ea59a58d..dbec81076 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             profile_handler=Mock(),
         )
         self.macaroon_generator = Mock(
-            generate_access_token=Mock(return_value='secret'))
+            generate_access_token=Mock(return_value='secret')
+        )
         self.hs.get_macaroon_generator = Mock(return_value=self.macaroon_generator)
         self.hs.handlers = RegistrationHandlers(self.hs)
         self.handler = self.hs.get_handlers().registration_handler
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         user_id = "@someone:test"
         requester = create_requester("@as:test")
         result_user_id, result_token = yield self.handler.get_or_create_user(
-            requester, local_part, display_name)
+            requester, local_part, display_name
+        )
         self.assertEquals(result_user_id, user_id)
         self.assertEquals(result_token, 'secret')
 
@@ -73,13 +75,15 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield store.register(
             user_id=frank.to_string(),
             token="jkv;g498752-43gj['eamb!-5",
-            password_hash=None)
+            password_hash=None,
+        )
         local_part = "frank"
         display_name = "Frank"
         user_id = "@frank:test"
         requester = create_requester("@as:test")
         result_user_id, result_token = yield self.handler.get_or_create_user(
-            requester, local_part, display_name)
+            requester, local_part, display_name
+        )
         self.assertEquals(result_user_id, user_id)
         self.assertEquals(result_token, 'secret')
 
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index f422cf3c5..becfa77bf 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -38,23 +38,19 @@ def _expect_edu(destination, edu_type, content, origin="test"):
         "origin": origin,
         "origin_server_ts": 1000000,
         "pdus": [],
-        "edus": [
-            {
-                "edu_type": edu_type,
-                "content": content,
-            }
-        ],
+        "edus": [{"edu_type": edu_type, "content": content}],
     }
 
 
 def _make_edu_json(origin, edu_type, content):
-    return json.dumps(
-        _expect_edu("test", edu_type, content, origin=origin)
-    ).encode('utf8')
+    return json.dumps(_expect_edu("test", edu_type, content, origin=origin)).encode(
+        'utf8'
+    )
 
 
 class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests typing notifications to rooms."""
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         self.clock = MockClock()
@@ -74,18 +70,20 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "test",
             auth=self.auth,
             clock=self.clock,
-            datastore=Mock(spec=[
-                # Bits that Federation needs
-                "prep_send_transaction",
-                "delivered_txn",
-                "get_received_txn_response",
-                "set_received_txn_response",
-                "get_destination_retry_timings",
-                "get_devices_by_remote",
-                # Bits that user_directory needs
-                "get_user_directory_stream_pos",
-                "get_current_state_deltas",
-            ]),
+            datastore=Mock(
+                spec=[
+                    # Bits that Federation needs
+                    "prep_send_transaction",
+                    "delivered_txn",
+                    "get_received_txn_response",
+                    "set_received_txn_response",
+                    "get_destination_retry_timings",
+                    "get_devices_by_remote",
+                    # Bits that user_directory needs
+                    "get_user_directory_stream_pos",
+                    "get_current_state_deltas",
+                ]
+            ),
             state_handler=self.state_handler,
             handlers=Mock(),
             notifier=mock_notifier,
@@ -100,19 +98,16 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.event_source = hs.get_event_sources().sources["typing"]
 
         self.datastore = hs.get_datastore()
-        retry_timings_res = {
-            "destination": "",
-            "retry_last_ts": 0,
-            "retry_interval": 0,
-        }
-        self.datastore.get_destination_retry_timings.return_value = (
-            defer.succeed(retry_timings_res)
+        retry_timings_res = {"destination": "", "retry_last_ts": 0, "retry_interval": 0}
+        self.datastore.get_destination_retry_timings.return_value = defer.succeed(
+            retry_timings_res
         )
 
         self.datastore.get_devices_by_remote.return_value = (0, [])
 
         def get_received_txn_response(*args):
             return defer.succeed(None)
+
         self.datastore.get_received_txn_response = get_received_txn_response
 
         self.room_id = "a-room"
@@ -125,10 +120,12 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def get_joined_hosts_for_room(room_id):
             return set(member.domain for member in self.room_members)
+
         self.datastore.get_joined_hosts_for_room = get_joined_hosts_for_room
 
         def get_current_user_in_room(room_id):
             return set(str(u) for u in self.room_members)
+
         self.state_handler.get_current_user_in_room = get_current_user_in_room
 
         self.datastore.get_user_directory_stream_pos.return_value = (
@@ -136,19 +133,13 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             defer.succeed(1)
         )
 
-        self.datastore.get_current_state_deltas.return_value = (
-            None
-        )
+        self.datastore.get_current_state_deltas.return_value = None
 
         self.auth.check_joined_room = check_joined_room
 
         self.datastore.get_to_device_stream_token = lambda: 0
-        self.datastore.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote = (
-            lambda *args, **kargs: ([], 0)
-        )
-        self.datastore.delete_device_msgs_for_remote = (
-            lambda *args, **kargs: None
-        )
+        self.datastore.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote = lambda *args, **kargs: ([], 0)
+        self.datastore.delete_device_msgs_for_remote = lambda *args, **kargs: None
 
         # Some local users to test with
         self.u_apple = UserID.from_string("@apple:test")
@@ -170,24 +161,23 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             timeout=20000,
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([
-            call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[self.room_id]),
-        ])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls(
+            [call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[self.room_id])]
+        )
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = yield self.event_source.get_new_events(
-            room_ids=[self.room_id],
-            from_key=0,
+            room_ids=[self.room_id], from_key=0
         )
         self.assertEquals(
             events[0],
             [
-                {"type": "m.typing",
-                 "room_id": self.room_id,
-                 "content": {
-                     "user_ids": [self.u_apple.to_string()],
-                 }},
-            ]
+                {
+                    "type": "m.typing",
+                    "room_id": self.room_id,
+                    "content": {"user_ids": [self.u_apple.to_string()]},
+                }
+            ],
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -206,13 +196,13 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                         "room_id": self.room_id,
                         "user_id": self.u_apple.to_string(),
                         "typing": True,
-                    }
+                    },
                 ),
                 json_data_callback=ANY,
                 long_retries=True,
                 backoff_on_404=True,
             ),
-            defer.succeed((200, "OK"))
+            defer.succeed((200, "OK")),
         )
 
         yield self.handler.started_typing(
@@ -240,27 +230,29 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     "room_id": self.room_id,
                     "user_id": self.u_onion.to_string(),
                     "typing": True,
-                }
+                },
             ),
             federation_auth=True,
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([
-            call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[self.room_id]),
-        ])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls(
+            [call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[self.room_id])]
+        )
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = yield self.event_source.get_new_events(
-            room_ids=[self.room_id],
-            from_key=0
+            room_ids=[self.room_id], from_key=0
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(
+            events[0],
+            [
+                {
+                    "type": "m.typing",
+                    "room_id": self.room_id,
+                    "content": {"user_ids": [self.u_onion.to_string()]},
+                }
+            ],
         )
-        self.assertEquals(events[0], [{
-            "type": "m.typing",
-            "room_id": self.room_id,
-            "content": {
-                "user_ids": [self.u_onion.to_string()],
-            },
-        }])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_stopped_typing(self):
@@ -278,17 +270,18 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                         "room_id": self.room_id,
                         "user_id": self.u_apple.to_string(),
                         "typing": False,
-                    }
+                    },
                 ),
                 json_data_callback=ANY,
                 long_retries=True,
                 backoff_on_404=True,
             ),
-            defer.succeed((200, "OK"))
+            defer.succeed((200, "OK")),
         )
 
         # Gut-wrenching
         from synapse.handlers.typing import RoomMember
+
         member = RoomMember(self.room_id, self.u_apple.to_string())
         self.handler._member_typing_until[member] = 1002000
         self.handler._room_typing[self.room_id] = set([self.u_apple.to_string()])
@@ -296,29 +289,29 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 0)
 
         yield self.handler.stopped_typing(
-            target_user=self.u_apple,
-            auth_user=self.u_apple,
-            room_id=self.room_id,
+            target_user=self.u_apple, auth_user=self.u_apple, room_id=self.room_id
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([
-            call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[self.room_id]),
-        ])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls(
+            [call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[self.room_id])]
+        )
 
         yield put_json.await_calls()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = yield self.event_source.get_new_events(
-            room_ids=[self.room_id],
-            from_key=0,
+            room_ids=[self.room_id], from_key=0
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(
+            events[0],
+            [
+                {
+                    "type": "m.typing",
+                    "room_id": self.room_id,
+                    "content": {"user_ids": []},
+                }
+            ],
         )
-        self.assertEquals(events[0], [{
-            "type": "m.typing",
-            "room_id": self.room_id,
-            "content": {
-                "user_ids": [],
-            },
-        }])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_typing_timeout(self):
@@ -333,42 +326,46 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             timeout=10000,
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([
-            call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[self.room_id]),
-        ])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls(
+            [call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[self.room_id])]
+        )
         self.on_new_event.reset_mock()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = yield self.event_source.get_new_events(
-            room_ids=[self.room_id],
-            from_key=0,
+            room_ids=[self.room_id], from_key=0
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(
+            events[0],
+            [
+                {
+                    "type": "m.typing",
+                    "room_id": self.room_id,
+                    "content": {"user_ids": [self.u_apple.to_string()]},
+                }
+            ],
         )
-        self.assertEquals(events[0], [{
-            "type": "m.typing",
-            "room_id": self.room_id,
-            "content": {
-                "user_ids": [self.u_apple.to_string()],
-            },
-        }])
 
         self.clock.advance_time(16)
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([
-            call('typing_key', 2, rooms=[self.room_id]),
-        ])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls(
+            [call('typing_key', 2, rooms=[self.room_id])]
+        )
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 2)
         events = yield self.event_source.get_new_events(
-            room_ids=[self.room_id],
-            from_key=1,
+            room_ids=[self.room_id], from_key=1
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(
+            events[0],
+            [
+                {
+                    "type": "m.typing",
+                    "room_id": self.room_id,
+                    "content": {"user_ids": []},
+                }
+            ],
         )
-        self.assertEquals(events[0], [{
-            "type": "m.typing",
-            "room_id": self.room_id,
-            "content": {
-                "user_ids": [],
-            },
-        }])
 
         # SYN-230 - see if we can still set after timeout
 
@@ -379,20 +376,22 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             timeout=10000,
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([
-            call('typing_key', 3, rooms=[self.room_id]),
-        ])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls(
+            [call('typing_key', 3, rooms=[self.room_id])]
+        )
         self.on_new_event.reset_mock()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 3)
         events = yield self.event_source.get_new_events(
-            room_ids=[self.room_id],
-            from_key=0,
+            room_ids=[self.room_id], from_key=0
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(
+            events[0],
+            [
+                {
+                    "type": "m.typing",
+                    "room_id": self.room_id,
+                    "content": {"user_ids": [self.u_apple.to_string()]},
+                }
+            ],
         )
-        self.assertEquals(events[0], [{
-            "type": "m.typing",
-            "room_id": self.room_id,
-            "content": {
-                "user_ids": [self.u_apple.to_string()],
-            },
-        }])
diff --git a/tests/http/test_endpoint.py b/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
index 60e6a7595..3b0155ed0 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
@@ -39,15 +39,13 @@ class ServerNameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "[1234",
             "underscore_.com",
             "percent%65.com",
-            "1234:5678:80",   # too many colons
+            "1234:5678:80",  # too many colons
         ]
         for i in test_data:
             try:
                 parse_and_validate_server_name(i)
                 self.fail(
-                    "Expected parse_and_validate_server_name('%s') to throw" % (
-                        i,
-                    ),
+                    "Expected parse_and_validate_server_name('%s') to throw" % (i,)
                 )
             except ValueError:
                 pass
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index a103e7be8..c23b6e2cf 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 class TestReplicationClientHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
     """Overrides on_rdata so that we can wait for it to happen"""
+
     def __init__(self, store):
         super(TestReplicationClientHandler, self).__init__(store)
         self._rdata_awaiters = []
@@ -56,9 +57,7 @@ class BaseSlavedStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "blue",
             http_client=None,
             federation_client=Mock(),
-            ratelimiter=NonCallableMock(spec_set=[
-                "send_message",
-            ]),
+            ratelimiter=NonCallableMock(spec_set=["send_message"]),
         )
         self.hs.get_ratelimiter().send_message.return_value = (True, 0)
 
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_account_data.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_account_data.py
index adf226404..87cc2b2fb 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_account_data.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_account_data.py
@@ -29,20 +29,14 @@ class SlavedAccountDataStoreTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_user_account_data(self):
-        yield self.master_store.add_account_data_for_user(
-            USER_ID, TYPE, {"a": 1}
-        )
+        yield self.master_store.add_account_data_for_user(USER_ID, TYPE, {"a": 1})
         yield self.replicate()
         yield self.check(
-            "get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user",
-            [TYPE, USER_ID], {"a": 1}
+            "get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user", [TYPE, USER_ID], {"a": 1}
         )
 
-        yield self.master_store.add_account_data_for_user(
-            USER_ID, TYPE, {"a": 2}
-        )
+        yield self.master_store.add_account_data_for_user(USER_ID, TYPE, {"a": 2})
         yield self.replicate()
         yield self.check(
-            "get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user",
-            [TYPE, USER_ID], {"a": 2}
+            "get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user", [TYPE, USER_ID], {"a": 2}
         )
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py
index f5b47f5ec..622be2eef 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ def patch__eq__(cls):
     def unpatch():
         if eq is not None:
             cls.__eq__ = eq
+
     return unpatch
 
 
@@ -48,10 +49,7 @@ class SlavedEventStoreTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         # Patch up the equality operator for events so that we can check
         # whether lists of events match using assertEquals
-        self.unpatches = [
-            patch__eq__(_EventInternalMetadata),
-            patch__eq__(FrozenEvent),
-        ]
+        self.unpatches = [patch__eq__(_EventInternalMetadata), patch__eq__(FrozenEvent)]
         return super(SlavedEventStoreTestCase, self).setUp()
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -61,33 +59,27 @@ class SlavedEventStoreTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
     def test_get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self):
         create = yield self.persist(type="m.room.create", key="", creator=USER_ID)
         yield self.replicate()
-        yield self.check(
-            "get_latest_event_ids_in_room", (ROOM_ID,), [create.event_id]
-        )
+        yield self.check("get_latest_event_ids_in_room", (ROOM_ID,), [create.event_id])
 
         join = yield self.persist(
-            type="m.room.member", key=USER_ID, membership="join",
+            type="m.room.member",
+            key=USER_ID,
+            membership="join",
             prev_events=[(create.event_id, {})],
         )
         yield self.replicate()
-        yield self.check(
-            "get_latest_event_ids_in_room", (ROOM_ID,), [join.event_id]
-        )
+        yield self.check("get_latest_event_ids_in_room", (ROOM_ID,), [join.event_id])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_redactions(self):
         yield self.persist(type="m.room.create", key="", creator=USER_ID)
         yield self.persist(type="m.room.member", key=USER_ID, membership="join")
 
-        msg = yield self.persist(
-            type="m.room.message", msgtype="m.text", body="Hello"
-        )
+        msg = yield self.persist(type="m.room.message", msgtype="m.text", body="Hello")
         yield self.replicate()
         yield self.check("get_event", [msg.event_id], msg)
 
-        redaction = yield self.persist(
-            type="m.room.redaction", redacts=msg.event_id
-        )
+        redaction = yield self.persist(type="m.room.redaction", redacts=msg.event_id)
         yield self.replicate()
 
         msg_dict = msg.get_dict()
@@ -102,9 +94,7 @@ class SlavedEventStoreTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
         yield self.persist(type="m.room.create", key="", creator=USER_ID)
         yield self.persist(type="m.room.member", key=USER_ID, membership="join")
 
-        msg = yield self.persist(
-            type="m.room.message", msgtype="m.text", body="Hello"
-        )
+        msg = yield self.persist(type="m.room.message", msgtype="m.text", body="Hello")
         yield self.replicate()
         yield self.check("get_event", [msg.event_id], msg)
 
@@ -127,10 +117,19 @@ class SlavedEventStoreTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
             type="m.room.member", key=USER_ID_2, membership="invite"
         )
         yield self.replicate()
-        yield self.check("get_invited_rooms_for_user", [USER_ID_2], [RoomsForUser(
-            ROOM_ID, USER_ID, "invite", event.event_id,
-            event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
-        )])
+        yield self.check(
+            "get_invited_rooms_for_user",
+            [USER_ID_2],
+            [
+                RoomsForUser(
+                    ROOM_ID,
+                    USER_ID,
+                    "invite",
+                    event.event_id,
+                    event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_push_actions_for_user(self):
@@ -146,40 +145,55 @@ class SlavedEventStoreTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
         yield self.check(
             "get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user",
             [ROOM_ID, USER_ID_2, event1.event_id],
-            {"highlight_count": 0, "notify_count": 0}
+            {"highlight_count": 0, "notify_count": 0},
         )
 
         yield self.persist(
-            type="m.room.message", msgtype="m.text", body="world",
+            type="m.room.message",
+            msgtype="m.text",
+            body="world",
             push_actions=[(USER_ID_2, ["notify"])],
         )
         yield self.replicate()
         yield self.check(
             "get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user",
             [ROOM_ID, USER_ID_2, event1.event_id],
-            {"highlight_count": 0, "notify_count": 1}
+            {"highlight_count": 0, "notify_count": 1},
         )
 
         yield self.persist(
-            type="m.room.message", msgtype="m.text", body="world",
-            push_actions=[(USER_ID_2, [
-                "notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": True}
-            ])],
+            type="m.room.message",
+            msgtype="m.text",
+            body="world",
+            push_actions=[
+                (USER_ID_2, ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": True}])
+            ],
         )
         yield self.replicate()
         yield self.check(
             "get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user",
             [ROOM_ID, USER_ID_2, event1.event_id],
-            {"highlight_count": 1, "notify_count": 2}
+            {"highlight_count": 1, "notify_count": 2},
         )
 
     event_id = 0
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def persist(
-        self, sender=USER_ID, room_id=ROOM_ID, type={}, key=None, internal={},
-        state=None, reset_state=False, backfill=False,
-        depth=None, prev_events=[], auth_events=[], prev_state=[], redacts=None,
+        self,
+        sender=USER_ID,
+        room_id=ROOM_ID,
+        type={},
+        key=None,
+        internal={},
+        state=None,
+        reset_state=False,
+        backfill=False,
+        depth=None,
+        prev_events=[],
+        auth_events=[],
+        prev_state=[],
+        redacts=None,
         push_actions=[],
         **content
     ):
@@ -219,34 +233,23 @@ class SlavedEventStoreTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
         self.event_id += 1
 
         if state is not None:
-            state_ids = {
-                key: e.event_id for key, e in state.items()
-            }
+            state_ids = {key: e.event_id for key, e in state.items()}
             context = EventContext.with_state(
-                state_group=None,
-                current_state_ids=state_ids,
-                prev_state_ids=state_ids
+                state_group=None, current_state_ids=state_ids, prev_state_ids=state_ids
             )
         else:
             state_handler = self.hs.get_state_handler()
             context = yield state_handler.compute_event_context(event)
 
         yield self.master_store.add_push_actions_to_staging(
-            event.event_id, {
-                user_id: actions
-                for user_id, actions in push_actions
-            },
+            event.event_id, {user_id: actions for user_id, actions in push_actions}
         )
 
         ordering = None
         if backfill:
-            yield self.master_store.persist_events(
-                [(event, context)], backfilled=True
-            )
+            yield self.master_store.persist_events([(event, context)], backfilled=True)
         else:
-            ordering, _ = yield self.master_store.persist_event(
-                event, context,
-            )
+            ordering, _ = yield self.master_store.persist_event(event, context)
 
         if ordering:
             event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = ordering
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_receipts.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_receipts.py
index e6d670cc1..ae1adeded 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_receipts.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_receipts.py
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ class SlavedReceiptTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
             ROOM_ID, "m.read", USER_ID, [EVENT_ID], {}
         )
         yield self.replicate()
-        yield self.check("get_receipts_for_user", [USER_ID, "m.read"], {
-            ROOM_ID: EVENT_ID
-        })
+        yield self.check(
+            "get_receipts_for_user", [USER_ID, "m.read"], {ROOM_ID: EVENT_ID}
+        )
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py b/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
index d46c27e7e..708dc26e6 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from tests.utils import MockClock
 
 
 class HttpTransactionCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.clock = MockClock()
         self.hs = Mock()
@@ -24,9 +23,7 @@ class HttpTransactionCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_executes_given_function(self):
-        cb = Mock(
-            return_value=defer.succeed(self.mock_http_response)
-        )
+        cb = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(self.mock_http_response))
         res = yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(
             self.mock_key, cb, "some_arg", keyword="arg"
         )
@@ -35,9 +32,7 @@ class HttpTransactionCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_deduplicates_based_on_key(self):
-        cb = Mock(
-            return_value=defer.succeed(self.mock_http_response)
-        )
+        cb = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(self.mock_http_response))
         for i in range(3):  # invoke multiple times
             res = yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(
                 self.mock_key, cb, "some_arg", keyword="arg", changing_args=i
@@ -120,29 +115,18 @@ class HttpTransactionCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_cleans_up(self):
-        cb = Mock(
-            return_value=defer.succeed(self.mock_http_response)
-        )
-        yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(
-            self.mock_key, cb, "an arg"
-        )
+        cb = Mock(return_value=defer.succeed(self.mock_http_response))
+        yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(self.mock_key, cb, "an arg")
         # should NOT have cleaned up yet
         self.clock.advance_time_msec(CLEANUP_PERIOD_MS / 2)
 
-        yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(
-            self.mock_key, cb, "an arg"
-        )
+        yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(self.mock_key, cb, "an arg")
         # still using cache
         cb.assert_called_once_with("an arg")
 
         self.clock.advance_time_msec(CLEANUP_PERIOD_MS)
 
-        yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(
-            self.mock_key, cb, "an arg"
-        )
+        yield self.cache.fetch_or_execute(self.mock_key, cb, "an arg")
         # no longer using cache
         self.assertEqual(cb.call_count, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            cb.call_args_list,
-            [call("an arg",), call("an arg",)]
-        )
+        self.assertEqual(cb.call_args_list, [call("an arg"), call("an arg")])
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_admin.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_admin.py
index fb28883d3..67d9ab94e 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_admin.py
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         mac.  Admin is optional.  Additional checks are done for length and
         type.
         """
+
         def nonce():
             request, channel = make_request("GET", self.url)
             render(request, self.resource, self.clock)
@@ -289,7 +290,9 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual('Invalid password', channel.json_body["error"])
 
         # Must not have null bytes
-        body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce(), "username": "a", "password": u"abcd\u0000"})
+        body = json.dumps(
+            {"nonce": nonce(), "username": "a", "password": u"abcd\u0000"}
+        )
         request, channel = make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
         render(request, self.resource, self.clock)
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
index 50418153f..0316b74fa 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_events.py
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ class EventStreamPermissionsTestCase(RestTestCase):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
             http_client=None,
             federation_client=Mock(),
-            ratelimiter=NonCallableMock(spec_set=[
-                "send_message",
-            ]),
+            ratelimiter=NonCallableMock(spec_set=["send_message"]),
         )
         self.ratelimiter = hs.get_ratelimiter()
         self.ratelimiter.send_message.return_value = (True, 0)
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ class EventStreamPermissionsTestCase(RestTestCase):
         # behaviour is used instead to be consistent with the r0 spec.
         # see issue #2602
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger_get(
-            "/events?access_token=%s" % ("invalid" + self.token, )
+            "/events?access_token=%s" % ("invalid" + self.token,)
         )
         self.assertEquals(401, code, msg=str(response))
 
@@ -98,18 +96,12 @@ class EventStreamPermissionsTestCase(RestTestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_stream_room_permissions(self):
-        room_id = yield self.create_room_as(
-            self.other_user,
-            tok=self.other_token
-        )
+        room_id = yield self.create_room_as(self.other_user, tok=self.other_token)
         yield self.send(room_id, tok=self.other_token)
 
         # invited to room (expect no content for room)
         yield self.invite(
-            room_id,
-            src=self.other_user,
-            targ=self.user_id,
-            tok=self.other_token
+            room_id, src=self.other_user, targ=self.user_id, tok=self.other_token
         )
 
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger_get(
@@ -120,13 +112,16 @@ class EventStreamPermissionsTestCase(RestTestCase):
         # We may get a presence event for ourselves down
         self.assertEquals(
             0,
-            len([
-                c for c in response["chunk"]
-                if not (
-                    c.get("type") == "m.presence"
-                    and c["content"].get("user_id") == self.user_id
-                )
-            ])
+            len(
+                [
+                    c
+                    for c in response["chunk"]
+                    if not (
+                        c.get("type") == "m.presence"
+                        and c["content"].get("user_id") == self.user_id
+                    )
+                ]
+            ),
         )
 
         # joined room (expect all content for room)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
index 0516ce3cf..9ba0ffc19 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
@@ -36,12 +36,14 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         self.mock_resource = MockHttpResource(prefix=PATH_PREFIX)
-        self.mock_handler = Mock(spec=[
-            "get_displayname",
-            "set_displayname",
-            "get_avatar_url",
-            "set_avatar_url",
-        ])
+        self.mock_handler = Mock(
+            spec=[
+                "get_displayname",
+                "set_displayname",
+                "get_avatar_url",
+                "set_avatar_url",
+            ]
+        )
 
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
             "test",
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             resource_for_client=self.mock_resource,
             federation=Mock(),
             federation_client=Mock(),
-            profile_handler=self.mock_handler
+            profile_handler=self.mock_handler,
         )
 
         def _get_user_by_req(request=None, allow_guest=False):
@@ -78,9 +80,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         mocked_set.return_value = defer.succeed(())
 
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "PUT",
-            "/profile/%s/displayname" % (myid),
-            b'{"displayname": "Frank Jr."}'
+            "PUT", "/profile/%s/displayname" % (myid), b'{"displayname": "Frank Jr."}'
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(200, code)
@@ -94,14 +94,12 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         mocked_set.side_effect = AuthError(400, "message")
 
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "PUT", "/profile/%s/displayname" % ("@4567:test"),
-            b'{"displayname": "Frank Jr."}'
+            "PUT",
+            "/profile/%s/displayname" % ("@4567:test"),
+            b'{"displayname": "Frank Jr."}',
         )
 
-        self.assertTrue(
-            400 <= code < 499,
-            msg="code %d is in the 4xx range" % (code)
-        )
+        self.assertTrue(400 <= code < 499, msg="code %d is in the 4xx range" % (code))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_other_name(self):
@@ -121,14 +119,12 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         mocked_set.side_effect = SynapseError(400, "message")
 
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "PUT", "/profile/%s/displayname" % ("@opaque:elsewhere"),
-            b'{"displayname":"bob"}'
+            "PUT",
+            "/profile/%s/displayname" % ("@opaque:elsewhere"),
+            b'{"displayname":"bob"}',
         )
 
-        self.assertTrue(
-            400 <= code <= 499,
-            msg="code %d is in the 4xx range" % (code)
-        )
+        self.assertTrue(400 <= code <= 499, msg="code %d is in the 4xx range" % (code))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_my_avatar(self):
@@ -151,7 +147,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
             "PUT",
             "/profile/%s/avatar_url" % (myid),
-            b'{"avatar_url": "http://my.server/pic.gif"}'
+            b'{"avatar_url": "http://my.server/pic.gif"}',
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(200, code)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_register.py
index 83a23cd8f..6f15d69ec 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_register.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class CreateUserServletTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     Tests for CreateUserRestServlet.
     """
+
     if PY3:
         skip = "Not ported to Python 3."
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
index bddb3302e..7f1a435e7 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ PATH_PREFIX = "/_matrix/client/api/v1"
 
 class RoomTypingTestCase(RestTestCase):
     """ Tests /rooms/$room_id/typing/$user_id REST API. """
+
     user_id = "@sid:red"
 
     user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
@@ -47,9 +48,7 @@ class RoomTypingTestCase(RestTestCase):
             clock=self.clock,
             http_client=None,
             federation_client=Mock(),
-            ratelimiter=NonCallableMock(spec_set=[
-                "send_message",
-            ]),
+            ratelimiter=NonCallableMock(spec_set=["send_message"]),
         )
         self.hs = hs
 
@@ -71,6 +70,7 @@ class RoomTypingTestCase(RestTestCase):
 
         def _insert_client_ip(*args, **kwargs):
             return defer.succeed(None)
+
         hs.get_datastore().insert_client_ip = _insert_client_ip
 
         def get_room_members(room_id):
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ class RoomTypingTestCase(RestTestCase):
                 else:
                     if remotedomains is not None:
                         remotedomains.add(member.domain)
+
         hs.get_room_member_handler().fetch_room_distributions_into = (
             fetch_room_distributions_into
         )
@@ -107,37 +108,42 @@ class RoomTypingTestCase(RestTestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_set_typing(self):
         (code, _) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "PUT", "/rooms/%s/typing/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
-            '{"typing": true, "timeout": 30000}'
+            "PUT",
+            "/rooms/%s/typing/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
+            '{"typing": true, "timeout": 30000}',
         )
         self.assertEquals(200, code)
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = yield self.event_source.get_new_events(
-            from_key=0,
-            room_ids=[self.room_id],
+            from_key=0, room_ids=[self.room_id]
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(
+            events[0],
+            [
+                {
+                    "type": "m.typing",
+                    "room_id": self.room_id,
+                    "content": {"user_ids": [self.user_id]},
+                }
+            ],
         )
-        self.assertEquals(events[0], [{
-            "type": "m.typing",
-            "room_id": self.room_id,
-            "content": {
-                "user_ids": [self.user_id],
-            }
-        }])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_set_not_typing(self):
         (code, _) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "PUT", "/rooms/%s/typing/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
-            '{"typing": false}'
+            "PUT",
+            "/rooms/%s/typing/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
+            '{"typing": false}',
         )
         self.assertEquals(200, code)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_typing_timeout(self):
         (code, _) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "PUT", "/rooms/%s/typing/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
-            '{"typing": true, "timeout": 30000}'
+            "PUT",
+            "/rooms/%s/typing/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
+            '{"typing": true, "timeout": 30000}',
         )
         self.assertEquals(200, code)
 
@@ -148,8 +154,9 @@ class RoomTypingTestCase(RestTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 2)
 
         (code, _) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
-            "PUT", "/rooms/%s/typing/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
-            '{"typing": true, "timeout": 30000}'
+            "PUT",
+            "/rooms/%s/typing/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
+            '{"typing": true, "timeout": 30000}',
         )
         self.assertEquals(200, code)
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
index e3bc5f378..9f862f9df 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
@@ -55,25 +55,39 @@ class RestTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def invite(self, room=None, src=None, targ=None, expect_code=200, tok=None):
-        yield self.change_membership(room=room, src=src, targ=targ, tok=tok,
-                                     membership=Membership.INVITE,
-                                     expect_code=expect_code)
+        yield self.change_membership(
+            room=room,
+            src=src,
+            targ=targ,
+            tok=tok,
+            membership=Membership.INVITE,
+            expect_code=expect_code,
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def join(self, room=None, user=None, expect_code=200, tok=None):
-        yield self.change_membership(room=room, src=user, targ=user, tok=tok,
-                                     membership=Membership.JOIN,
-                                     expect_code=expect_code)
+        yield self.change_membership(
+            room=room,
+            src=user,
+            targ=user,
+            tok=tok,
+            membership=Membership.JOIN,
+            expect_code=expect_code,
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def leave(self, room=None, user=None, expect_code=200, tok=None):
-        yield self.change_membership(room=room, src=user, targ=user, tok=tok,
-                                     membership=Membership.LEAVE,
-                                     expect_code=expect_code)
+        yield self.change_membership(
+            room=room,
+            src=user,
+            targ=user,
+            tok=tok,
+            membership=Membership.LEAVE,
+            expect_code=expect_code,
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def change_membership(self, room, src, targ, membership, tok=None,
-                          expect_code=200):
+    def change_membership(self, room, src, targ, membership, tok=None, expect_code=200):
         temp_id = self.auth_user_id
         self.auth_user_id = src
 
@@ -81,16 +95,15 @@ class RestTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         if tok:
             path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
 
-        data = {
-            "membership": membership
-        }
+        data = {"membership": membership}
 
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
             "PUT", path, json.dumps(data)
         )
         self.assertEquals(
-            expect_code, code,
-            msg="Expected: %d, got: %d, resp: %r" % (expect_code, code, response)
+            expect_code,
+            code,
+            msg="Expected: %d, got: %d, resp: %r" % (expect_code, code, response),
         )
 
         self.auth_user_id = temp_id
@@ -100,17 +113,15 @@ class RestTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         (code, response) = yield self.mock_resource.trigger(
             "POST",
             "/register",
-            json.dumps({
-                "user": user_id,
-                "password": "test",
-                "type": "m.login.password"
-            }))
+            json.dumps(
+                {"user": user_id, "password": "test", "type": "m.login.password"}
+            ),
+        )
         self.assertEquals(200, code, msg=response)
         defer.returnValue(response)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def send(self, room_id, body=None, txn_id=None, tok=None,
-             expect_code=200):
+    def send(self, room_id, body=None, txn_id=None, tok=None, expect_code=200):
         if txn_id is None:
             txn_id = "m%s" % (str(time.time()))
         if body is None:
@@ -132,8 +143,9 @@ class RestTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             actual (dict): The test result. Extra keys will not be checked.
         """
         for key in required:
-            self.assertEquals(required[key], actual[key],
-                              msg="%s mismatch. %s" % (key, actual))
+            self.assertEquals(
+                required[key], actual[key], msg="%s mismatch. %s" % (key, actual)
+            )
 
 
 @attr.s
@@ -156,7 +168,9 @@ class RestHelper(object):
         if tok:
             path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
 
-        request, channel = make_request("POST", path, json.dumps(content).encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = make_request(
+            "POST", path, json.dumps(content).encode('utf8')
+        )
         request.render(self.resource)
         wait_until_result(self.hs.get_reactor(), channel)
 
@@ -204,9 +218,7 @@ class RestHelper(object):
 
         data = {"membership": membership}
 
-        request, channel = make_request(
-            "PUT", path, json.dumps(data).encode('utf8')
-        )
+        request, channel = make_request("PUT", path, json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'))
 
         request.render(self.resource)
         wait_until_result(self.hs.get_reactor(), channel)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
index f6293f11a..9487babac 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
@@ -101,9 +101,7 @@ class RegisterRestServletTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         wait_until_result(self.clock, channel)
 
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"400", channel.result)
-        self.assertEquals(
-            channel.json_body["error"], "Invalid password"
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["error"], "Invalid password")
 
     def test_POST_bad_username(self):
         request_data = json.dumps({"username": 777, "password": "monkey"})
@@ -112,9 +110,7 @@ class RegisterRestServletTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         wait_until_result(self.clock, channel)
 
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"400", channel.result)
-        self.assertEquals(
-            channel.json_body["error"], "Invalid username"
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["error"], "Invalid username")
 
     def test_POST_user_valid(self):
         user_id = "@kermit:muppet"
@@ -157,10 +153,7 @@ class RegisterRestServletTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         wait_until_result(self.clock, channel)
 
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
-        self.assertEquals(
-            channel.json_body["error"],
-            "Registration has been disabled",
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["error"], "Registration has been disabled")
 
     def test_POST_guest_registration(self):
         user_id = "a@b"
@@ -188,6 +181,4 @@ class RegisterRestServletTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         wait_until_result(self.clock, channel)
 
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
-        self.assertEquals(
-            channel.json_body["error"], "Guest access is disabled"
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["error"], "Guest access is disabled")
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
index bf254a260..a86901c2d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
@@ -41,13 +41,11 @@ class MediaStorageTests(unittest.TestCase):
         hs.get_reactor = Mock(return_value=reactor)
         hs.config.media_store_path = self.primary_base_path
 
-        storage_providers = [FileStorageProviderBackend(
-            hs, self.secondary_base_path
-        )]
+        storage_providers = [FileStorageProviderBackend(hs, self.secondary_base_path)]
 
         self.filepaths = MediaFilePaths(self.primary_base_path)
         self.media_storage = MediaStorage(
-            hs, self.primary_base_path, self.filepaths, storage_providers,
+            hs, self.primary_base_path, self.filepaths, storage_providers
         )
 
     def tearDown(self):
diff --git a/tests/server.py b/tests/server.py
index e249668d2..05708be8b 100644
--- a/tests/server.py
+++ b/tests/server.py
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ class ThreadedMemoryReactorClock(MemoryReactorClock):
     """
     A MemoryReactorClock that supports callFromThread.
     """
+
     def callFromThread(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         Make the callback fire in the next reactor iteration.
@@ -184,6 +185,7 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(*args, **kwargs):
         """
         Threadless thread pool.
         """
+
         def start(self):
             pass
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test__base.py b/tests/storage/test__base.py
index 52eff2a10..52eb05bfb 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test__base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test__base.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class CacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.cache = Cache("test")
 
@@ -97,7 +96,6 @@ class CacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class CacheDecoratorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_passthrough(self):
         class A(object):
@@ -180,8 +178,7 @@ class CacheDecoratorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             yield a.func(k)
 
         self.assertTrue(
-            callcount[0] >= 14,
-            msg="Expected callcount >= 14, got %d" % (callcount[0])
+            callcount[0] >= 14, msg="Expected callcount >= 14, got %d" % (callcount[0])
         )
 
     def test_prefill(self):
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index 099861b27..fbb25a884 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         self.as_yaml_files = []
@@ -44,20 +43,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             password_providers=[],
         )
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
-            config=config,
-            federation_sender=Mock(),
-            federation_client=Mock(),
+            config=config, federation_sender=Mock(), federation_client=Mock()
         )
 
         self.as_token = "token1"
         self.as_url = "some_url"
         self.as_id = "as1"
         self._add_appservice(
-            self.as_token,
-            self.as_id,
-            self.as_url,
-            "some_hs_token",
-            "bob"
+            self.as_token, self.as_id, self.as_url, "some_hs_token", "bob"
         )
         self._add_appservice("token2", "as2", "some_url", "some_hs_token", "bob")
         self._add_appservice("token3", "as3", "some_url", "some_hs_token", "bob")
@@ -73,8 +66,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 pass
 
     def _add_appservice(self, as_token, id, url, hs_token, sender):
-        as_yaml = dict(url=url, as_token=as_token, hs_token=hs_token,
-                       id=id, sender_localpart=sender, namespaces={})
+        as_yaml = dict(
+            url=url,
+            as_token=as_token,
+            hs_token=hs_token,
+            id=id,
+            sender_localpart=sender,
+            namespaces={},
+        )
         # use the token as the filename
         with open(as_token, 'w') as outfile:
             outfile.write(yaml.dump(as_yaml))
@@ -85,24 +84,13 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(service, None)
 
     def test_retrieval_of_service(self):
-        stored_service = self.store.get_app_service_by_token(
-            self.as_token
-        )
+        stored_service = self.store.get_app_service_by_token(self.as_token)
         self.assertEquals(stored_service.token, self.as_token)
         self.assertEquals(stored_service.id, self.as_id)
         self.assertEquals(stored_service.url, self.as_url)
-        self.assertEquals(
-            stored_service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES],
-            []
-        )
-        self.assertEquals(
-            stored_service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS],
-            []
-        )
-        self.assertEquals(
-            stored_service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS],
-            []
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(stored_service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES], [])
+        self.assertEquals(stored_service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS], [])
+        self.assertEquals(stored_service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS], [])
 
     def test_retrieval_of_all_services(self):
         services = self.store.get_app_services()
@@ -110,7 +98,6 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         self.as_yaml_files = []
@@ -121,33 +108,15 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             password_providers=[],
         )
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
-            config=config,
-            federation_sender=Mock(),
-            federation_client=Mock(),
+            config=config, federation_sender=Mock(), federation_client=Mock()
         )
         self.db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
 
         self.as_list = [
-            {
-                "token": "token1",
-                "url": "https://matrix-as.org",
-                "id": "id_1"
-            },
-            {
-                "token": "alpha_tok",
-                "url": "https://alpha.com",
-                "id": "id_alpha"
-            },
-            {
-                "token": "beta_tok",
-                "url": "https://beta.com",
-                "id": "id_beta"
-            },
-            {
-                "token": "gamma_tok",
-                "url": "https://gamma.com",
-                "id": "id_gamma"
-            },
+            {"token": "token1", "url": "https://matrix-as.org", "id": "id_1"},
+            {"token": "alpha_tok", "url": "https://alpha.com", "id": "id_alpha"},
+            {"token": "beta_tok", "url": "https://beta.com", "id": "id_beta"},
+            {"token": "gamma_tok", "url": "https://gamma.com", "id": "id_gamma"},
         ]
         for s in self.as_list:
             yield self._add_service(s["url"], s["token"], s["id"])
@@ -157,8 +126,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store = TestTransactionStore(None, hs)
 
     def _add_service(self, url, as_token, id):
-        as_yaml = dict(url=url, as_token=as_token, hs_token="something",
-                       id=id, sender_localpart="a_sender", namespaces={})
+        as_yaml = dict(
+            url=url,
+            as_token=as_token,
+            hs_token="something",
+            id=id,
+            sender_localpart="a_sender",
+            namespaces={},
+        )
         # use the token as the filename
         with open(as_token, 'w') as outfile:
             outfile.write(yaml.dump(as_yaml))
@@ -168,21 +143,21 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         return self.db_pool.runQuery(
             "INSERT INTO application_services_state(as_id, state, last_txn) "
             "VALUES(?,?,?)",
-            (id, state, txn)
+            (id, state, txn),
         )
 
     def _insert_txn(self, as_id, txn_id, events):
         return self.db_pool.runQuery(
             "INSERT INTO application_services_txns(as_id, txn_id, event_ids) "
             "VALUES(?,?,?)",
-            (as_id, txn_id, json.dumps([e.event_id for e in events]))
+            (as_id, txn_id, json.dumps([e.event_id for e in events])),
         )
 
     def _set_last_txn(self, as_id, txn_id):
         return self.db_pool.runQuery(
             "INSERT INTO application_services_state(as_id, last_txn, state) "
             "VALUES(?,?,?)",
-            (as_id, txn_id, ApplicationServiceState.UP)
+            (as_id, txn_id, ApplicationServiceState.UP),
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -193,24 +168,16 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_appservice_state_up(self):
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[0]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP
-        )
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[0]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP)
         service = Mock(id=self.as_list[0]["id"])
         state = yield self.store.get_appservice_state(service)
         self.assertEquals(ApplicationServiceState.UP, state)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_appservice_state_down(self):
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[0]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP
-        )
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[1]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-        )
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[2]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-        )
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[0]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP)
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[1]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[2]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
         service = Mock(id=self.as_list[1]["id"])
         state = yield self.store.get_appservice_state(service)
         self.assertEquals(ApplicationServiceState.DOWN, state)
@@ -225,34 +192,22 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_set_appservices_state_down(self):
         service = Mock(id=self.as_list[1]["id"])
-        yield self.store.set_appservice_state(
-            service,
-            ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-        )
+        yield self.store.set_appservice_state(service, ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
         rows = yield self.db_pool.runQuery(
             "SELECT as_id FROM application_services_state WHERE state=?",
-            (ApplicationServiceState.DOWN,)
+            (ApplicationServiceState.DOWN,),
         )
         self.assertEquals(service.id, rows[0][0])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_set_appservices_state_multiple_up(self):
         service = Mock(id=self.as_list[1]["id"])
-        yield self.store.set_appservice_state(
-            service,
-            ApplicationServiceState.UP
-        )
-        yield self.store.set_appservice_state(
-            service,
-            ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-        )
-        yield self.store.set_appservice_state(
-            service,
-            ApplicationServiceState.UP
-        )
+        yield self.store.set_appservice_state(service, ApplicationServiceState.UP)
+        yield self.store.set_appservice_state(service, ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
+        yield self.store.set_appservice_state(service, ApplicationServiceState.UP)
         rows = yield self.db_pool.runQuery(
             "SELECT as_id FROM application_services_state WHERE state=?",
-            (ApplicationServiceState.UP,)
+            (ApplicationServiceState.UP,),
         )
         self.assertEquals(service.id, rows[0][0])
 
@@ -319,14 +274,13 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         res = yield self.db_pool.runQuery(
             "SELECT last_txn FROM application_services_state WHERE as_id=?",
-            (service.id,)
+            (service.id,),
         )
         self.assertEquals(1, len(res))
         self.assertEquals(txn_id, res[0][0])
 
         res = yield self.db_pool.runQuery(
-            "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE txn_id=?",
-            (txn_id,)
+            "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE txn_id=?", (txn_id,)
         )
         self.assertEquals(0, len(res))
 
@@ -340,17 +294,15 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.store.complete_appservice_txn(txn_id=txn_id, service=service)
 
         res = yield self.db_pool.runQuery(
-            "SELECT last_txn, state FROM application_services_state WHERE "
-            "as_id=?",
-            (service.id,)
+            "SELECT last_txn, state FROM application_services_state WHERE " "as_id=?",
+            (service.id,),
         )
         self.assertEquals(1, len(res))
         self.assertEquals(txn_id, res[0][0])
         self.assertEquals(ApplicationServiceState.UP, res[0][1])
 
         res = yield self.db_pool.runQuery(
-            "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE txn_id=?",
-            (txn_id,)
+            "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE txn_id=?", (txn_id,)
         )
         self.assertEquals(0, len(res))
 
@@ -382,12 +334,8 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_appservices_by_state_single(self):
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[0]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-        )
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[1]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP
-        )
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[0]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[1]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP)
 
         services = yield self.store.get_appservices_by_state(
             ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
@@ -397,18 +345,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_appservices_by_state_multiple(self):
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[0]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-        )
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[1]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP
-        )
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[2]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-        )
-        yield self._set_state(
-            self.as_list[3]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP
-        )
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[0]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[1]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP)
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[2]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
+        yield self._set_state(self.as_list[3]["id"], ApplicationServiceState.UP)
 
         services = yield self.store.get_appservices_by_state(
             ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
@@ -416,20 +356,17 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(2, len(services))
         self.assertEquals(
             set([self.as_list[2]["id"], self.as_list[0]["id"]]),
-            set([services[0].id, services[1].id])
+            set([services[0].id, services[1].id]),
         )
 
 
 # required for ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase tests
-class TestTransactionStore(ApplicationServiceTransactionStore,
-                           ApplicationServiceStore):
-
+class TestTransactionStore(ApplicationServiceTransactionStore, ApplicationServiceStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(TestTransactionStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def _write_config(self, suffix, **kwargs):
         vals = {
             "id": "id" + suffix,
@@ -452,8 +389,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         f2 = self._write_config(suffix="2")
 
         config = Mock(
-            app_service_config_files=[f1, f2], event_cache_size=1,
-            password_providers=[]
+            app_service_config_files=[f1, f2], event_cache_size=1, password_providers=[]
         )
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
             config=config,
@@ -470,8 +406,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         f2 = self._write_config(id="id", suffix="2")
 
         config = Mock(
-            app_service_config_files=[f1, f2], event_cache_size=1,
-            password_providers=[]
+            app_service_config_files=[f1, f2], event_cache_size=1, password_providers=[]
         )
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
             config=config,
@@ -494,8 +429,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         f2 = self._write_config(as_token="as_token", suffix="2")
 
         config = Mock(
-            app_service_config_files=[f1, f2], event_cache_size=1,
-            password_providers=[]
+            app_service_config_files=[f1, f2], event_cache_size=1, password_providers=[]
         )
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
             config=config,
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
index ab1f31057..b4f6baf44 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver()  # type: synapse.server.HomeServer
@@ -51,9 +50,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.store.start_background_update("test_update", {"my_key": 1})
 
         self.update_handler.reset_mock()
-        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(
-            duration_ms * desired_count
-        )
+        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(duration_ms * desired_count)
         self.assertIsNotNone(result)
         self.update_handler.assert_called_once_with(
             {"my_key": 1}, self.store.DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BATCH_SIZE
@@ -67,18 +64,12 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.update_handler.side_effect = update
         self.update_handler.reset_mock()
-        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(
-            duration_ms * desired_count
-        )
+        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(duration_ms * desired_count)
         self.assertIsNotNone(result)
-        self.update_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-            {"my_key": 2}, desired_count
-        )
+        self.update_handler.assert_called_once_with({"my_key": 2}, desired_count)
 
         # third step: we don't expect to be called any more
         self.update_handler.reset_mock()
-        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(
-            duration_ms * desired_count
-        )
+        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(duration_ms * desired_count)
         self.assertIsNone(result)
         self.assertFalse(self.update_handler.called)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_base.py b/tests/storage/test_base.py
index 1d1234ee3..7cb5f0e4c 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_base.py
@@ -40,10 +40,12 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def runInteraction(func, *args, **kwargs):
             return defer.succeed(func(self.mock_txn, *args, **kwargs))
+
         self.db_pool.runInteraction = runInteraction
 
         def runWithConnection(func, *args, **kwargs):
             return defer.succeed(func(self.mock_conn, *args, **kwargs))
+
         self.db_pool.runWithConnection = runWithConnection
 
         config = Mock()
@@ -63,8 +65,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
         yield self.datastore._simple_insert(
-            table="tablename",
-            values={"columname": "Value"}
+            table="tablename", values={"columname": "Value"}
         )
 
         self.mock_txn.execute.assert_called_with(
@@ -78,12 +79,11 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.datastore._simple_insert(
             table="tablename",
             # Use OrderedDict() so we can assert on the SQL generated
-            values=OrderedDict([("colA", 1), ("colB", 2), ("colC", 3)])
+            values=OrderedDict([("colA", 1), ("colB", 2), ("colC", 3)]),
         )
 
         self.mock_txn.execute.assert_called_with(
-            "INSERT INTO tablename (colA, colB, colC) VALUES(?, ?, ?)",
-            (1, 2, 3,)
+            "INSERT INTO tablename (colA, colB, colC) VALUES(?, ?, ?)", (1, 2, 3)
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -92,9 +92,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.__iter__ = Mock(return_value=iter([("Value",)]))
 
         value = yield self.datastore._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="tablename",
-            keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"},
-            retcol="retcol"
+            table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"}, retcol="retcol"
         )
 
         self.assertEquals("Value", value)
@@ -110,13 +108,12 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         ret = yield self.datastore._simple_select_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"},
-            retcols=["colA", "colB", "colC"]
+            retcols=["colA", "colB", "colC"],
         )
 
         self.assertEquals({"colA": 1, "colB": 2, "colC": 3}, ret)
         self.mock_txn.execute.assert_called_with(
-            "SELECT colA, colB, colC FROM tablename WHERE keycol = ?",
-            ["TheKey"]
+            "SELECT colA, colB, colC FROM tablename WHERE keycol = ?", ["TheKey"]
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -128,7 +125,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "Not here"},
             retcols=["colA"],
-            allow_none=True
+            allow_none=True,
         )
 
         self.assertFalse(ret)
@@ -137,20 +134,15 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_select_list(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 3
         self.mock_txn.__iter__ = Mock(return_value=iter([(1,), (2,), (3,)]))
-        self.mock_txn.description = (
-            ("colA", None, None, None, None, None, None),
-        )
+        self.mock_txn.description = (("colA", None, None, None, None, None, None),)
 
         ret = yield self.datastore._simple_select_list(
-            table="tablename",
-            keyvalues={"keycol": "A set"},
-            retcols=["colA"],
+            table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "A set"}, retcols=["colA"]
         )
 
         self.assertEquals([{"colA": 1}, {"colA": 2}, {"colA": 3}], ret)
         self.mock_txn.execute.assert_called_with(
-            "SELECT colA FROM tablename WHERE keycol = ?",
-            ["A set"]
+            "SELECT colA FROM tablename WHERE keycol = ?", ["A set"]
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -160,12 +152,12 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.datastore._simple_update_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"},
-            updatevalues={"columnname": "New Value"}
+            updatevalues={"columnname": "New Value"},
         )
 
         self.mock_txn.execute.assert_called_with(
             "UPDATE tablename SET columnname = ? WHERE keycol = ?",
-            ["New Value", "TheKey"]
+            ["New Value", "TheKey"],
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -175,13 +167,12 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.datastore._simple_update_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues=OrderedDict([("colA", 1), ("colB", 2)]),
-            updatevalues=OrderedDict([("colC", 3), ("colD", 4)])
+            updatevalues=OrderedDict([("colC", 3), ("colD", 4)]),
         )
 
         self.mock_txn.execute.assert_called_with(
-            "UPDATE tablename SET colC = ?, colD = ? WHERE"
-            " colA = ? AND colB = ?",
-            [3, 4, 1, 2]
+            "UPDATE tablename SET colC = ?, colD = ? WHERE" " colA = ? AND colB = ?",
+            [3, 4, 1, 2],
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -189,8 +180,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
         yield self.datastore._simple_delete_one(
-            table="tablename",
-            keyvalues={"keycol": "Go away"},
+            table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "Go away"}
         )
 
         self.mock_txn.execute.assert_called_with(
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
index 7a58c6eb2..ea00bbe84 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.clock.now = 12345678
         user_id = "@user:id"
         yield self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id,
-            "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id",
+            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id"
         )
 
         result = yield self.store.get_last_client_ip_by_device(user_id, "device_id")
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
                 "user_agent": "user_agent",
                 "last_seen": 12345678000,
             },
-            r
+            r,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 50
         user_id = "@user:server"
         yield self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id",
+            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id"
         )
         active = yield self.store._user_last_seen_monthly_active(user_id)
         self.assertFalse(active)
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(lots_of_users)
         )
         yield self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id",
+            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id"
         )
         active = yield self.store._user_last_seen_monthly_active(user_id)
         self.assertFalse(active)
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(active)
 
         yield self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id",
+            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id"
         )
         active = yield self.store._user_last_seen_monthly_active(user_id)
         self.assertTrue(active)
@@ -107,10 +106,10 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(active)
 
         yield self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id",
+            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id"
         )
         yield self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id",
+            user_id, "access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id"
         )
         active = yield self.store._user_last_seen_monthly_active(user_id)
         self.assertTrue(active)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_devices.py b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
index a54cc6bc3..63bc42d9e 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_devices.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
@@ -34,62 +34,58 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_store_new_device(self):
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user_id", "device_id", "display_name"
-        )
+        yield self.store.store_device("user_id", "device_id", "display_name")
 
         res = yield self.store.get_device("user_id", "device_id")
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "user_id": "user_id",
-            "device_id": "device_id",
-            "display_name": "display_name",
-        }, res)
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
+            {
+                "user_id": "user_id",
+                "device_id": "device_id",
+                "display_name": "display_name",
+            },
+            res,
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_devices_by_user(self):
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user_id", "device1", "display_name 1"
-        )
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user_id", "device2", "display_name 2"
-        )
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user_id2", "device3", "display_name 3"
-        )
+        yield self.store.store_device("user_id", "device1", "display_name 1")
+        yield self.store.store_device("user_id", "device2", "display_name 2")
+        yield self.store.store_device("user_id2", "device3", "display_name 3")
 
         res = yield self.store.get_devices_by_user("user_id")
         self.assertEqual(2, len(res.keys()))
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "user_id": "user_id",
-            "device_id": "device1",
-            "display_name": "display_name 1",
-        }, res["device1"])
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "user_id": "user_id",
-            "device_id": "device2",
-            "display_name": "display_name 2",
-        }, res["device2"])
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
+            {
+                "user_id": "user_id",
+                "device_id": "device1",
+                "display_name": "display_name 1",
+            },
+            res["device1"],
+        )
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
+            {
+                "user_id": "user_id",
+                "device_id": "device2",
+                "display_name": "display_name 2",
+            },
+            res["device2"],
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_update_device(self):
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user_id", "device_id", "display_name 1"
-        )
+        yield self.store.store_device("user_id", "device_id", "display_name 1")
 
         res = yield self.store.get_device("user_id", "device_id")
         self.assertEqual("display_name 1", res["display_name"])
 
         # do a no-op first
-        yield self.store.update_device(
-            "user_id", "device_id",
-        )
+        yield self.store.update_device("user_id", "device_id")
         res = yield self.store.get_device("user_id", "device_id")
         self.assertEqual("display_name 1", res["display_name"])
 
         # do the update
         yield self.store.update_device(
-            "user_id", "device_id",
-            new_display_name="display_name 2",
+            "user_id", "device_id", new_display_name="display_name 2"
         )
 
         # check it worked
@@ -100,7 +96,6 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
     def test_update_unknown_device(self):
         with self.assertRaises(synapse.api.errors.StoreError) as cm:
             yield self.store.update_device(
-                "user_id", "unknown_device_id",
-                new_display_name="display_name 2",
+                "user_id", "unknown_device_id", new_display_name="display_name 2"
             )
         self.assertEqual(404, cm.exception.code)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_directory.py b/tests/storage/test_directory.py
index 129ebaf34..9a8ba2fcf 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_directory.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class DirectoryStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver()
@@ -37,38 +36,29 @@ class DirectoryStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_room_to_alias(self):
         yield self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-            room_alias=self.alias,
-            room_id=self.room.to_string(),
-            servers=["test"],
+            room_alias=self.alias, room_id=self.room.to_string(), servers=["test"]
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(
             ["#my-room:test"],
-            (yield self.store.get_aliases_for_room(self.room.to_string()))
+            (yield self.store.get_aliases_for_room(self.room.to_string())),
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_alias_to_room(self):
         yield self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-            room_alias=self.alias,
-            room_id=self.room.to_string(),
-            servers=["test"],
+            room_alias=self.alias, room_id=self.room.to_string(), servers=["test"]
         )
 
         self.assertObjectHasAttributes(
-            {
-                "room_id": self.room.to_string(),
-                "servers": ["test"],
-            },
-            (yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(self.alias))
+            {"room_id": self.room.to_string(), "servers": ["test"]},
+            (yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(self.alias)),
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_delete_alias(self):
         yield self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-            room_alias=self.alias,
-            room_id=self.room.to_string(),
-            servers=["test"],
+            room_alias=self.alias, room_id=self.room.to_string(), servers=["test"]
         )
 
         room_id = yield self.store.delete_room_alias(self.alias)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
index 84ce492a2..d45c775c2 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -35,70 +35,49 @@ class EndToEndKeyStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         now = 1470174257070
         json = {"key": "value"}
 
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user", "device", None
-        )
+        yield self.store.store_device("user", "device", None)
 
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys(
-            "user", "device", now, json)
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user", "device", now, json)
 
         res = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys((("user", "device"),))
         self.assertIn("user", res)
         self.assertIn("device", res["user"])
         dev = res["user"]["device"]
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "keys": json,
-            "device_display_name": None,
-        }, dev)
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset({"keys": json, "device_display_name": None}, dev)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_key_with_device_name(self):
         now = 1470174257070
         json = {"key": "value"}
 
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys(
-            "user", "device", now, json)
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user", "device", "display_name"
-        )
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user", "device", now, json)
+        yield self.store.store_device("user", "device", "display_name")
 
         res = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys((("user", "device"),))
         self.assertIn("user", res)
         self.assertIn("device", res["user"])
         dev = res["user"]["device"]
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({
-            "keys": json,
-            "device_display_name": "display_name",
-        }, dev)
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
+            {"keys": json, "device_display_name": "display_name"}, dev
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_multiple_devices(self):
         now = 1470174257070
 
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user1", "device1", None
-        )
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user1", "device2", None
-        )
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user2", "device1", None
-        )
-        yield self.store.store_device(
-            "user2", "device2", None
-        )
+        yield self.store.store_device("user1", "device1", None)
+        yield self.store.store_device("user1", "device2", None)
+        yield self.store.store_device("user2", "device1", None)
+        yield self.store.store_device("user2", "device2", None)
 
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys(
-            "user1", "device1", now, 'json11')
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys(
-            "user1", "device2", now, 'json12')
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys(
-            "user2", "device1", now, 'json21')
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys(
-            "user2", "device2", now, 'json22')
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device1", now, 'json11')
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device2", now, 'json12')
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device1", now, 'json21')
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device2", now, 'json22')
 
-        res = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys((("user1", "device1"),
-                                                    ("user2", "device2")))
+        res = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys(
+            (("user1", "device1"), ("user2", "device2"))
+        )
         self.assertIn("user1", res)
         self.assertIn("device1", res["user1"])
         self.assertNotIn("device2", res["user1"])
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
index 69412c5aa..66eb11958 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
@@ -33,23 +33,32 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         def insert_event(txn, i):
             event_id = '$event_%i:local' % i
 
-            txn.execute((
-                "INSERT INTO events ("
-                "   room_id, event_id, type, depth, topological_ordering,"
-                "   content, processed, outlier) "
-                "VALUES (?, ?, 'm.test', ?, ?, 'test', ?, ?)"
-            ), (room_id, event_id, i, i, True, False))
+            txn.execute(
+                (
+                    "INSERT INTO events ("
+                    "   room_id, event_id, type, depth, topological_ordering,"
+                    "   content, processed, outlier) "
+                    "VALUES (?, ?, 'm.test', ?, ?, 'test', ?, ?)"
+                ),
+                (room_id, event_id, i, i, True, False),
+            )
 
-            txn.execute((
-                'INSERT INTO event_forward_extremities (room_id, event_id) '
-                'VALUES (?, ?)'
-            ), (room_id, event_id))
+            txn.execute(
+                (
+                    'INSERT INTO event_forward_extremities (room_id, event_id) '
+                    'VALUES (?, ?)'
+                ),
+                (room_id, event_id),
+            )
 
-            txn.execute((
-                'INSERT INTO event_reference_hashes '
-                '(event_id, algorithm, hash) '
-                "VALUES (?, 'sha256', ?)"
-            ), (event_id, b'ffff'))
+            txn.execute(
+                (
+                    'INSERT INTO event_reference_hashes '
+                    '(event_id, algorithm, hash) '
+                    "VALUES (?, 'sha256', ?)"
+                ),
+                (event_id, b'ffff'),
+            )
 
         for i in range(0, 11):
             yield self.store.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
index 8430fc7ba..5e87b4530 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@ USER_ID = "@user:example.com"
 
 PlAIN_NOTIF = ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False}]
 HIGHLIGHT = [
-    "notify", {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"}, {"set_tweak": "highlight"}
+    "notify",
+    {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
+    {"set_tweak": "highlight"},
 ]
 
 
 class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield tests.utils.setup_test_homeserver()
@@ -55,12 +56,11 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def _assert_counts(noitf_count, highlight_count):
             counts = yield self.store.runInteraction(
-                "", self.store._get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn,
-                room_id, user_id, 0
+                "", self.store._get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn, room_id, user_id, 0
             )
             self.assertEquals(
                 counts,
-                {"notify_count": noitf_count, "highlight_count": highlight_count}
+                {"notify_count": noitf_count, "highlight_count": highlight_count},
             )
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -72,11 +72,13 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             event.depth = stream
 
             yield self.store.add_push_actions_to_staging(
-                event.event_id, {user_id: action},
+                event.event_id, {user_id: action}
             )
             yield self.store.runInteraction(
-                "", self.store._set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn,
-                [(event, None)], [(event, None)],
+                "",
+                self.store._set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn,
+                [(event, None)],
+                [(event, None)],
             )
 
         def _rotate(stream):
@@ -86,8 +88,11 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         def _mark_read(stream, depth):
             return self.store.runInteraction(
-                "", self.store._remove_old_push_actions_before_txn,
-                room_id, user_id, stream
+                "",
+                self.store._remove_old_push_actions_before_txn,
+                room_id,
+                user_id,
+                stream,
             )
 
         yield _assert_counts(0, 0)
@@ -112,9 +117,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         yield _rotate(7)
 
         yield self.store._simple_delete(
-            table="event_push_actions",
-            keyvalues={"1": 1},
-            desc="",
+            table="event_push_actions", keyvalues={"1": 1}, desc=""
         )
 
         yield _assert_counts(1, 0)
@@ -132,18 +135,21 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(self):
         def add_event(so, ts):
-            return self.store._simple_insert("events", {
-                "stream_ordering": so,
-                "received_ts": ts,
-                "event_id": "event%i" % so,
-                "type": "",
-                "room_id": "",
-                "content": "",
-                "processed": True,
-                "outlier": False,
-                "topological_ordering": 0,
-                "depth": 0,
-            })
+            return self.store._simple_insert(
+                "events",
+                {
+                    "stream_ordering": so,
+                    "received_ts": ts,
+                    "event_id": "event%i" % so,
+                    "type": "",
+                    "room_id": "",
+                    "content": "",
+                    "processed": True,
+                    "outlier": False,
+                    "topological_ordering": 0,
+                    "depth": 0,
+                },
+            )
 
         # start with the base case where there are no events in the table
         r = yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(11)
@@ -160,31 +166,27 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         # add a bunch of dummy events to the events table
         for (stream_ordering, ts) in (
-                (3, 110),
-                (4, 120),
-                (5, 120),
-                (10, 130),
-                (20, 140),
+            (3, 110),
+            (4, 120),
+            (5, 120),
+            (10, 130),
+            (20, 140),
         ):
             yield add_event(stream_ordering, ts)
 
         r = yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(110)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 3,
-                         "First event after 110ms should be 3, was %i" % r)
+        self.assertEqual(r, 3, "First event after 110ms should be 3, was %i" % r)
 
         # 4 and 5 are both after 120: we want 4 rather than 5
         r = yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(120)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 4,
-                         "First event after 120ms should be 4, was %i" % r)
+        self.assertEqual(r, 4, "First event after 120ms should be 4, was %i" % r)
 
         r = yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(129)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 10,
-                         "First event after 129ms should be 10, was %i" % r)
+        self.assertEqual(r, 10, "First event after 129ms should be 10, was %i" % r)
 
         # check we can get the last event
         r = yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(140)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 20,
-                         "First event after 14ms should be 20, was %i" % r)
+        self.assertEqual(r, 20, "First event after 14ms should be 20, was %i" % r)
 
         # off the end
         r = yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(160)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_keys.py
index 3a3d00278..ad0a55b32 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_keys.py
@@ -39,15 +39,12 @@ class KeyStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         key2 = signedjson.key.decode_verify_key_base64(
             "ed25519", "key2", "Noi6WqcDj0QmPxCNQqgezwTlBKrfqehY1u2FyWP9uYw"
         )
-        yield self.store.store_server_verify_key(
-            "server1", "from_server", 0, key1
-        )
-        yield self.store.store_server_verify_key(
-            "server1", "from_server", 0, key2
-        )
+        yield self.store.store_server_verify_key("server1", "from_server", 0, key1)
+        yield self.store.store_server_verify_key("server1", "from_server", 0, key2)
 
         res = yield self.store.get_server_verify_keys(
-            "server1", ["ed25519:key1", "ed25519:key2", "ed25519:key3"])
+            "server1", ["ed25519:key1", "ed25519:key2", "ed25519:key3"]
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(res.keys()), 2)
         self.assertEqual(res["ed25519:key1"].version, "key1")
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
index cbd480cd4..22b1072d9 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
@@ -40,19 +40,13 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         user2_email = "user2@matrix.org"
         threepids = [
             {'medium': 'email', 'address': user1_email},
-            {'medium': 'email', 'address': user2_email}
+            {'medium': 'email', 'address': user2_email},
         ]
         user_num = len(threepids)
 
-        yield self.store.register(
-            user_id=user1,
-            token="123",
-            password_hash=None)
+        yield self.store.register(user_id=user1, token="123", password_hash=None)
 
-        yield self.store.register(
-            user_id=user2,
-            token="456",
-            password_hash=None)
+        yield self.store.register(user_id=user2, token="456", password_hash=None)
 
         now = int(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
         yield self.store.user_add_threepid(user1, "email", user1_email, now, now)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_presence.py b/tests/storage/test_presence.py
index 3276b3950..12c540dfa 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_presence.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from tests.utils import MockClock, setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class PresenceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(clock=MockClock())
@@ -38,16 +37,19 @@ class PresenceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_presence_list(self):
         self.assertEquals(
             [],
-            (yield self.store.get_presence_list(
-                observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-            ))
+            (
+                yield self.store.get_presence_list(
+                    observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart
+                )
+            ),
         )
         self.assertEquals(
             [],
-            (yield self.store.get_presence_list(
-                observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-                accepted=True,
-            ))
+            (
+                yield self.store.get_presence_list(
+                    observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart, accepted=True
+                )
+            ),
         )
 
         yield self.store.add_presence_list_pending(
@@ -57,16 +59,19 @@ class PresenceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEquals(
             [{"observed_user_id": "@banana:test", "accepted": 0}],
-            (yield self.store.get_presence_list(
-                observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-            ))
+            (
+                yield self.store.get_presence_list(
+                    observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart
+                )
+            ),
         )
         self.assertEquals(
             [],
-            (yield self.store.get_presence_list(
-                observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-                accepted=True,
-            ))
+            (
+                yield self.store.get_presence_list(
+                    observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart, accepted=True
+                )
+            ),
         )
 
         yield self.store.set_presence_list_accepted(
@@ -76,16 +81,19 @@ class PresenceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEquals(
             [{"observed_user_id": "@banana:test", "accepted": 1}],
-            (yield self.store.get_presence_list(
-                observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-            ))
+            (
+                yield self.store.get_presence_list(
+                    observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart
+                )
+            ),
         )
         self.assertEquals(
             [{"observed_user_id": "@banana:test", "accepted": 1}],
-            (yield self.store.get_presence_list(
-                observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-                accepted=True,
-            ))
+            (
+                yield self.store.get_presence_list(
+                    observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart, accepted=True
+                )
+            ),
         )
 
         yield self.store.del_presence_list(
@@ -95,14 +103,17 @@ class PresenceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEquals(
             [],
-            (yield self.store.get_presence_list(
-                observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-            ))
+            (
+                yield self.store.get_presence_list(
+                    observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart
+                )
+            ),
         )
         self.assertEquals(
             [],
-            (yield self.store.get_presence_list(
-                observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart,
-                accepted=True,
-            ))
+            (
+                yield self.store.get_presence_list(
+                    observer_localpart=self.u_apple.localpart, accepted=True
+                )
+            ),
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_profile.py b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
index 2c95e5e95..5acbc8be0 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class ProfileStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver()
@@ -35,24 +34,17 @@ class ProfileStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_displayname(self):
-        yield self.store.create_profile(
-            self.u_frank.localpart
-        )
+        yield self.store.create_profile(self.u_frank.localpart)
 
-        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(
-            self.u_frank.localpart, "Frank"
-        )
+        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(self.u_frank.localpart, "Frank")
 
         self.assertEquals(
-            "Frank",
-            (yield self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.u_frank.localpart))
+            "Frank", (yield self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.u_frank.localpart))
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_avatar_url(self):
-        yield self.store.create_profile(
-            self.u_frank.localpart
-        )
+        yield self.store.create_profile(self.u_frank.localpart)
 
         yield self.store.set_profile_avatar_url(
             self.u_frank.localpart, "http://my.site/here"
@@ -60,5 +52,5 @@ class ProfileStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEquals(
             "http://my.site/here",
-            (yield self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.u_frank.localpart))
+            (yield self.store.get_profile_avatar_url(self.u_frank.localpart)),
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
index 475ec900c..85ce61e84 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
@@ -26,12 +26,10 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class RedactionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
-            resource_for_federation=Mock(),
-            http_client=None,
+            resource_for_federation=Mock(), http_client=None
         )
 
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -46,17 +44,20 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.depth = 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def inject_room_member(self, room, user, membership, replaces_state=None,
-                           extra_content={}):
+    def inject_room_member(
+        self, room, user, membership, replaces_state=None, extra_content={}
+    ):
         content = {"membership": membership}
         content.update(extra_content)
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": EventTypes.Member,
-            "sender": user.to_string(),
-            "state_key": user.to_string(),
-            "room_id": room.to_string(),
-            "content": content,
-        })
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                "sender": user.to_string(),
+                "state_key": user.to_string(),
+                "room_id": room.to_string(),
+                "content": content,
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder
@@ -70,13 +71,15 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def inject_message(self, room, user, body):
         self.depth += 1
 
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": EventTypes.Message,
-            "sender": user.to_string(),
-            "state_key": user.to_string(),
-            "room_id": room.to_string(),
-            "content": {"body": body, "msgtype": u"message"},
-        })
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Message,
+                "sender": user.to_string(),
+                "state_key": user.to_string(),
+                "room_id": room.to_string(),
+                "content": {"body": body, "msgtype": u"message"},
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder
@@ -88,14 +91,16 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_redaction(self, room, event_id, user, reason):
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": EventTypes.Redaction,
-            "sender": user.to_string(),
-            "state_key": user.to_string(),
-            "room_id": room.to_string(),
-            "content": {"reason": reason},
-            "redacts": event_id,
-        })
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Redaction,
+                "sender": user.to_string(),
+                "state_key": user.to_string(),
+                "room_id": room.to_string(),
+                "content": {"reason": reason},
+                "redacts": event_id,
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder
@@ -105,9 +110,7 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_redact(self):
-        yield self.inject_room_member(
-            self.room1, self.u_alice, Membership.JOIN
-        )
+        yield self.inject_room_member(self.room1, self.u_alice, Membership.JOIN)
 
         msg_event = yield self.inject_message(self.room1, self.u_alice, u"t")
 
@@ -157,13 +160,10 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_redact_join(self):
-        yield self.inject_room_member(
-            self.room1, self.u_alice, Membership.JOIN
-        )
+        yield self.inject_room_member(self.room1, self.u_alice, Membership.JOIN)
 
         msg_event = yield self.inject_room_member(
-            self.room1, self.u_bob, Membership.JOIN,
-            extra_content={"blue": "red"},
+            self.room1, self.u_bob, Membership.JOIN, extra_content={"blue": "red"}
         )
 
         event = yield self.store.get_event(msg_event.event_id)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_registration.py b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
index 7821ea3fa..bd96896bb 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_registration.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver()
@@ -30,10 +29,7 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
 
         self.user_id = "@my-user:test"
-        self.tokens = [
-            "AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUvWxYz",
-            "BcDeFgHiJkLmNoPqRsTuVwXyZa"
-        ]
+        self.tokens = ["AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUvWxYz", "BcDeFgHiJkLmNoPqRsTuVwXyZa"]
         self.pwhash = "{xx1}123456789"
         self.device_id = "akgjhdjklgshg"
 
@@ -51,34 +47,26 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 "consent_server_notice_sent": None,
                 "appservice_id": None,
             },
-            (yield self.store.get_user_by_id(self.user_id))
+            (yield self.store.get_user_by_id(self.user_id)),
         )
 
         result = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(self.tokens[0])
 
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset(
-            {
-                "name": self.user_id,
-            },
-            result
-        )
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset({"name": self.user_id}, result)
 
         self.assertTrue("token_id" in result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_add_tokens(self):
         yield self.store.register(self.user_id, self.tokens[0], self.pwhash)
-        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(self.user_id, self.tokens[1],
-                                                  self.device_id)
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
+            self.user_id, self.tokens[1], self.device_id
+        )
 
         result = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(self.tokens[1])
 
         self.assertDictContainsSubset(
-            {
-                "name": self.user_id,
-                "device_id": self.device_id,
-            },
-            result
+            {"name": self.user_id, "device_id": self.device_id}, result
         )
 
         self.assertTrue("token_id" in result)
@@ -87,12 +75,13 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_user_delete_access_tokens(self):
         # add some tokens
         yield self.store.register(self.user_id, self.tokens[0], self.pwhash)
-        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(self.user_id, self.tokens[1],
-                                                  self.device_id)
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
+            self.user_id, self.tokens[1], self.device_id
+        )
 
         # now delete some
         yield self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(
-            self.user_id, device_id=self.device_id,
+            self.user_id, device_id=self.device_id
         )
 
         # check they were deleted
@@ -107,8 +96,7 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(self.user_id)
 
         user = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(self.tokens[0])
-        self.assertIsNone(user,
-                          "access token was not deleted without device_id")
+        self.assertIsNone(user, "access token was not deleted without device_id")
 
 
 class TokenGenerator:
@@ -117,4 +105,4 @@ class TokenGenerator:
 
     def generate(self, user_id):
         self._last_issued_token += 1
-        return u"%s-%d" % (user_id, self._last_issued_token,)
+        return u"%s-%d" % (user_id, self._last_issued_token)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_room.py b/tests/storage/test_room.py
index ae8ae94b6..84d49b55c 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_room.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_room.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class RoomStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver()
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ class RoomStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.store.store_room(
             self.room.to_string(),
             room_creator_user_id=self.u_creator.to_string(),
-            is_public=True
+            is_public=True,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -49,14 +48,13 @@ class RoomStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             {
                 "room_id": self.room.to_string(),
                 "creator": self.u_creator.to_string(),
-                "is_public": True
+                "is_public": True,
             },
-            (yield self.store.get_room(self.room.to_string()))
+            (yield self.store.get_room(self.room.to_string())),
         )
 
 
 class RoomEventsStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = setup_test_homeserver()
@@ -69,18 +67,13 @@ class RoomEventsStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.room = RoomID.from_string("!abcde:test")
 
         yield self.store.store_room(
-            self.room.to_string(),
-            room_creator_user_id="@creator:text",
-            is_public=True
+            self.room.to_string(), room_creator_user_id="@creator:text", is_public=True
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_room_event(self, **kwargs):
         yield self.store.persist_event(
-            self.event_factory.create_event(
-                room_id=self.room.to_string(),
-                **kwargs
-            )
+            self.event_factory.create_event(room_id=self.room.to_string(), **kwargs)
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -88,22 +81,15 @@ class RoomEventsStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         name = u"A-Room-Name"
 
         yield self.inject_room_event(
-            etype=EventTypes.Name,
-            name=name,
-            content={"name": name},
-            depth=1,
+            etype=EventTypes.Name, name=name, content={"name": name}, depth=1
         )
 
-        state = yield self.store.get_current_state(
-            room_id=self.room.to_string()
-        )
+        state = yield self.store.get_current_state(room_id=self.room.to_string())
 
         self.assertEquals(1, len(state))
         self.assertObjectHasAttributes(
-            {"type": "m.room.name",
-             "room_id": self.room.to_string(),
-             "name": name},
-            state[0]
+            {"type": "m.room.name", "room_id": self.room.to_string(), "name": name},
+            state[0],
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -111,22 +97,15 @@ class RoomEventsStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         topic = u"A place for things"
 
         yield self.inject_room_event(
-            etype=EventTypes.Topic,
-            topic=topic,
-            content={"topic": topic},
-            depth=1,
+            etype=EventTypes.Topic, topic=topic, content={"topic": topic}, depth=1
         )
 
-        state = yield self.store.get_current_state(
-            room_id=self.room.to_string()
-        )
+        state = yield self.store.get_current_state(room_id=self.room.to_string())
 
         self.assertEquals(1, len(state))
         self.assertObjectHasAttributes(
-            {"type": "m.room.topic",
-             "room_id": self.room.to_string(),
-             "topic": topic},
-            state[0]
+            {"type": "m.room.topic", "room_id": self.room.to_string(), "topic": topic},
+            state[0],
         )
 
     # Not testing the various 'level' methods for now because there's lots
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index c5fd54f67..0d9908926 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -26,12 +26,10 @@ from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
 class RoomMemberStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
-            resource_for_federation=Mock(),
-            http_client=None,
+            resource_for_federation=Mock(), http_client=None
         )
         # We can't test the RoomMemberStore on its own without the other event
         # storage logic
@@ -49,13 +47,15 @@ class RoomMemberStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_room_member(self, room, user, membership, replaces_state=None):
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": EventTypes.Member,
-            "sender": user.to_string(),
-            "state_key": user.to_string(),
-            "room_id": room.to_string(),
-            "content": {"membership": membership},
-        })
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                "sender": user.to_string(),
+                "state_key": user.to_string(),
+                "room_id": room.to_string(),
+                "content": {"membership": membership},
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder
@@ -71,9 +71,12 @@ class RoomMemberStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEquals(
             [self.room.to_string()],
-            [m.room_id for m in (
-                yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
-                    self.u_alice.to_string(), [Membership.JOIN]
+            [
+                m.room_id
+                for m in (
+                    yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+                        self.u_alice.to_string(), [Membership.JOIN]
+                    )
                 )
-            )]
+            ],
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_state.py b/tests/storage/test_state.py
index f7871cd42..ed5b41644 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_state.py
@@ -45,20 +45,20 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.room = RoomID.from_string("!abc123:test")
 
         yield self.store.store_room(
-            self.room.to_string(),
-            room_creator_user_id="@creator:text",
-            is_public=True
+            self.room.to_string(), room_creator_user_id="@creator:text", is_public=True
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_state_event(self, room, sender, typ, state_key, content):
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": typ,
-            "sender": sender.to_string(),
-            "state_key": state_key,
-            "room_id": room.to_string(),
-            "content": content,
-        })
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            {
+                "type": typ,
+                "sender": sender.to_string(),
+                "state_key": state_key,
+                "room_id": room.to_string(),
+                "content": content,
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder
@@ -80,27 +80,31 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         # this defaults to a linear DAG as each new injection defaults to whatever
         # forward extremities are currently in the DB for this room.
         e1 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Create, '', {},
+            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Create, '', {}
         )
         e2 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Name, '', {
-                "name": "test room"
-            },
+            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Name, '', {"name": "test room"}
         )
         e3 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Member, self.u_alice.to_string(), {
-                "membership": Membership.JOIN
-            },
+            self.room,
+            self.u_alice,
+            EventTypes.Member,
+            self.u_alice.to_string(),
+            {"membership": Membership.JOIN},
         )
         e4 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_bob, EventTypes.Member, self.u_bob.to_string(), {
-                "membership": Membership.JOIN
-            },
+            self.room,
+            self.u_bob,
+            EventTypes.Member,
+            self.u_bob.to_string(),
+            {"membership": Membership.JOIN},
         )
         e5 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_bob, EventTypes.Member, self.u_bob.to_string(), {
-                "membership": Membership.LEAVE
-            },
+            self.room,
+            self.u_bob,
+            EventTypes.Member,
+            self.u_bob.to_string(),
+            {"membership": Membership.LEAVE},
         )
 
         # check we get the full state as of the final event
@@ -110,65 +114,66 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertIsNotNone(e4)
 
-        self.assertStateMapEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1,
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2,
-            (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3,
-            # e4 is overwritten by e5
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5,
-        }, state)
+        self.assertStateMapEqual(
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1,
+                (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2,
+                (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3,
+                # e4 is overwritten by e5
+                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5,
+            },
+            state,
+        )
 
         # check we can filter to the m.room.name event (with a '' state key)
         state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(
             e5.event_id, [(EventTypes.Name, '')], filtered_types=None
         )
 
-        self.assertStateMapEqual({
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2,
-        }, state)
+        self.assertStateMapEqual({(e2.type, e2.state_key): e2}, state)
 
         # check we can filter to the m.room.name event (with a wildcard None state key)
         state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(
             e5.event_id, [(EventTypes.Name, None)], filtered_types=None
         )
 
-        self.assertStateMapEqual({
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2,
-        }, state)
+        self.assertStateMapEqual({(e2.type, e2.state_key): e2}, state)
 
         # check we can grab the m.room.member events (with a wildcard None state key)
         state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(
             e5.event_id, [(EventTypes.Member, None)], filtered_types=None
         )
 
-        self.assertStateMapEqual({
-            (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3,
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5,
-        }, state)
+        self.assertStateMapEqual(
+            {(e3.type, e3.state_key): e3, (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5}, state
+        )
 
         # check we can use filter_types to grab a specific room member
         # without filtering out the other event types
         state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(
-            e5.event_id, [(EventTypes.Member, self.u_alice.to_string())],
+            e5.event_id,
+            [(EventTypes.Member, self.u_alice.to_string())],
             filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member],
         )
 
-        self.assertStateMapEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1,
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2,
-            (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3,
-        }, state)
+        self.assertStateMapEqual(
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1,
+                (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2,
+                (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3,
+            },
+            state,
+        )
 
         # check that types=[], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
         # doesn't return all members
         state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(
-            e5.event_id, [], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member],
+            e5.event_id, [], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
         )
 
-        self.assertStateMapEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1,
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2,
-        }, state)
+        self.assertStateMapEqual(
+            {(e1.type, e1.state_key): e1, (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2}, state
+        )
 
         #######################################################
         # _get_some_state_from_cache tests against a full cache
@@ -184,10 +189,13 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
-        self.assertDictEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
-        }, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+                (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with wildcard types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
@@ -195,25 +203,33 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
-        self.assertDictEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
-            (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
-            # e4 is overwritten by e5
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
-        }, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+                (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
+                (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
+                # e4 is overwritten by e5
+                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with specific types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
-            group, [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
+            group,
+            [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)],
+            filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member],
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
-        self.assertDictEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
-        }, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+                (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
+                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with specific types
         # and no filtered_types
@@ -222,24 +238,27 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
-        self.assertDictEqual({
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
-        }, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual({(e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id}, state_dict)
 
         #######################################################
         # deliberately remove e2 (room name) from the _state_group_cache
 
-        (is_all, known_absent, state_dict_ids) = self.store._state_group_cache.get(group)
+        (is_all, known_absent, state_dict_ids) = self.store._state_group_cache.get(
+            group
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
         self.assertEqual(known_absent, set())
-        self.assertDictEqual(state_dict_ids, {
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-            (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
-            (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
-            # e4 is overwritten by e5
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
-        })
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            state_dict_ids,
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+                (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
+                (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
+                # e4 is overwritten by e5
+                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
+            },
+        )
 
         state_dict_ids.pop((e2.type, e2.state_key))
         self.store._state_group_cache.invalidate(group)
@@ -252,22 +271,32 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
                 (e1.type, e1.state_key),
                 (e3.type, e3.state_key),
                 (e5.type, e5.state_key),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
-        (is_all, known_absent, state_dict_ids) = self.store._state_group_cache.get(group)
+        (is_all, known_absent, state_dict_ids) = self.store._state_group_cache.get(
+            group
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, False)
-        self.assertEqual(known_absent, set([
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key),
-            (e3.type, e3.state_key),
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key),
-        ]))
-        self.assertDictEqual(state_dict_ids, {
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-            (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
-        })
+        self.assertEqual(
+            known_absent,
+            set(
+                [
+                    (e1.type, e1.state_key),
+                    (e3.type, e3.state_key),
+                    (e5.type, e5.state_key),
+                ]
+            ),
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            state_dict_ids,
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+                (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
+                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
+            },
+        )
 
         ############################################
         # test that things work with a partial cache
@@ -279,9 +308,7 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, False)
-        self.assertDictEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-        }, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual({(e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id}, state_dict)
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members wildcard types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
@@ -289,23 +316,31 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, False)
-        self.assertDictEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-            (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
-            # e4 is overwritten by e5
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
-        }, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+                (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
+                # e4 is overwritten by e5
+                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with specific types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
-            group, [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
+            group,
+            [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)],
+            filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member],
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, False)
-        self.assertDictEqual({
-            (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
-        }, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
+                (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with specific types
         # and no filtered_types
@@ -314,6 +349,4 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
-        self.assertDictEqual({
-            (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
-        }, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual({(e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id}, state_dict)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py b/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
index 23fad12bc..7a273eab4 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
@@ -39,20 +39,12 @@ class UserDirectoryStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             {
                 ALICE: ProfileInfo(None, "alice"),
                 BOB: ProfileInfo(None, "bob"),
-                BOBBY: ProfileInfo(None, "bobby")
+                BOBBY: ProfileInfo(None, "bobby"),
             },
         )
-        yield self.store.add_users_to_public_room(
-            "!room:id",
-            [ALICE, BOB],
-        )
+        yield self.store.add_users_to_public_room("!room:id", [ALICE, BOB])
         yield self.store.add_users_who_share_room(
-            "!room:id",
-            False,
-            (
-                (ALICE, BOB),
-                (BOB, ALICE),
-            ),
+            "!room:id", False, ((ALICE, BOB), (BOB, ALICE))
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -62,11 +54,9 @@ class UserDirectoryStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         r = yield self.store.search_user_dir(ALICE, "bob", 10)
         self.assertFalse(r["limited"])
         self.assertEqual(1, len(r["results"]))
-        self.assertDictEqual(r["results"][0], {
-            "user_id": BOB,
-            "display_name": "bob",
-            "avatar_url": None,
-        })
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            r["results"][0], {"user_id": BOB, "display_name": "bob", "avatar_url": None}
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_search_user_dir_all_users(self):
@@ -75,15 +65,13 @@ class UserDirectoryStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             r = yield self.store.search_user_dir(ALICE, "bob", 10)
             self.assertFalse(r["limited"])
             self.assertEqual(2, len(r["results"]))
-            self.assertDictEqual(r["results"][0], {
-                "user_id": BOB,
-                "display_name": "bob",
-                "avatar_url": None,
-            })
-            self.assertDictEqual(r["results"][1], {
-                "user_id": BOBBY,
-                "display_name": "bobby",
-                "avatar_url": None,
-            })
+            self.assertDictEqual(
+                r["results"][0],
+                {"user_id": BOB, "display_name": "bob", "avatar_url": None},
+            )
+            self.assertDictEqual(
+                r["results"][1],
+                {"user_id": BOBBY, "display_name": "bobby", "avatar_url": None},
+            )
         finally:
             self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users = False
diff --git a/tests/test_distributor.py b/tests/test_distributor.py
index 71d11cda7..b57f36e6a 100644
--- a/tests/test_distributor.py
+++ b/tests/test_distributor.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from . import unittest
 
 
 class DistributorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.dist = Distributor()
 
@@ -44,18 +43,14 @@ class DistributorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         observers[0].side_effect = Exception("Awoogah!")
 
-        with patch(
-            "synapse.util.distributor.logger", spec=["warning"]
-        ) as mock_logger:
+        with patch("synapse.util.distributor.logger", spec=["warning"]) as mock_logger:
             self.dist.fire("alarm", "Go")
 
             observers[0].assert_called_once_with("Go")
             observers[1].assert_called_once_with("Go")
 
             self.assertEquals(mock_logger.warning.call_count, 1)
-            self.assertIsInstance(
-                mock_logger.warning.call_args[0][0], str
-            )
+            self.assertIsInstance(mock_logger.warning.call_args[0][0], str)
 
     def test_signal_prereg(self):
         observer = Mock()
@@ -69,4 +64,5 @@ class DistributorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_signal_undeclared(self):
         def code():
             self.dist.fire("notification")
+
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, code)
diff --git a/tests/test_dns.py b/tests/test_dns.py
index b647d9269..90bd34be3 100644
--- a/tests/test_dns.py
+++ b/tests/test_dns.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ from . import unittest
 
 @unittest.DEBUG
 class DnsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_resolve(self):
         dns_client_mock = Mock()
@@ -36,14 +35,11 @@ class DnsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         host_name = "example.com"
 
         answer_srv = dns.RRHeader(
-            type=dns.SRV,
-            payload=dns.Record_SRV(
-                target=host_name,
-            )
+            type=dns.SRV, payload=dns.Record_SRV(target=host_name)
         )
 
         dns_client_mock.lookupService.return_value = defer.succeed(
-            ([answer_srv], None, None),
+            ([answer_srv], None, None)
         )
 
         cache = {}
@@ -68,9 +64,7 @@ class DnsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         entry = Mock(spec_set=["expires"])
         entry.expires = 0
 
-        cache = {
-            service_name: [entry]
-        }
+        cache = {service_name: [entry]}
 
         servers = yield resolve_service(
             service_name, dns_client=dns_client_mock, cache=cache
@@ -93,12 +87,10 @@ class DnsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         entry = Mock(spec_set=["expires"])
         entry.expires = 999999999
 
-        cache = {
-            service_name: [entry]
-        }
+        cache = {service_name: [entry]}
 
         servers = yield resolve_service(
-            service_name, dns_client=dns_client_mock, cache=cache, clock=clock,
+            service_name, dns_client=dns_client_mock, cache=cache, clock=clock
         )
 
         self.assertFalse(dns_client_mock.lookupService.called)
@@ -117,9 +109,7 @@ class DnsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         cache = {}
 
         with self.assertRaises(error.DNSServerError):
-            yield resolve_service(
-                service_name, dns_client=dns_client_mock, cache=cache
-            )
+            yield resolve_service(service_name, dns_client=dns_client_mock, cache=cache)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_name_error(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_event_auth.py b/tests/test_event_auth.py
index 06112430e..411b4a9f8 100644
--- a/tests/test_event_auth.py
+++ b/tests/test_event_auth.py
@@ -35,10 +35,7 @@ class EventAuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         }
 
         # creator should be able to send state
-        event_auth.check(
-            _random_state_event(creator), auth_events,
-            do_sig_check=False,
-        )
+        event_auth.check(_random_state_event(creator), auth_events, do_sig_check=False)
 
         # joiner should not be able to send state
         self.assertRaises(
@@ -61,13 +58,9 @@ class EventAuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         auth_events = {
             ("m.room.create", ""): _create_event(creator),
             ("m.room.member", creator): _join_event(creator),
-            ("m.room.power_levels", ""): _power_levels_event(creator, {
-                "state_default": "30",
-                "users": {
-                    pleb: "29",
-                    king: "30",
-                },
-            }),
+            ("m.room.power_levels", ""): _power_levels_event(
+                creator, {"state_default": "30", "users": {pleb: "29", king: "30"}}
+            ),
             ("m.room.member", pleb): _join_event(pleb),
             ("m.room.member", king): _join_event(king),
         }
@@ -82,10 +75,7 @@ class EventAuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         ),
 
         # king should be able to send state
-        event_auth.check(
-            _random_state_event(king), auth_events,
-            do_sig_check=False,
-        )
+        event_auth.check(_random_state_event(king), auth_events, do_sig_check=False)
 
 
 # helpers for making events
@@ -94,52 +84,54 @@ TEST_ROOM_ID = "!test:room"
 
 
 def _create_event(user_id):
-    return FrozenEvent({
-        "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-        "event_id": _get_event_id(),
-        "type": "m.room.create",
-        "sender": user_id,
-        "content": {
-            "creator": user_id,
-        },
-    })
+    return FrozenEvent(
+        {
+            "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+            "event_id": _get_event_id(),
+            "type": "m.room.create",
+            "sender": user_id,
+            "content": {"creator": user_id},
+        }
+    )
 
 
 def _join_event(user_id):
-    return FrozenEvent({
-        "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-        "event_id": _get_event_id(),
-        "type": "m.room.member",
-        "sender": user_id,
-        "state_key": user_id,
-        "content": {
-            "membership": "join",
-        },
-    })
+    return FrozenEvent(
+        {
+            "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+            "event_id": _get_event_id(),
+            "type": "m.room.member",
+            "sender": user_id,
+            "state_key": user_id,
+            "content": {"membership": "join"},
+        }
+    )
 
 
 def _power_levels_event(sender, content):
-    return FrozenEvent({
-        "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-        "event_id": _get_event_id(),
-        "type": "m.room.power_levels",
-        "sender": sender,
-        "state_key": "",
-        "content": content,
-    })
+    return FrozenEvent(
+        {
+            "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+            "event_id": _get_event_id(),
+            "type": "m.room.power_levels",
+            "sender": sender,
+            "state_key": "",
+            "content": content,
+        }
+    )
 
 
 def _random_state_event(sender):
-    return FrozenEvent({
-        "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-        "event_id": _get_event_id(),
-        "type": "test.state",
-        "sender": sender,
-        "state_key": "",
-        "content": {
-            "membership": "join",
-        },
-    })
+    return FrozenEvent(
+        {
+            "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+            "event_id": _get_event_id(),
+            "type": "test.state",
+            "sender": sender,
+            "state_key": "",
+            "content": {"membership": "join"},
+        }
+    )
 
 
 event_count = 0
@@ -149,4 +141,4 @@ def _get_event_id():
     global event_count
     c = event_count
     event_count += 1
-    return "!%i:example.com" % (c, )
+    return "!%i:example.com" % (c,)
diff --git a/tests/test_preview.py b/tests/test_preview.py
index 446843367..84ef5e5ba 100644
--- a/tests/test_preview.py
+++ b/tests/test_preview.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from . import unittest
 
 
 class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_long_summarize(self):
         example_paras = [
             u"""Tromsø (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtrʊmsœ] ( listen); Northern Sami:
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             alternative spellings of the city.Tromsø is considered the northernmost
             city in the world with a population above 50,000. The most populous town
             north of it is Alta, Norway, with a population of 14,272 (2013).""",
-
             u"""Tromsø lies in Northern Norway. The municipality has a population of
             (2015) 72,066, but with an annual influx of students it has over 75,000
             most of the year. It is the largest urban area in Northern Norway and the
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             Sandnessund Bridge. Tromsø Airport connects the city to many destinations
             in Europe. The city is warmer than most other places located on the same
             latitude, due to the warming effect of the Gulf Stream.""",
-
             u"""The city centre of Tromsø contains the highest number of old wooden
             houses in Northern Norway, the oldest house dating from 1789. The Arctic
             Cathedral, a modern church from 1965, is probably the most famous landmark
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             u" the city of Tromsø. Outside of Norway, Tromso and Tromsö are"
             u" alternative spellings of the city.Tromsø is considered the northernmost"
             u" city in the world with a population above 50,000. The most populous town"
-            u" north of it is Alta, Norway, with a population of 14,272 (2013)."
+            u" north of it is Alta, Norway, with a population of 14,272 (2013).",
         )
 
         desc = summarize_paragraphs(example_paras[1:], min_size=200, max_size=500)
@@ -80,7 +77,7 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             u" third largest north of the Arctic Circle (following Murmansk and Norilsk)."
             u" Most of Tromsø, including the city centre, is located on the island of"
             u" Tromsøya, 350 kilometres (217 mi) north of the Arctic Circle. In 2012,"
-            u" Tromsøya had a population of 36,088. Substantial parts of the urban…"
+            u" Tromsøya had a population of 36,088. Substantial parts of the urban…",
         )
 
     def test_short_summarize(self):
@@ -88,11 +85,9 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             u"Tromsø (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtrʊmsœ] ( listen); Northern Sami:"
             u" Romsa; Finnish: Tromssa[2] Kven: Tromssa) is a city and municipality in"
             u" Troms county, Norway.",
-
             u"Tromsø lies in Northern Norway. The municipality has a population of"
             u" (2015) 72,066, but with an annual influx of students it has over 75,000"
             u" most of the year.",
-
             u"The city centre of Tromsø contains the highest number of old wooden"
             u" houses in Northern Norway, the oldest house dating from 1789. The Arctic"
             u" Cathedral, a modern church from 1965, is probably the most famous landmark"
@@ -109,7 +104,7 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             u"\n"
             u"Tromsø lies in Northern Norway. The municipality has a population of"
             u" (2015) 72,066, but with an annual influx of students it has over 75,000"
-            u" most of the year."
+            u" most of the year.",
         )
 
     def test_small_then_large_summarize(self):
@@ -117,7 +112,6 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             u"Tromsø (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtrʊmsœ] ( listen); Northern Sami:"
             u" Romsa; Finnish: Tromssa[2] Kven: Tromssa) is a city and municipality in"
             u" Troms county, Norway.",
-
             u"Tromsø lies in Northern Norway. The municipality has a population of"
             u" (2015) 72,066, but with an annual influx of students it has over 75,000"
             u" most of the year."
@@ -138,7 +132,7 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             u" (2015) 72,066, but with an annual influx of students it has over 75,000"
             u" most of the year. The city centre of Tromsø contains the highest number"
             u" of old wooden houses in Northern Norway, the oldest house dating from"
-            u" 1789. The Arctic Cathedral, a modern church from…"
+            u" 1789. The Arctic Cathedral, a modern church from…",
         )
 
 
@@ -155,10 +149,7 @@ class PreviewUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
 
-        self.assertEquals(og, {
-            u"og:title": u"Foo",
-            u"og:description": u"Some text."
-        })
+        self.assertEquals(og, {u"og:title": u"Foo", u"og:description": u"Some text."})
 
     def test_comment(self):
         html = u"""
@@ -173,10 +164,7 @@ class PreviewUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
 
-        self.assertEquals(og, {
-            u"og:title": u"Foo",
-            u"og:description": u"Some text."
-        })
+        self.assertEquals(og, {u"og:title": u"Foo", u"og:description": u"Some text."})
 
     def test_comment2(self):
         html = u"""
@@ -194,10 +182,13 @@ class PreviewUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
 
-        self.assertEquals(og, {
-            u"og:title": u"Foo",
-            u"og:description": u"Some text.\n\nSome more text.\n\nText\n\nMore text"
-        })
+        self.assertEquals(
+            og,
+            {
+                u"og:title": u"Foo",
+                u"og:description": u"Some text.\n\nSome more text.\n\nText\n\nMore text",
+            },
+        )
 
     def test_script(self):
         html = u"""
@@ -212,10 +203,7 @@ class PreviewUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
 
-        self.assertEquals(og, {
-            u"og:title": u"Foo",
-            u"og:description": u"Some text."
-        })
+        self.assertEquals(og, {u"og:title": u"Foo", u"og:description": u"Some text."})
 
     def test_missing_title(self):
         html = u"""
@@ -228,10 +216,7 @@ class PreviewUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
 
-        self.assertEquals(og, {
-            u"og:title": None,
-            u"og:description": u"Some text."
-        })
+        self.assertEquals(og, {u"og:title": None, u"og:description": u"Some text."})
 
     def test_h1_as_title(self):
         html = u"""
@@ -245,10 +230,7 @@ class PreviewUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
 
-        self.assertEquals(og, {
-            u"og:title": u"Title",
-            u"og:description": u"Some text."
-        })
+        self.assertEquals(og, {u"og:title": u"Title", u"og:description": u"Some text."})
 
     def test_missing_title_and_broken_h1(self):
         html = u"""
@@ -262,7 +244,4 @@ class PreviewUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
 
-        self.assertEquals(og, {
-            u"og:title": None,
-            u"og:description": u"Some text."
-        })
+        self.assertEquals(og, {u"og:title": None, u"og:description": u"Some text."})
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index 429a18cbf..96fdb8636 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -29,8 +29,15 @@ from .utils import MockClock
 _next_event_id = 1000
 
 
-def create_event(name=None, type=None, state_key=None, depth=2, event_id=None,
-                 prev_events=[], **kwargs):
+def create_event(
+    name=None,
+    type=None,
+    state_key=None,
+    depth=2,
+    event_id=None,
+    prev_events=[],
+    **kwargs
+):
     global _next_event_id
 
     if not event_id:
@@ -39,9 +46,9 @@ def create_event(name=None, type=None, state_key=None, depth=2, event_id=None,
 
     if not name:
         if state_key is not None:
-            name = "<%s-%s, %s>" % (type, state_key, event_id,)
+            name = "<%s-%s, %s>" % (type, state_key, event_id)
         else:
-            name = "<%s, %s>" % (type, event_id,)
+            name = "<%s, %s>" % (type, event_id)
 
     d = {
         "event_id": event_id,
@@ -80,8 +87,9 @@ class StateGroupStore(object):
 
         return defer.succeed(groups)
 
-    def store_state_group(self, event_id, room_id, prev_group, delta_ids,
-                          current_state_ids):
+    def store_state_group(
+        self, event_id, room_id, prev_group, delta_ids, current_state_ids
+    ):
         state_group = self._next_group
         self._next_group += 1
 
@@ -91,7 +99,8 @@ class StateGroupStore(object):
 
     def get_events(self, event_ids, **kwargs):
         return {
-            e_id: self._event_id_to_event[e_id] for e_id in event_ids
+            e_id: self._event_id_to_event[e_id]
+            for e_id in event_ids
             if e_id in self._event_id_to_event
         }
 
@@ -129,9 +138,7 @@ class Graph(object):
                 prev_events = []
 
             events[event_id] = create_event(
-                event_id=event_id,
-                prev_events=prev_events,
-                **fields
+                event_id=event_id, prev_events=prev_events, **fields
             )
 
         self._leaves = clobbered
@@ -147,10 +154,15 @@ class Graph(object):
 class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.store = StateGroupStore()
-        hs = Mock(spec_set=[
-            "get_datastore", "get_auth", "get_state_handler", "get_clock",
-            "get_state_resolution_handler",
-        ])
+        hs = Mock(
+            spec_set=[
+                "get_datastore",
+                "get_auth",
+                "get_state_handler",
+                "get_clock",
+                "get_state_resolution_handler",
+            ]
+        )
         hs.get_datastore.return_value = self.store
         hs.get_state_handler.return_value = None
         hs.get_clock.return_value = MockClock()
@@ -164,35 +176,13 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_branch_no_conflict(self):
         graph = Graph(
             nodes={
-                "START": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Create,
-                    state_key="",
-                    depth=1,
-                ),
-                "A": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Message,
-                    depth=2,
-                ),
-                "B": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Message,
-                    depth=3,
-                ),
-                "C": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Name,
-                    state_key="",
-                    depth=3,
-                ),
-                "D": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Message,
-                    depth=4,
-                ),
+                "START": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Create, state_key="", depth=1),
+                "A": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Message, depth=2),
+                "B": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Message, depth=3),
+                "C": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Name, state_key="", depth=3),
+                "D": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Message, depth=4),
             },
-            edges={
-                "A": ["START"],
-                "B": ["A"],
-                "C": ["A"],
-                "D": ["B", "C"]
-            }
+            edges={"A": ["START"], "B": ["A"], "C": ["A"], "D": ["B", "C"]},
         )
 
         self.store.register_events(graph.walk())
@@ -224,27 +214,11 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     membership=Membership.JOIN,
                     depth=2,
                 ),
-                "B": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Name,
-                    state_key="",
-                    depth=3,
-                ),
-                "C": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Name,
-                    state_key="",
-                    depth=4,
-                ),
-                "D": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Message,
-                    depth=5,
-                ),
+                "B": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Name, state_key="", depth=3),
+                "C": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Name, state_key="", depth=4),
+                "D": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Message, depth=5),
             },
-            edges={
-                "A": ["START"],
-                "B": ["A"],
-                "C": ["A"],
-                "D": ["B", "C"]
-            }
+            edges={"A": ["START"], "B": ["A"], "C": ["A"], "D": ["B", "C"]},
         )
 
         self.store.register_events(graph.walk())
@@ -259,8 +233,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         prev_state_ids = yield context_store["D"].get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
         self.assertSetEqual(
-            {"START", "A", "C"},
-            {e_id for e_id in prev_state_ids.values()}
+            {"START", "A", "C"}, {e_id for e_id in prev_state_ids.values()}
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -280,11 +253,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     membership=Membership.JOIN,
                     depth=2,
                 ),
-                "B": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Name,
-                    state_key="",
-                    depth=3,
-                ),
+                "B": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Name, state_key="", depth=3),
                 "C": DictObj(
                     type=EventTypes.Member,
                     state_key="@user_id_2:example.com",
@@ -298,18 +267,9 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     depth=4,
                     sender="@user_id_2:example.com",
                 ),
-                "E": DictObj(
-                    type=EventTypes.Message,
-                    depth=5,
-                ),
+                "E": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Message, depth=5),
             },
-            edges={
-                "A": ["START"],
-                "B": ["A"],
-                "C": ["B"],
-                "D": ["B"],
-                "E": ["C", "D"]
-            }
+            edges={"A": ["START"], "B": ["A"], "C": ["B"], "D": ["B"], "E": ["C", "D"]},
         )
 
         self.store.register_events(graph.walk())
@@ -324,8 +284,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         prev_state_ids = yield context_store["E"].get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
         self.assertSetEqual(
-            {"START", "A", "B", "C"},
-            {e for e in prev_state_ids.values()}
+            {"START", "A", "B", "C"}, {e for e in prev_state_ids.values()}
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -357,30 +316,17 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 state_key="",
                 content={
                     "events": {"m.room.name": 50},
-                    "users": {userid1: 100,
-                              userid2: 60},
+                    "users": {userid1: 100, userid2: 60},
                 },
             ),
-            "A5": DictObj(
-                type=EventTypes.Name,
-                state_key="",
-            ),
+            "A5": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Name, state_key=""),
             "B": DictObj(
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
                 state_key="",
-                content={
-                    "events": {"m.room.name": 50},
-                    "users": {userid2: 30},
-                },
-            ),
-            "C": DictObj(
-                type=EventTypes.Name,
-                state_key="",
-                sender=userid2,
-            ),
-            "D": DictObj(
-                type=EventTypes.Message,
+                content={"events": {"m.room.name": 50}, "users": {userid2: 30}},
             ),
+            "C": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Name, state_key="", sender=userid2),
+            "D": DictObj(type=EventTypes.Message),
         }
         edges = {
             "A2": ["A1"],
@@ -389,7 +335,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "A5": ["A4"],
             "B": ["A5"],
             "C": ["A5"],
-            "D": ["B", "C"]
+            "D": ["B", "C"],
         }
         self._add_depths(nodes, edges)
         graph = Graph(nodes, edges)
@@ -406,8 +352,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         prev_state_ids = yield context_store["D"].get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
         self.assertSetEqual(
-            {"A1", "A2", "A3", "A5", "B"},
-            {e for e in prev_state_ids.values()}
+            {"A1", "A2", "A3", "A5", "B"}, {e for e in prev_state_ids.values()}
         )
 
     def _add_depths(self, nodes, edges):
@@ -432,9 +377,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             create_event(type="test2", state_key=""),
         ]
 
-        context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(
-            event, old_state=old_state
-        )
+        context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(event, old_state=old_state)
 
         current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
 
@@ -454,9 +397,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             create_event(type="test2", state_key=""),
         ]
 
-        context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(
-            event, old_state=old_state
-        )
+        context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(event, old_state=old_state)
 
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
@@ -468,8 +409,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_trivial_annotate_message(self):
         prev_event_id = "prev_event_id"
         event = create_event(
-            type="test_message", name="event2",
-            prev_events=[(prev_event_id, {})],
+            type="test_message", name="event2", prev_events=[(prev_event_id, {})]
         )
 
         old_state = [
@@ -479,7 +419,10 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
 
         group_name = self.store.store_state_group(
-            prev_event_id, event.room_id, None, None,
+            prev_event_id,
+            event.room_id,
+            None,
+            None,
             {(e.type, e.state_key): e.event_id for e in old_state},
         )
         self.store.register_event_id_state_group(prev_event_id, group_name)
@@ -489,8 +432,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            set([e.event_id for e in old_state]),
-            set(current_state_ids.values())
+            set([e.event_id for e in old_state]), set(current_state_ids.values())
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(group_name, context.state_group)
@@ -499,8 +441,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_trivial_annotate_state(self):
         prev_event_id = "prev_event_id"
         event = create_event(
-            type="state", state_key="", name="event2",
-            prev_events=[(prev_event_id, {})],
+            type="state", state_key="", name="event2", prev_events=[(prev_event_id, {})]
         )
 
         old_state = [
@@ -510,7 +451,10 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
 
         group_name = self.store.store_state_group(
-            prev_event_id, event.room_id, None, None,
+            prev_event_id,
+            event.room_id,
+            None,
+            None,
             {(e.type, e.state_key): e.event_id for e in old_state},
         )
         self.store.register_event_id_state_group(prev_event_id, group_name)
@@ -520,8 +464,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            set([e.event_id for e in old_state]),
-            set(prev_state_ids.values())
+            set([e.event_id for e in old_state]), set(prev_state_ids.values())
         )
 
         self.assertIsNotNone(context.state_group)
@@ -531,13 +474,12 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         prev_event_id1 = "event_id1"
         prev_event_id2 = "event_id2"
         event = create_event(
-            type="test_message", name="event3",
+            type="test_message",
+            name="event3",
             prev_events=[(prev_event_id1, {}), (prev_event_id2, {})],
         )
 
-        creation = create_event(
-            type=EventTypes.Create, state_key=""
-        )
+        creation = create_event(type=EventTypes.Create, state_key="")
 
         old_state_1 = [
             creation,
@@ -557,7 +499,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store.register_events(old_state_2)
 
         context = yield self._get_context(
-            event, prev_event_id1, old_state_1, prev_event_id2, old_state_2,
+            event, prev_event_id1, old_state_1, prev_event_id2, old_state_2
         )
 
         current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
@@ -571,13 +513,13 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         prev_event_id1 = "event_id1"
         prev_event_id2 = "event_id2"
         event = create_event(
-            type="test4", state_key="", name="event",
+            type="test4",
+            state_key="",
+            name="event",
             prev_events=[(prev_event_id1, {}), (prev_event_id2, {})],
         )
 
-        creation = create_event(
-            type=EventTypes.Create, state_key=""
-        )
+        creation = create_event(type=EventTypes.Create, state_key="")
 
         old_state_1 = [
             creation,
@@ -599,7 +541,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store.get_events = store.get_events
 
         context = yield self._get_context(
-            event, prev_event_id1, old_state_1, prev_event_id2, old_state_2,
+            event, prev_event_id1, old_state_1, prev_event_id2, old_state_2
         )
 
         current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
@@ -613,29 +555,25 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         prev_event_id1 = "event_id1"
         prev_event_id2 = "event_id2"
         event = create_event(
-            type="test4", name="event",
+            type="test4",
+            name="event",
             prev_events=[(prev_event_id1, {}), (prev_event_id2, {})],
         )
 
         member_event = create_event(
             type=EventTypes.Member,
             state_key="@user_id:example.com",
-            content={
-                "membership": Membership.JOIN,
-            }
+            content={"membership": Membership.JOIN},
         )
 
         power_levels = create_event(
-            type=EventTypes.PowerLevels, state_key="",
-            content={"users": {
-                "@foo:bar": "100",
-                "@user_id:example.com": "100",
-            }}
+            type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
+            state_key="",
+            content={"users": {"@foo:bar": "100", "@user_id:example.com": "100"}},
         )
 
         creation = create_event(
-            type=EventTypes.Create, state_key="",
-            content={"creator": "@foo:bar"}
+            type=EventTypes.Create, state_key="", content={"creator": "@foo:bar"}
         )
 
         old_state_1 = [
@@ -658,14 +596,12 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store.get_events = store.get_events
 
         context = yield self._get_context(
-            event, prev_event_id1, old_state_1, prev_event_id2, old_state_2,
+            event, prev_event_id1, old_state_1, prev_event_id2, old_state_2
         )
 
         current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
 
-        self.assertEqual(
-            old_state_2[3].event_id, current_state_ids[("test1", "1")]
-        )
+        self.assertEqual(old_state_2[3].event_id, current_state_ids[("test1", "1")])
 
         # Reverse the depth to make sure we are actually using the depths
         # during state resolution.
@@ -688,25 +624,30 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         store.register_events(old_state_2)
 
         context = yield self._get_context(
-            event, prev_event_id1, old_state_1, prev_event_id2, old_state_2,
+            event, prev_event_id1, old_state_1, prev_event_id2, old_state_2
         )
 
         current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
 
-        self.assertEqual(
-            old_state_1[3].event_id, current_state_ids[("test1", "1")]
-        )
+        self.assertEqual(old_state_1[3].event_id, current_state_ids[("test1", "1")])
 
-    def _get_context(self, event, prev_event_id_1, old_state_1, prev_event_id_2,
-                     old_state_2):
+    def _get_context(
+        self, event, prev_event_id_1, old_state_1, prev_event_id_2, old_state_2
+    ):
         sg1 = self.store.store_state_group(
-            prev_event_id_1, event.room_id, None, None,
+            prev_event_id_1,
+            event.room_id,
+            None,
+            None,
             {(e.type, e.state_key): e.event_id for e in old_state_1},
         )
         self.store.register_event_id_state_group(prev_event_id_1, sg1)
 
         sg2 = self.store.store_state_group(
-            prev_event_id_2, event.room_id, None, None,
+            prev_event_id_2,
+            event.room_id,
+            None,
+            None,
             {(e.type, e.state_key): e.event_id for e in old_state_2},
         )
         self.store.register_event_id_state_group(prev_event_id_2, sg2)
diff --git a/tests/test_test_utils.py b/tests/test_test_utils.py
index bc97c1224..b921ac52c 100644
--- a/tests/test_test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_test_utils.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from tests.utils import MockClock
 
 
 class MockClockTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.clock = MockClock()
 
@@ -34,10 +33,12 @@ class MockClockTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def _cb0():
             invoked[0] = 1
+
         self.clock.call_later(10, _cb0)
 
         def _cb1():
             invoked[1] = 1
+
         self.clock.call_later(20, _cb1)
 
         self.assertFalse(invoked[0])
@@ -56,10 +57,12 @@ class MockClockTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def _cb0():
             invoked[0] = 1
+
         t0 = self.clock.call_later(10, _cb0)
 
         def _cb1():
             invoked[1] = 1
+
         self.clock.call_later(20, _cb1)
 
         self.clock.cancel_call_later(t0)
diff --git a/tests/test_types.py b/tests/test_types.py
index 729bd676c..be072d402 100644
--- a/tests/test_types.py
+++ b/tests/test_types.py
@@ -69,10 +69,7 @@ class GroupIDTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual("my.domain", group_id.domain)
 
     def test_validate(self):
-        bad_ids = [
-            "$badsigil:domain",
-            "+:empty",
-        ] + [
+        bad_ids = ["$badsigil:domain", "+:empty"] + [
             "+group" + c + ":domain" for c in "A%?æ£"
         ]
         for id_string in bad_ids:
diff --git a/tests/test_visibility.py b/tests/test_visibility.py
index 0dc1a924d..8643d6312 100644
--- a/tests/test_visibility.py
+++ b/tests/test_visibility.py
@@ -54,14 +54,12 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         events_to_filter = []
 
         for i in range(0, 10):
-            user = "@user%i:%s" % (
-                i, "test_server" if i == 5 else "other_server"
-            )
+            user = "@user%i:%s" % (i, "test_server" if i == 5 else "other_server")
             evt = yield self.inject_room_member(user, extra_content={"a": "b"})
             events_to_filter.append(evt)
 
         filtered = yield filter_events_for_server(
-            self.store, "test_server", events_to_filter,
+            self.store, "test_server", events_to_filter
         )
 
         # the result should be 5 redacted events, and 5 unredacted events.
@@ -100,19 +98,21 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         # ... and the filtering happens.
         filtered = yield filter_events_for_server(
-            self.store, "test_server", events_to_filter,
+            self.store, "test_server", events_to_filter
         )
 
         for i in range(0, len(events_to_filter)):
             self.assertEqual(
-                events_to_filter[i].event_id, filtered[i].event_id,
-                "Unexpected event at result position %i" % (i, )
+                events_to_filter[i].event_id,
+                filtered[i].event_id,
+                "Unexpected event at result position %i" % (i,),
             )
 
         for i in (0, 3):
             self.assertEqual(
-                events_to_filter[i].content["body"], filtered[i].content["body"],
-                "Unexpected event content at result position %i" % (i,)
+                events_to_filter[i].content["body"],
+                filtered[i].content["body"],
+                "Unexpected event content at result position %i" % (i,),
             )
 
         for i in (1, 4):
@@ -121,13 +121,15 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_visibility(self, user_id, visibility):
         content = {"history_visibility": visibility}
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": "m.room.history_visibility",
-            "sender": user_id,
-            "state_key": "",
-            "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-            "content": content,
-        })
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            {
+                "type": "m.room.history_visibility",
+                "sender": user_id,
+                "state_key": "",
+                "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+                "content": content,
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder
@@ -139,13 +141,15 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
     def inject_room_member(self, user_id, membership="join", extra_content={}):
         content = {"membership": membership}
         content.update(extra_content)
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": "m.room.member",
-            "sender": user_id,
-            "state_key": user_id,
-            "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-            "content": content,
-        })
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            {
+                "type": "m.room.member",
+                "sender": user_id,
+                "state_key": user_id,
+                "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+                "content": content,
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder
@@ -158,12 +162,14 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
     def inject_message(self, user_id, content=None):
         if content is None:
             content = {"body": "testytest"}
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new({
-            "type": "m.room.message",
-            "sender": user_id,
-            "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-            "content": content,
-        })
+        builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
+            {
+                "type": "m.room.message",
+                "sender": user_id,
+                "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+                "content": content,
+            }
+        )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
             builder
@@ -192,56 +198,54 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         # history_visibility event.
         room_state = []
 
-        history_visibility_evt = FrozenEvent({
-            "event_id": "$history_vis",
-            "type": "m.room.history_visibility",
-            "sender": "@resident_user_0:test.com",
-            "state_key": "",
-            "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-            "content": {"history_visibility": "joined"},
-        })
+        history_visibility_evt = FrozenEvent(
+            {
+                "event_id": "$history_vis",
+                "type": "m.room.history_visibility",
+                "sender": "@resident_user_0:test.com",
+                "state_key": "",
+                "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+                "content": {"history_visibility": "joined"},
+            }
+        )
         room_state.append(history_visibility_evt)
         test_store.add_event(history_visibility_evt)
 
         for i in range(0, 100000):
-            user = "@resident_user_%i:test.com" % (i, )
-            evt = FrozenEvent({
-                "event_id": "$res_event_%i" % (i, ),
-                "type": "m.room.member",
-                "state_key": user,
-                "sender": user,
-                "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-                "content": {
-                    "membership": "join",
-                    "extra": "zzz,"
-                },
-            })
+            user = "@resident_user_%i:test.com" % (i,)
+            evt = FrozenEvent(
+                {
+                    "event_id": "$res_event_%i" % (i,),
+                    "type": "m.room.member",
+                    "state_key": user,
+                    "sender": user,
+                    "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+                    "content": {"membership": "join", "extra": "zzz,"},
+                }
+            )
             room_state.append(evt)
             test_store.add_event(evt)
 
         events_to_filter = []
         for i in range(0, 10):
-            user = "@user%i:%s" % (
-                i, "test_server" if i == 5 else "other_server"
+            user = "@user%i:%s" % (i, "test_server" if i == 5 else "other_server")
+            evt = FrozenEvent(
+                {
+                    "event_id": "$evt%i" % (i,),
+                    "type": "m.room.member",
+                    "state_key": user,
+                    "sender": user,
+                    "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
+                    "content": {"membership": "join", "extra": "zzz"},
+                }
             )
-            evt = FrozenEvent({
-                "event_id": "$evt%i" % (i, ),
-                "type": "m.room.member",
-                "state_key": user,
-                "sender": user,
-                "room_id": TEST_ROOM_ID,
-                "content": {
-                    "membership": "join",
-                    "extra": "zzz",
-                },
-            })
             events_to_filter.append(evt)
             room_state.append(evt)
 
             test_store.add_event(evt)
-            test_store.set_state_ids_for_event(evt, {
-                (e.type, e.state_key): e.event_id for e in room_state
-            })
+            test_store.set_state_ids_for_event(
+                evt, {(e.type, e.state_key): e.event_id for e in room_state}
+            )
 
         pr = cProfile.Profile()
         pr.enable()
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         logger.info("Starting filtering")
         start = time.time()
         filtered = yield filter_events_for_server(
-            test_store, "test_server", events_to_filter,
+            test_store, "test_server", events_to_filter
         )
         logger.info("Filtering took %f seconds", time.time() - start)
 
@@ -275,6 +279,7 @@ class _TestStore(object):
     filter_events_for_server
 
     """
+
     def __init__(self):
         # data for get_events: a map from event_id to event
         self.events = {}
@@ -298,8 +303,8 @@ class _TestStore(object):
                 continue
             if type != "m.room.member" or state_key is not None:
                 raise RuntimeError(
-                    "Unimplemented: get_state_ids with type (%s, %s)" %
-                    (type, state_key),
+                    "Unimplemented: get_state_ids with type (%s, %s)"
+                    % (type, state_key)
                 )
             include_memberships = True
 
@@ -316,9 +321,7 @@ class _TestStore(object):
         return succeed(res)
 
     def get_events(self, events):
-        return succeed({
-            event_id: self.events[event_id] for event_id in events
-        })
+        return succeed({event_id: self.events[event_id] for event_id in events})
 
     def are_users_erased(self, users):
         return succeed({u: False for u in users})
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index b15b06726..f448a6dfb 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ def around(target):
     def method_name(orig, *args, **kwargs):
         return orig(*args, **kwargs)
     """
+
     def _around(code):
         name = code.__name__
         orig = getattr(target, name)
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             old_level = logging.getLogger().level
 
             if old_level != level:
+
                 @around(self)
                 def tearDown(orig):
                     ret = orig()
@@ -117,8 +119,9 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             actual (dict): The test result. Extra keys will not be checked.
         """
         for key in required:
-            self.assertEquals(required[key], actual[key],
-                              msg="%s mismatch. %s" % (key, actual))
+            self.assertEquals(
+                required[key], actual[key], msg="%s mismatch. %s" % (key, actual)
+            )
 
 
 def DEBUG(target):
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
index ca8a7c907..463a737ef 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
@@ -67,12 +67,8 @@ class CacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(cache.get("key2", None))
 
         # both callbacks should have been callbacked
-        self.assertTrue(
-            callback_record[0], "Invalidation callback for key1 not called",
-        )
-        self.assertTrue(
-            callback_record[1], "Invalidation callback for key2 not called",
-        )
+        self.assertTrue(callback_record[0], "Invalidation callback for key1 not called")
+        self.assertTrue(callback_record[1], "Invalidation callback for key2 not called")
 
         # letting the other lookup complete should do nothing
         d1.callback("result1")
@@ -168,8 +164,7 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             with logcontext.LoggingContext() as c1:
                 c1.name = "c1"
                 r = yield obj.fn(1)
-                self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
-                                 c1)
+                self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
             defer.returnValue(r)
 
         def check_result(r):
@@ -179,14 +174,18 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # set off a deferred which will do a cache lookup
         d1 = do_lookup()
-        self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
-                         logcontext.LoggingContext.sentinel)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
+            logcontext.LoggingContext.sentinel,
+        )
         d1.addCallback(check_result)
 
         # and another
         d2 = do_lookup()
-        self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
-                         logcontext.LoggingContext.sentinel)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
+            logcontext.LoggingContext.sentinel,
+        )
         d2.addCallback(check_result)
 
         # let the lookup complete
@@ -224,15 +223,16 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 except SynapseError:
                     pass
 
-                self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
-                                 c1)
+                self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
 
         obj = Cls()
 
         # set off a deferred which will do a cache lookup
         d1 = do_lookup()
-        self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
-                         logcontext.LoggingContext.sentinel)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
+            logcontext.LoggingContext.sentinel,
+        )
 
         return d1
 
@@ -288,14 +288,10 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
             @descriptors.cachedList("fn", "args1", inlineCallbacks=True)
             def list_fn(self, args1, arg2):
-                assert (
-                    logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context().request == "c1"
-                )
+                assert logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context().request == "c1"
                 # we want this to behave like an asynchronous function
                 yield run_on_reactor()
-                assert (
-                    logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context().request == "c1"
-                )
+                assert logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context().request == "c1"
                 defer.returnValue(self.mock(args1, arg2))
 
         with logcontext.LoggingContext() as c1:
@@ -308,10 +304,7 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 logcontext.LoggingContext.sentinel,
             )
             r = yield d1
-            self.assertEqual(
-                logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
-                c1
-            )
+            self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
             obj.mock.assert_called_once_with([10, 20], 2)
             self.assertEqual(r, {10: 'fish', 20: 'chips'})
             obj.mock.reset_mock()
@@ -337,6 +330,7 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_invalidate(self):
         """Make sure that invalidation callbacks are called."""
+
         class Cls(object):
             def __init__(self):
                 self.mock = mock.Mock()
diff --git a/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py b/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
index 26f2fa580..34fdc9a43 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_dict_cache.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class DictCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.cache = DictionaryCache("foobar")
 
@@ -41,9 +40,7 @@ class DictCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         key = "test_simple_cache_hit_partial"
 
         seq = self.cache.sequence
-        test_value = {
-            "test": "test_simple_cache_hit_partial"
-        }
+        test_value = {"test": "test_simple_cache_hit_partial"}
         self.cache.update(seq, key, test_value)
 
         c = self.cache.get(key, ["test"])
@@ -53,9 +50,7 @@ class DictCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         key = "test_simple_cache_miss_partial"
 
         seq = self.cache.sequence
-        test_value = {
-            "test": "test_simple_cache_miss_partial"
-        }
+        test_value = {"test": "test_simple_cache_miss_partial"}
         self.cache.update(seq, key, test_value)
 
         c = self.cache.get(key, ["test2"])
@@ -79,15 +74,11 @@ class DictCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         key = "test_simple_cache_hit_miss_partial"
 
         seq = self.cache.sequence
-        test_value_1 = {
-            "test": "test_simple_cache_hit_miss_partial",
-        }
+        test_value_1 = {"test": "test_simple_cache_hit_miss_partial"}
         self.cache.update(seq, key, test_value_1, fetched_keys=set("test"))
 
         seq = self.cache.sequence
-        test_value_2 = {
-            "test2": "test_simple_cache_hit_miss_partial2",
-        }
+        test_value_2 = {"test2": "test_simple_cache_hit_miss_partial2"}
         self.cache.update(seq, key, test_value_2, fetched_keys=set("test2"))
 
         c = self.cache.get(key)
@@ -96,5 +87,5 @@ class DictCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 "test": "test_simple_cache_hit_miss_partial",
                 "test2": "test_simple_cache_hit_miss_partial2",
             },
-            c.value
+            c.value,
         )
diff --git a/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py b/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
index d12b5e838..5cbada4ed 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_expiring_cache.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from .. import unittest
 
 
 class ExpiringCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_get_set(self):
         clock = MockClock()
         cache = ExpiringCache("test", clock, max_len=1)
diff --git a/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py b/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
index 7ce5f8c25..e90e08d1c 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_file_consumer.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class FileConsumerTests(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_pull_consumer(self):
         string_file = StringIO()
@@ -87,7 +86,9 @@ class FileConsumerTests(unittest.TestCase):
             producer = NonCallableMock(spec_set=["pauseProducing", "resumeProducing"])
 
             resume_deferred = defer.Deferred()
-            producer.resumeProducing.side_effect = lambda: resume_deferred.callback(None)
+            producer.resumeProducing.side_effect = lambda: resume_deferred.callback(
+                None
+            )
 
             consumer.registerProducer(producer, True)
 
diff --git a/tests/util/test_linearizer.py b/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
index 7f48a72de..61a55b461 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_linearizer.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class LinearizerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_linearizer(self):
         linearizer = Linearizer()
@@ -54,13 +53,11 @@ class LinearizerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         def func(i, sleep=False):
             with logcontext.LoggingContext("func(%s)" % i) as lc:
                 with (yield linearizer.queue("")):
-                    self.assertEqual(
-                        logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(), lc)
+                    self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(), lc)
                     if sleep:
                         yield Clock(reactor).sleep(0)
 
-                self.assertEqual(
-                    logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(), lc)
+                self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(), lc)
 
         func(0, sleep=True)
         for i in range(1, 100):
diff --git a/tests/util/test_logcontext.py b/tests/util/test_logcontext.py
index c54001f7a..4633db77b 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_logcontext.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_logcontext.py
@@ -8,11 +8,8 @@ from .. import unittest
 
 
 class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def _check_test_key(self, value):
-        self.assertEquals(
-            LoggingContext.current_context().request, value
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(LoggingContext.current_context().request, value)
 
     def test_with_context(self):
         with LoggingContext() as context_one:
@@ -50,6 +47,7 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 self._check_test_key("one")
                 callback_completed[0] = True
                 return res
+
             d.addCallback(cb)
 
             return d
@@ -74,8 +72,7 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             # make sure that the context was reset before it got thrown back
             # into the reactor
             try:
-                self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(),
-                              sentinel_context)
+                self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), sentinel_context)
                 d2.callback(None)
             except BaseException:
                 d2.errback(twisted.python.failure.Failure())
@@ -104,9 +101,7 @@ class LoggingContextTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # a function which returns a deferred which looks like it has been
         # called, but is actually paused
         def testfunc():
-            return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
-                _chained_deferred_function()
-            )
+            return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(_chained_deferred_function())
 
         return self._test_run_in_background(testfunc)
 
@@ -175,5 +170,6 @@ def _chained_deferred_function():
         d2 = defer.Deferred()
         reactor.callLater(0, d2.callback, res)
         return d2
+
     d.addCallback(cb)
     return d
diff --git a/tests/util/test_lrucache.py b/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
index 9b36ef448..786947375 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_lrucache.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from .. import unittest
 
 
 class LruCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_get_set(self):
         cache = LruCache(1)
         cache["key"] = "value"
@@ -235,7 +234,6 @@ class LruCacheCallbacksTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class LruCacheSizedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_evict(self):
         cache = LruCache(5, size_callback=len)
         cache["key1"] = [0]
diff --git a/tests/util/test_rwlock.py b/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
index 7cd470be6..bd32e2cee 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_rwlock.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class ReadWriteLockTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def _assert_called_before_not_after(self, lst, first_false):
         for i, d in enumerate(lst[:first_false]):
             self.assertTrue(d.called, msg="%d was unexpectedly false" % i)
@@ -36,12 +35,12 @@ class ReadWriteLockTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         key = object()
 
         ds = [
-            rwlock.read(key),   # 0
-            rwlock.read(key),   # 1
+            rwlock.read(key),  # 0
+            rwlock.read(key),  # 1
             rwlock.write(key),  # 2
             rwlock.write(key),  # 3
-            rwlock.read(key),   # 4
-            rwlock.read(key),   # 5
+            rwlock.read(key),  # 4
+            rwlock.read(key),  # 5
             rwlock.write(key),  # 6
         ]
 
diff --git a/tests/util/test_snapshot_cache.py b/tests/util/test_snapshot_cache.py
index 0f5b32fcc..1a44f7242 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_snapshot_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_snapshot_cache.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from .. import unittest
 
 
 class SnapshotCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.cache = SnapshotCache()
         self.cache.DURATION_MS = 1
diff --git a/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py b/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
index 65b0f2e6f..f2be63706 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
@@ -181,17 +181,8 @@ class StreamChangeCacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Query a subset of the entries mid-way through the stream. We should
         # only get back the subset.
         self.assertEqual(
-            cache.get_entities_changed(
-                [
-                    "bar@baz.net",
-                ],
-                stream_pos=2,
-            ),
-            set(
-                [
-                    "bar@baz.net",
-                ]
-            ),
+            cache.get_entities_changed(["bar@baz.net"], stream_pos=2),
+            set(["bar@baz.net"]),
         )
 
     def test_max_pos(self):
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 8d7379797..8668b5478 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ USE_POSTGRES_FOR_TESTS = False
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, reactor=None,
-                          **kargs):
+def setup_test_homeserver(
+    name="test", datastore=None, config=None, reactor=None, **kargs
+):
     """Setup a homeserver suitable for running tests against. Keyword arguments
     are passed to the Homeserver constructor. If no datastore is supplied a
     datastore backed by an in-memory sqlite db will be given to the HS.
@@ -96,20 +97,12 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, reactor=None
     if USE_POSTGRES_FOR_TESTS:
         config.database_config = {
             "name": "psycopg2",
-            "args": {
-                "database": "synapse_test",
-                "cp_min": 1,
-                "cp_max": 5,
-            },
+            "args": {"database": "synapse_test", "cp_min": 1, "cp_max": 5},
         }
     else:
         config.database_config = {
             "name": "sqlite3",
-            "args": {
-                "database": ":memory:",
-                "cp_min": 1,
-                "cp_max": 1,
-            },
+            "args": {"database": ":memory:", "cp_min": 1, "cp_max": 1},
         }
 
     db_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
@@ -121,7 +114,8 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, reactor=None
 
     if datastore is None:
         hs = HomeServer(
-            name, config=config,
+            name,
+            config=config,
             db_config=config.database_config,
             version_string="Synapse/tests",
             database_engine=db_engine,
@@ -143,7 +137,10 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, reactor=None
         hs.setup()
     else:
         hs = HomeServer(
-            name, db_pool=None, datastore=datastore, config=config,
+            name,
+            db_pool=None,
+            datastore=datastore,
+            config=config,
             version_string="Synapse/tests",
             database_engine=db_engine,
             room_list_handler=object(),
@@ -158,8 +155,9 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, reactor=None
     # because AuthHandler's constructor requires the HS, so we can't make one
     # beforehand and pass it in to the HS's constructor (chicken / egg)
     hs.get_auth_handler().hash = lambda p: hashlib.md5(p.encode('utf8')).hexdigest()
-    hs.get_auth_handler().validate_hash = lambda p, h: hashlib.md5(
-        p.encode('utf8')).hexdigest() == h
+    hs.get_auth_handler().validate_hash = (
+        lambda p, h: hashlib.md5(p.encode('utf8')).hexdigest() == h
+    )
 
     fed = kargs.get("resource_for_federation", None)
     if fed:
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(name="test", datastore=None, config=None, reactor=None
                 sleep_limit=hs.config.federation_rc_sleep_limit,
                 sleep_msec=hs.config.federation_rc_sleep_delay,
                 reject_limit=hs.config.federation_rc_reject_limit,
-                concurrent_requests=hs.config.federation_rc_concurrent
+                concurrent_requests=hs.config.federation_rc_concurrent,
             ),
         )
 
@@ -199,7 +197,6 @@ def mock_getRawHeaders(headers=None):
 
 # This is a mock /resource/ not an entire server
 class MockHttpResource(HttpServer):
-
     def __init__(self, prefix=""):
         self.callbacks = []  # 3-tuple of method/pattern/function
         self.prefix = prefix
@@ -263,15 +260,9 @@ class MockHttpResource(HttpServer):
             matcher = pattern.match(path)
             if matcher:
                 try:
-                    args = [
-                        urlparse.unquote(u)
-                        for u in matcher.groups()
-                    ]
+                    args = [urlparse.unquote(u) for u in matcher.groups()]
 
-                    (code, response) = yield func(
-                        mock_request,
-                        *args
-                    )
+                    (code, response) = yield func(mock_request, *args)
                     defer.returnValue((code, response))
                 except CodeMessageException as e:
                     defer.returnValue((e.code, cs_error(e.msg, code=e.errcode)))
@@ -372,8 +363,7 @@ class MockClock(object):
 
 def _format_call(args, kwargs):
     return ", ".join(
-        ["%r" % (a) for a in args] +
-        ["%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items()]
+        ["%r" % (a) for a in args] + ["%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items()]
     )
 
 
@@ -391,8 +381,9 @@ class DeferredMockCallable(object):
         self.calls.append((args, kwargs))
 
         if not self.expectations:
-            raise ValueError("%r has no pending calls to handle call(%s)" % (
-                self, _format_call(args, kwargs))
+            raise ValueError(
+                "%r has no pending calls to handle call(%s)"
+                % (self, _format_call(args, kwargs))
             )
 
         for (call, result, d) in self.expectations:
@@ -400,9 +391,9 @@ class DeferredMockCallable(object):
                 d.callback(None)
                 return result
 
-        failure = AssertionError("Was not expecting call(%s)" % (
-            _format_call(args, kwargs)
-        ))
+        failure = AssertionError(
+            "Was not expecting call(%s)" % (_format_call(args, kwargs))
+        )
 
         for _, _, d in self.expectations:
             try:
@@ -418,17 +409,19 @@ class DeferredMockCallable(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def await_calls(self, timeout=1000):
         deferred = defer.DeferredList(
-            [d for _, _, d in self.expectations],
-            fireOnOneErrback=True
+            [d for _, _, d in self.expectations], fireOnOneErrback=True
         )
 
         timer = reactor.callLater(
             timeout / 1000,
             deferred.errback,
-            AssertionError("%d pending calls left: %s" % (
-                len([e for e in self.expectations if not e[2].called]),
-                [e for e in self.expectations if not e[2].called]
-            ))
+            AssertionError(
+                "%d pending calls left: %s"
+                % (
+                    len([e for e in self.expectations if not e[2].called]),
+                    [e for e in self.expectations if not e[2].called],
+                )
+            ),
         )
 
         yield deferred
@@ -443,7 +436,6 @@ class DeferredMockCallable(object):
             self.calls = []
 
             raise AssertionError(
-                "Expected not to received any calls, got:\n" + "\n".join([
-                    "call(%s)" % _format_call(c[0], c[1]) for c in calls
-                ])
+                "Expected not to received any calls, got:\n"
+                + "\n".join(["call(%s)" % _format_call(c[0], c[1]) for c in calls])
             )