ansible/contrib/inventory/digital_ocean.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
DigitalOcean external inventory script
======================================

Generates Ansible inventory of DigitalOcean Droplets.

In addition to the --list and --host options used by Ansible, there are options
for generating JSON of other DigitalOcean data.  This is useful when creating
droplets.  For example, --regions will return all the DigitalOcean Regions.
This information can also be easily found in the cache file, whose default
location is /tmp/ansible-digital_ocean.cache).

The --pretty (-p) option pretty-prints the output for better human readability.

----
Although the cache stores all the information received from DigitalOcean,
the cache is not used for current droplet information (in --list, --host,
--all, and --droplets).  This is so that accurate droplet information is always
found.  You can force this script to use the cache with --force-cache.

----
Configuration is read from `digital_ocean.ini`, then from environment variables,
and then from command-line arguments.

Most notably, the DigitalOcean API Token must be specified. It can be specified
in the INI file or with the following environment variables:
    export DO_API_TOKEN='abc123' or
    export DO_API_KEY='abc123'

Alternatively, it can be passed on the command-line with --api-token.

If you specify DigitalOcean credentials in the INI file, a handy way to
get them into your environment (e.g., to use the digital_ocean module)
is to use the output of the --env option with export:
    export $(digital_ocean.py --env)

----
The following groups are generated from --list:
 - ID    (droplet ID)
 - NAME  (droplet NAME)
 - digital_ocean
 - image_ID
 - image_NAME
 - distro_NAME  (distribution NAME from image)
 - region_NAME
 - size_NAME
 - status_STATUS

For each host, the following variables are registered:
 - do_backup_ids
 - do_created_at
 - do_disk
 - do_features - list
 - do_id
 - do_image - object
 - do_ip_address
 - do_private_ip_address
 - do_kernel - object
 - do_locked
 - do_memory
 - do_name
 - do_networks - object
 - do_next_backup_window
 - do_region - object
 - do_size - object
 - do_size_slug
 - do_snapshot_ids - list
 - do_status
 - do_tags
 - do_vcpus
 - do_volume_ids

-----
```
usage: digital_ocean.py [-h] [--list] [--host HOST] [--all] [--droplets]
                        [--regions] [--images] [--sizes] [--ssh-keys]
                        [--domains] [--tags] [--pretty]
                        [--cache-path CACHE_PATH]
                        [--cache-max_age CACHE_MAX_AGE] [--force-cache]
                        [--refresh-cache] [--env] [--api-token API_TOKEN]

Produce an Ansible Inventory file based on DigitalOcean credentials

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --list                List all active Droplets as Ansible inventory
                        (default: True)
  --host HOST           Get all Ansible inventory variables about a specific
                        Droplet
  --all                 List all DigitalOcean information as JSON
  --droplets, -d        List Droplets as JSON
  --regions             List Regions as JSON
  --images              List Images as JSON
  --sizes               List Sizes as JSON
  --ssh-keys            List SSH keys as JSON
  --domains             List Domains as JSON
  --tags                List Tags as JSON
  --pretty, -p          Pretty-print results
  --cache-path CACHE_PATH
                        Path to the cache files (default: .)
  --cache-max_age CACHE_MAX_AGE
                        Maximum age of the cached items (default: 0)
  --force-cache         Only use data from the cache
  --refresh-cache, -r   Force refresh of cache by making API requests to
                        DigitalOcean (default: False - use cache files)
  --env, -e             Display DO_API_TOKEN
  --api-token API_TOKEN, -a API_TOKEN
                        DigitalOcean API Token
```

"""

# (c) 2013, Evan Wies <evan@neomantra.net>
# (c) 2017, Ansible Project
# (c) 2017, Abhijeet Kasurde <akasurde@redhat.com>
#
# Inspired by the EC2 inventory plugin:
# https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/devel/contrib/inventory/ec2.py
#
# This file is part of Ansible,
#
# Ansible is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# Ansible is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with Ansible.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

######################################################################

import argparse
import ast
import os
import re
import requests
import sys
from time import time

try:
    import ConfigParser
except ImportError:
    import configparser as ConfigParser

try:
    import json
except ImportError:
    import simplejson as json


class DoManager:
    def __init__(self, api_token):
        self.api_token = api_token
        self.api_endpoint = 'https://api.digitalocean.com/v2'
        self.headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer {0}'.format(self.api_token),
                        'Content-type': 'application/json'}
        self.timeout = 60

    def _url_builder(self, path):
        if path[0] == '/':
            path = path[1:]
        return '%s/%s' % (self.api_endpoint, path)

    def send(self, url, method='GET', data=None):
        url = self._url_builder(url)
        data = json.dumps(data)
        try:
            if method == 'GET':
                resp_data = {}
                incomplete = True
                while incomplete:
                    resp = requests.get(url, data=data, headers=self.headers, timeout=self.timeout)
                    json_resp = resp.json()

                    for key, value in json_resp.items():
                        if isinstance(value, list) and key in resp_data:
                            resp_data[key] += value
                        else:
                            resp_data[key] = value

                    try:
                        url = json_resp['links']['pages']['next']
                    except KeyError:
                        incomplete = False

        except ValueError as e:
            sys.exit("Unable to parse result from %s: %s" % (url, e))
        return resp_data

    def all_active_droplets(self):
        resp = self.send('droplets/')
        return resp['droplets']

    def all_regions(self):
        resp = self.send('regions/')
        return resp['regions']

    def all_images(self, filter_name='global'):
        params = {'filter': filter_name}
        resp = self.send('images/', data=params)
        return resp['images']

    def sizes(self):
        resp = self.send('sizes/')
        return resp['sizes']

    def all_ssh_keys(self):
        resp = self.send('account/keys')
        return resp['ssh_keys']

    def all_domains(self):
        resp = self.send('domains/')
        return resp['domains']

    def show_droplet(self, droplet_id):
        resp = self.send('droplets/%s' % droplet_id)
        return resp['droplet']

    def all_tags(self):
        resp = self.send('tags/')
        return resp['tags']


class DigitalOceanInventory(object):

    ###########################################################################
    # Main execution path
    ###########################################################################

    def __init__(self):
        """Main execution path """

        # DigitalOceanInventory data
        self.data = {}  # All DigitalOcean data
        self.inventory = {}  # Ansible Inventory

        # Define defaults
        self.cache_path = '.'
        self.cache_max_age = 0
        self.use_private_network = False
        self.group_variables = {}

        # Read settings, environment variables, and CLI arguments
        self.read_settings()
        self.read_environment()
        self.read_cli_args()

        # Verify credentials were set
        if not hasattr(self, 'api_token'):
            msg = 'Could not find values for DigitalOcean api_token. They must be specified via either ini file, ' \
                  'command line argument (--api-token), or environment variables (DO_API_TOKEN)\n'
            sys.stderr.write(msg)
            sys.exit(-1)

        # env command, show DigitalOcean credentials
        if self.args.env:
            print("DO_API_TOKEN=%s" % self.api_token)
            sys.exit(0)

        # Manage cache
        self.cache_filename = self.cache_path + "/ansible-digital_ocean.cache"
        self.cache_refreshed = False

        if self.is_cache_valid():
            self.load_from_cache()
            if len(self.data) == 0:
                if self.args.force_cache:
                    sys.stderr.write('Cache is empty and --force-cache was specified\n')
                    sys.exit(-1)

        self.manager = DoManager(self.api_token)

        # Pick the json_data to print based on the CLI command
        if self.args.droplets:
            self.load_from_digital_ocean('droplets')
            json_data = {'droplets': self.data['droplets']}
        elif self.args.regions:
            self.load_from_digital_ocean('regions')
            json_data = {'regions': self.data['regions']}
        elif self.args.images:
            self.load_from_digital_ocean('images')
            json_data = {'images': self.data['images']}
        elif self.args.sizes:
            self.load_from_digital_ocean('sizes')
            json_data = {'sizes': self.data['sizes']}
        elif self.args.ssh_keys:
            self.load_from_digital_ocean('ssh_keys')
            json_data = {'ssh_keys': self.data['ssh_keys']}
        elif self.args.domains:
            self.load_from_digital_ocean('domains')
            json_data = {'domains': self.data['domains']}
        elif self.args.tags:
            self.load_from_digital_ocean('tags')
            json_data = {'tags': self.data['tags']}
        elif self.args.all:
            self.load_from_digital_ocean()
            json_data = self.data
        elif self.args.host:
            json_data = self.load_droplet_variables_for_host()
        else:    # '--list' this is last to make it default
            self.load_from_digital_ocean('droplets')
            self.build_inventory()
            json_data = self.inventory

        if self.cache_refreshed:
            self.write_to_cache()

        if self.args.pretty:
            print(json.dumps(json_data, indent=2))
        else:
            print(json.dumps(json_data))

    ###########################################################################
    # Script configuration
    ###########################################################################

    def read_settings(self):
        """ Reads the settings from the digital_ocean.ini file """
        config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser()
        config_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'digital_ocean.ini')
        config.read(config_path)

        # Credentials
        if config.has_option('digital_ocean', 'api_token'):
            self.api_token = config.get('digital_ocean', 'api_token')

        # Cache related
        if config.has_option('digital_ocean', 'cache_path'):
            self.cache_path = config.get('digital_ocean', 'cache_path')
        if config.has_option('digital_ocean', 'cache_max_age'):
            self.cache_max_age = config.getint('digital_ocean', 'cache_max_age')

        # Private IP Address
        if config.has_option('digital_ocean', 'use_private_network'):
            self.use_private_network = config.getboolean('digital_ocean', 'use_private_network')

        # Group variables
        if config.has_option('digital_ocean', 'group_variables'):
            self.group_variables = ast.literal_eval(config.get('digital_ocean', 'group_variables'))

    def read_environment(self):
        """ Reads the settings from environment variables """
        # Setup credentials
        if os.getenv("DO_API_TOKEN"):
            self.api_token = os.getenv("DO_API_TOKEN")
        if os.getenv("DO_API_KEY"):
            self.api_token = os.getenv("DO_API_KEY")

    def read_cli_args(self):
        """ Command line argument processing """
        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Produce an Ansible Inventory file based on DigitalOcean credentials')

        parser.add_argument('--list', action='store_true', help='List all active Droplets as Ansible inventory (default: True)')
        parser.add_argument('--host', action='store', help='Get all Ansible inventory variables about a specific Droplet')

        parser.add_argument('--all', action='store_true', help='List all DigitalOcean information as JSON')
        parser.add_argument('--droplets', '-d', action='store_true', help='List Droplets as JSON')
        parser.add_argument('--regions', action='store_true', help='List Regions as JSON')
        parser.add_argument('--images', action='store_true', help='List Images as JSON')
        parser.add_argument('--sizes', action='store_true', help='List Sizes as JSON')
        parser.add_argument('--ssh-keys', action='store_true', help='List SSH keys as JSON')
        parser.add_argument('--domains', action='store_true', help='List Domains as JSON')
        parser.add_argument('--tags', action='store_true', help='List Tags as JSON')

        parser.add_argument('--pretty', '-p', action='store_true', help='Pretty-print results')

        parser.add_argument('--cache-path', action='store', help='Path to the cache files (default: .)')
        parser.add_argument('--cache-max_age', action='store', help='Maximum age of the cached items (default: 0)')
        parser.add_argument('--force-cache', action='store_true', default=False, help='Only use data from the cache')
        parser.add_argument('--refresh-cache', '-r', action='store_true', default=False,
                            help='Force refresh of cache by making API requests to DigitalOcean (default: False - use cache files)')

        parser.add_argument('--env', '-e', action='store_true', help='Display DO_API_TOKEN')
        parser.add_argument('--api-token', '-a', action='store', help='DigitalOcean API Token')

        self.args = parser.parse_args()

        if self.args.api_token:
            self.api_token = self.args.api_token

        # Make --list default if none of the other commands are specified
        if (not self.args.droplets and not self.args.regions and
                not self.args.images and not self.args.sizes and
                not self.args.ssh_keys and not self.args.domains and
                not self.args.tags and
                not self.args.all and not self.args.host):
            self.args.list = True

    ###########################################################################
    # Data Management
    ###########################################################################

    def load_from_digital_ocean(self, resource=None):
        """Get JSON from DigitalOcean API """
        if self.args.force_cache and os.path.isfile(self.cache_filename):
            return
        # We always get fresh droplets
        if self.is_cache_valid() and not (resource == 'droplets' or resource is None):
            return
        if self.args.refresh_cache:
            resource = None

        if resource == 'droplets' or resource is None:
            self.data['droplets'] = self.manager.all_active_droplets()
            self.cache_refreshed = True
        if resource == 'regions' or resource is None:
            self.data['regions'] = self.manager.all_regions()
            self.cache_refreshed = True
        if resource == 'images' or resource is None:
            self.data['images'] = self.manager.all_images()
            self.cache_refreshed = True
        if resource == 'sizes' or resource is None:
            self.data['sizes'] = self.manager.sizes()
            self.cache_refreshed = True
        if resource == 'ssh_keys' or resource is None:
            self.data['ssh_keys'] = self.manager.all_ssh_keys()
            self.cache_refreshed = True
        if resource == 'domains' or resource is None:
            self.data['domains'] = self.manager.all_domains()
            self.cache_refreshed = True
        if resource == 'tags' or resource is None:
            self.data['tags'] = self.manager.all_tags()
            self.cache_refreshed = True

    def build_inventory(self):
        """ Build Ansible inventory of droplets """
        self.inventory = {
            'all': {
                'hosts': [],
                'vars': self.group_variables
            },
            '_meta': {'hostvars': {}}
        }

        # add all droplets by id and name
        for droplet in self.data['droplets']:
            for net in droplet['networks']['v4']:
                if net['type'] == 'public':
                    dest = net['ip_address']
                else:
                    continue

            self.inventory['all']['hosts'].append(dest)

            self.inventory[droplet['id']] = [dest]
            self.inventory[droplet['name']] = [dest]

            # groups that are always present
            for group in ('digital_ocean',
                          'region_' + droplet['region']['slug'],
                          'image_' + str(droplet['image']['id']),
                          'size_' + droplet['size']['slug'],
                          'distro_' + DigitalOceanInventory.to_safe(droplet['image']['distribution']),
                          'status_' + droplet['status']):
                if group not in self.inventory:
                    self.inventory[group] = {'hosts': [], 'vars': {}}
                self.inventory[group]['hosts'].append(dest)

            # groups that are not always present
            for group in (droplet['image']['slug'],
                          droplet['image']['name']):
                if group:
                    image = 'image_' + DigitalOceanInventory.to_safe(group)
                    if image not in self.inventory:
                        self.inventory[image] = {'hosts': [], 'vars': {}}
                    self.inventory[image]['hosts'].append(dest)

            if droplet['tags']:
                for tag in droplet['tags']:
                    if tag not in self.inventory:
                        self.inventory[tag] = {'hosts': [], 'vars': {}}
                    self.inventory[tag]['hosts'].append(dest)

            # hostvars
            info = self.do_namespace(droplet)
            self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][dest] = info

    def load_droplet_variables_for_host(self):
        """ Generate a JSON response to a --host call """
        host = int(self.args.host)
        droplet = self.manager.show_droplet(host)
        info = self.do_namespace(droplet)
        return {'droplet': info}

    ###########################################################################
    # Cache Management
    ###########################################################################

    def is_cache_valid(self):
        """ Determines if the cache files have expired, or if it is still valid """
        if os.path.isfile(self.cache_filename):
            mod_time = os.path.getmtime(self.cache_filename)
            current_time = time()
            if (mod_time + self.cache_max_age) > current_time:
                return True
        return False

    def load_from_cache(self):
        """ Reads the data from the cache file and assigns it to member variables as Python Objects """
        try:
            with open(self.cache_filename, 'r') as cache:
                json_data = cache.read()
            data = json.loads(json_data)
        except IOError:
            data = {'data': {}, 'inventory': {}}

        self.data = data['data']
        self.inventory = data['inventory']

    def write_to_cache(self):
        """ Writes data in JSON format to a file """
        data = {'data': self.data, 'inventory': self.inventory}
        json_data = json.dumps(data, indent=2)

        with open(self.cache_filename, 'w') as cache:
            cache.write(json_data)

    ###########################################################################
    # Utilities
    ###########################################################################
    @staticmethod
    def to_safe(word):
        """ Converts 'bad' characters in a string to underscores so they can be used as Ansible groups """
        return re.sub(r"[^A-Za-z0-9\-.]", "_", word)

    @staticmethod
    def do_namespace(data):
        """ Returns a copy of the dictionary with all the keys put in a 'do_' namespace """
        info = {}
        for k, v in data.items():
            info['do_' + k] = v
        return info


###########################################################################
# Run the script
DigitalOceanInventory()