ansible/docs/docsite/rst/user_guide/collections_using.rst

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.. _collections:
*****************
Using collections
*****************
Collections are a distribution format for Ansible content that can include playbooks, roles, modules, and plugins.
You can install and use collections through `Ansible Galaxy <https://galaxy.ansible.com>`_.
* For details on how to *develop* collections see :ref:`developing_collections`.
* For the current development status of Collections and FAQ see `Ansible Collections Community Guide <https://github.com/ansible-collections/general/blob/master/README.rst>`_.
.. contents::
:local:
:depth: 2
.. _collections_installing:
Installing collections
======================
Installing collections with ``ansible-galaxy``
----------------------------------------------
.. include:: ../shared_snippets/installing_collections.txt
.. _collections_older_version:
Installing an older version of a collection
-------------------------------------------
.. include:: ../shared_snippets/installing_older_collection.txt
Installing a collection from a git repository
---------------------------------------------
.. include:: ../shared_snippets/installing_collections_git_repo.txt
.. _collection_requirements_file:
Install multiple collections with a requirements file
-----------------------------------------------------
.. include:: ../shared_snippets/installing_multiple_collections.txt
2020-02-24 23:30:34 +01:00
.. _collection_offline_download:
Downloading a collection for offline use
-----------------------------------------
.. include:: ../shared_snippets/download_tarball_collections.txt
.. _galaxy_server_config:
Configuring the ``ansible-galaxy`` client
------------------------------------------
.. include:: ../shared_snippets/galaxy_server_list.txt
.. _collections_downloading:
Downloading collections
=======================
To download a collection and its dependencies for an offline install, run ``ansible-galaxy collection download``. This
downloads the collections specified and their dependencies to the specified folder and creates a ``requirements.yml``
file which can be used to install those collections on a host without access to a Galaxy server. All the collections
are downloaded by default to the ``./collections`` folder.
Just like the ``install`` command, the collections are sourced based on the
:ref:`configured galaxy server config <galaxy_server_config>`. Even if a collection to download was specified by a URL
or path to a tarball, the collection will be redownloaded from the configured Galaxy server.
Collections can be specified as one or multiple collections or with a ``requirements.yml`` file just like
``ansible-galaxy collection install``.
To download a single collection and its dependencies:
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection download my_namespace.my_collection
To download a single collection at a specific version:
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection download my_namespace.my_collection:1.0.0
To download multiple collections either specify multiple collections as command line arguments as shown above or use a
requirements file in the format documented with :ref:`collection_requirements_file`.
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection download -r requirements.yml
All the collections are downloaded by default to the ``./collections`` folder but you can use ``-p`` or
``--download-path`` to specify another path:
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection download my_namespace.my_collection -p ~/offline-collections
Once you have downloaded the collections, the folder contains the collections specified, their dependencies, and a
``requirements.yml`` file. You can use this folder as is with ``ansible-galaxy collection install`` to install the
collections on a host without access to a Galaxy or Automation Hub server.
.. code-block:: bash
# This must be run from the folder that contains the offline collections and requirements.yml file downloaded
# by the internet-connected host
cd ~/offline-collections
ansible-galaxy collection install -r requirements.yml
Add ansible-galaxy collection list command (#65022) * Start adding ansible-galaxy collection list options * Working list all collections and list a specific collection * Nuke debugging cruft * Use to_text to get a string of the FQCN for sorting * Improve collection output formatting - add header - display collection name and version in separate columns - width of columns is dynamic based on collection name and version length * Make role list output match collection output list - add header - add columns for role name and version - make column width dynamic based on name and version length * remove debug statemnt and extra header * Revert "Make role list output match collection output list" This reverts commit a0b3db47bb3b198aafd34c1f1be5b6561af2f928. * Add validate_collection_path function Utility function for ensuring a collection target ends with 'ansible_collection' * Use validate_collection_path * Do not warn if a specific collection in found in any search path * Fix extraneous warning and remove duplicate code Do not warn when listing a specific collection and it does not exist in other collection paths. Restructure the code that loops through collection paths to remove duplicate conditional code. * Indicate role path was found * Use new function name * WIP Save Point * Use separate functions for role and collection list * Wrap error message There may be a better way to do this besides hard coding a line break, but this does make the message a lot more readable. * Add validate_collection_path function (#66441) * Add validate_collection_path function Utility function for ensuring a collection target ends with 'ansible_collection' * Fix bad syntax * Correct docstring * Bikeshed the names * Properly list a single role * Simplify _display_warnings() Only display warnings. Move exception raise back to each caller. * Move private methods to private functions They don't need self, so it makes sense to have them as functions Get rid of _display_warnings() function since it doesn't do anything worthy of an independent function. * Add integration tests for ansible-galaxy collection list * Fix docs sanity test * Fix bug where ansible_collections dir does not exist The path may exist, but if there is no ansible_collections dir inside that path, an exception was raised in find_existing_collections(). Add integration test for this scenario * Put execute_list() method back * Add some informational messages for debugging * Add unit tests Units tests for the various private methods in support of collection list * Start adding unit tests for test_execute_list * Display collection path when listing specific collection * Add unit tests for listing all collections and specific collection - Create fixture for creating test objects - Add function for controlling os.path.isdir results * Set defaults for minimum collection widths Ensure that collections with small FQCNs display correctly. Add unit tests * Split up unit tests and fix fixtures Add more fixtures for mocking objects during the specific collection tests * Change help message for -p in list subcommand Give accurate description of what it actually does rather than trying to use language shared between sub commands. * Disable colorized output in unit test * Add docs for collection list * Fix integration test on macOS The temp file path is really long on macOS, so the warning message gets wrapped across multiple lines. That make seth grep fail. Switch to matching on a smaller part of the warning. * Recreate common path options for collections Improve help about what the '-p' option does and how it works. * Remove unnecessary elif after continue statements * Account for duplicate paths in collections_searh_paths If someone specifies the same path via '-p' that is the COLLECTIONS_PATHS, do not list the collections twice. * Docs updates
2020-02-14 21:00:00 +01:00
.. _collections_listing:
Listing collections
===================
To list installed collections, run ``ansible-galaxy collection list``. This shows all of the installed collections found in the configured collections search paths. It will also show collections under development which contain a galaxy.yml file instead of a MANIFEST.json. The path where the collections are located are displayed as well as version information. If no version information is available, a ``*`` is displayed for the version number.
Add ansible-galaxy collection list command (#65022) * Start adding ansible-galaxy collection list options * Working list all collections and list a specific collection * Nuke debugging cruft * Use to_text to get a string of the FQCN for sorting * Improve collection output formatting - add header - display collection name and version in separate columns - width of columns is dynamic based on collection name and version length * Make role list output match collection output list - add header - add columns for role name and version - make column width dynamic based on name and version length * remove debug statemnt and extra header * Revert "Make role list output match collection output list" This reverts commit a0b3db47bb3b198aafd34c1f1be5b6561af2f928. * Add validate_collection_path function Utility function for ensuring a collection target ends with 'ansible_collection' * Use validate_collection_path * Do not warn if a specific collection in found in any search path * Fix extraneous warning and remove duplicate code Do not warn when listing a specific collection and it does not exist in other collection paths. Restructure the code that loops through collection paths to remove duplicate conditional code. * Indicate role path was found * Use new function name * WIP Save Point * Use separate functions for role and collection list * Wrap error message There may be a better way to do this besides hard coding a line break, but this does make the message a lot more readable. * Add validate_collection_path function (#66441) * Add validate_collection_path function Utility function for ensuring a collection target ends with 'ansible_collection' * Fix bad syntax * Correct docstring * Bikeshed the names * Properly list a single role * Simplify _display_warnings() Only display warnings. Move exception raise back to each caller. * Move private methods to private functions They don't need self, so it makes sense to have them as functions Get rid of _display_warnings() function since it doesn't do anything worthy of an independent function. * Add integration tests for ansible-galaxy collection list * Fix docs sanity test * Fix bug where ansible_collections dir does not exist The path may exist, but if there is no ansible_collections dir inside that path, an exception was raised in find_existing_collections(). Add integration test for this scenario * Put execute_list() method back * Add some informational messages for debugging * Add unit tests Units tests for the various private methods in support of collection list * Start adding unit tests for test_execute_list * Display collection path when listing specific collection * Add unit tests for listing all collections and specific collection - Create fixture for creating test objects - Add function for controlling os.path.isdir results * Set defaults for minimum collection widths Ensure that collections with small FQCNs display correctly. Add unit tests * Split up unit tests and fix fixtures Add more fixtures for mocking objects during the specific collection tests * Change help message for -p in list subcommand Give accurate description of what it actually does rather than trying to use language shared between sub commands. * Disable colorized output in unit test * Add docs for collection list * Fix integration test on macOS The temp file path is really long on macOS, so the warning message gets wrapped across multiple lines. That make seth grep fail. Switch to matching on a smaller part of the warning. * Recreate common path options for collections Improve help about what the '-p' option does and how it works. * Remove unnecessary elif after continue statements * Account for duplicate paths in collections_searh_paths If someone specifies the same path via '-p' that is the COLLECTIONS_PATHS, do not list the collections twice. * Docs updates
2020-02-14 21:00:00 +01:00
.. code-block:: shell
# /home/astark/.ansible/collections/ansible_collections
Collection Version
-------------------------- -------
cisco.aci 0.0.5
cisco.mso 0.0.4
sandwiches.ham *
splunk.es 0.0.5
Add ansible-galaxy collection list command (#65022) * Start adding ansible-galaxy collection list options * Working list all collections and list a specific collection * Nuke debugging cruft * Use to_text to get a string of the FQCN for sorting * Improve collection output formatting - add header - display collection name and version in separate columns - width of columns is dynamic based on collection name and version length * Make role list output match collection output list - add header - add columns for role name and version - make column width dynamic based on name and version length * remove debug statemnt and extra header * Revert "Make role list output match collection output list" This reverts commit a0b3db47bb3b198aafd34c1f1be5b6561af2f928. * Add validate_collection_path function Utility function for ensuring a collection target ends with 'ansible_collection' * Use validate_collection_path * Do not warn if a specific collection in found in any search path * Fix extraneous warning and remove duplicate code Do not warn when listing a specific collection and it does not exist in other collection paths. Restructure the code that loops through collection paths to remove duplicate conditional code. * Indicate role path was found * Use new function name * WIP Save Point * Use separate functions for role and collection list * Wrap error message There may be a better way to do this besides hard coding a line break, but this does make the message a lot more readable. * Add validate_collection_path function (#66441) * Add validate_collection_path function Utility function for ensuring a collection target ends with 'ansible_collection' * Fix bad syntax * Correct docstring * Bikeshed the names * Properly list a single role * Simplify _display_warnings() Only display warnings. Move exception raise back to each caller. * Move private methods to private functions They don't need self, so it makes sense to have them as functions Get rid of _display_warnings() function since it doesn't do anything worthy of an independent function. * Add integration tests for ansible-galaxy collection list * Fix docs sanity test * Fix bug where ansible_collections dir does not exist The path may exist, but if there is no ansible_collections dir inside that path, an exception was raised in find_existing_collections(). Add integration test for this scenario * Put execute_list() method back * Add some informational messages for debugging * Add unit tests Units tests for the various private methods in support of collection list * Start adding unit tests for test_execute_list * Display collection path when listing specific collection * Add unit tests for listing all collections and specific collection - Create fixture for creating test objects - Add function for controlling os.path.isdir results * Set defaults for minimum collection widths Ensure that collections with small FQCNs display correctly. Add unit tests * Split up unit tests and fix fixtures Add more fixtures for mocking objects during the specific collection tests * Change help message for -p in list subcommand Give accurate description of what it actually does rather than trying to use language shared between sub commands. * Disable colorized output in unit test * Add docs for collection list * Fix integration test on macOS The temp file path is really long on macOS, so the warning message gets wrapped across multiple lines. That make seth grep fail. Switch to matching on a smaller part of the warning. * Recreate common path options for collections Improve help about what the '-p' option does and how it works. * Remove unnecessary elif after continue statements * Account for duplicate paths in collections_searh_paths If someone specifies the same path via '-p' that is the COLLECTIONS_PATHS, do not list the collections twice. * Docs updates
2020-02-14 21:00:00 +01:00
# /usr/share/ansible/collections/ansible_collections
Collection Version
----------------- -------
fortinet.fortios 1.0.6
pureport.pureport 0.0.8
sensu.sensu_go 1.3.0
Run with ``-vvv`` to display more detailed information.
To list a specific collection, pass a valid fully qualified collection name (FQCN) to the command ``ansible-galaxy collection list``. All instances of the collection will be listed.
.. code-block:: shell
> ansible-galaxy collection list fortinet.fortios
# /home/astark/.ansible/collections/ansible_collections
Collection Version
---------------- -------
fortinet.fortios 1.0.1
# /usr/share/ansible/collections/ansible_collections
Collection Version
---------------- -------
fortinet.fortios 1.0.6
To search other paths for collections, use the ``-p`` option. Specify multiple search paths by separating them with a ``:``. The list of paths specified on the command line will be added to the beginning of the configured collections search paths.
.. code-block:: shell
> ansible-galaxy collection list -p '/opt/ansible/collections:/etc/ansible/collections'
# /opt/ansible/collections/ansible_collections
Collection Version
--------------- -------
sandwiches.club 1.7.2
# /etc/ansible/collections/ansible_collections
Collection Version
-------------- -------
sandwiches.pbj 1.2.0
# /home/astark/.ansible/collections/ansible_collections
Collection Version
-------------------------- -------
cisco.aci 0.0.5
cisco.mso 0.0.4
fortinet.fortios 1.0.1
sandwiches.ham *
splunk.es 0.0.5
Add ansible-galaxy collection list command (#65022) * Start adding ansible-galaxy collection list options * Working list all collections and list a specific collection * Nuke debugging cruft * Use to_text to get a string of the FQCN for sorting * Improve collection output formatting - add header - display collection name and version in separate columns - width of columns is dynamic based on collection name and version length * Make role list output match collection output list - add header - add columns for role name and version - make column width dynamic based on name and version length * remove debug statemnt and extra header * Revert "Make role list output match collection output list" This reverts commit a0b3db47bb3b198aafd34c1f1be5b6561af2f928. * Add validate_collection_path function Utility function for ensuring a collection target ends with 'ansible_collection' * Use validate_collection_path * Do not warn if a specific collection in found in any search path * Fix extraneous warning and remove duplicate code Do not warn when listing a specific collection and it does not exist in other collection paths. Restructure the code that loops through collection paths to remove duplicate conditional code. * Indicate role path was found * Use new function name * WIP Save Point * Use separate functions for role and collection list * Wrap error message There may be a better way to do this besides hard coding a line break, but this does make the message a lot more readable. * Add validate_collection_path function (#66441) * Add validate_collection_path function Utility function for ensuring a collection target ends with 'ansible_collection' * Fix bad syntax * Correct docstring * Bikeshed the names * Properly list a single role * Simplify _display_warnings() Only display warnings. Move exception raise back to each caller. * Move private methods to private functions They don't need self, so it makes sense to have them as functions Get rid of _display_warnings() function since it doesn't do anything worthy of an independent function. * Add integration tests for ansible-galaxy collection list * Fix docs sanity test * Fix bug where ansible_collections dir does not exist The path may exist, but if there is no ansible_collections dir inside that path, an exception was raised in find_existing_collections(). Add integration test for this scenario * Put execute_list() method back * Add some informational messages for debugging * Add unit tests Units tests for the various private methods in support of collection list * Start adding unit tests for test_execute_list * Display collection path when listing specific collection * Add unit tests for listing all collections and specific collection - Create fixture for creating test objects - Add function for controlling os.path.isdir results * Set defaults for minimum collection widths Ensure that collections with small FQCNs display correctly. Add unit tests * Split up unit tests and fix fixtures Add more fixtures for mocking objects during the specific collection tests * Change help message for -p in list subcommand Give accurate description of what it actually does rather than trying to use language shared between sub commands. * Disable colorized output in unit test * Add docs for collection list * Fix integration test on macOS The temp file path is really long on macOS, so the warning message gets wrapped across multiple lines. That make seth grep fail. Switch to matching on a smaller part of the warning. * Recreate common path options for collections Improve help about what the '-p' option does and how it works. * Remove unnecessary elif after continue statements * Account for duplicate paths in collections_searh_paths If someone specifies the same path via '-p' that is the COLLECTIONS_PATHS, do not list the collections twice. * Docs updates
2020-02-14 21:00:00 +01:00
# /usr/share/ansible/collections/ansible_collections
Collection Version
----------------- -------
fortinet.fortios 1.0.6
pureport.pureport 0.0.8
sensu.sensu_go 1.3.0
.. _using_collections:
Verifying collections
=====================
Verifying collections with ``ansible-galaxy``
---------------------------------------------
Once installed, you can verify that the content of the installed collection matches the content of the collection on the server. This feature expects that the collection is installed in one of the configured collection paths and that the collection exists on one of the configured galaxy servers.
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection verify my_namespace.my_collection
The output of the ``ansible-galaxy collection verify`` command is quiet if it is successful. If a collection has been modified, the altered files are listed under the collection name.
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection verify my_namespace.my_collection
Collection my_namespace.my_collection contains modified content in the following files:
my_namespace.my_collection
plugins/inventory/my_inventory.py
plugins/modules/my_module.py
You can use the ``-vvv`` flag to display additional information, such as the version and path of the installed collection, the URL of the remote collection used for validation, and successful verification output.
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection verify my_namespace.my_collection -vvv
...
Verifying 'my_namespace.my_collection:1.0.0'.
Installed collection found at '/path/to/ansible_collections/my_namespace/my_collection/'
Remote collection found at 'https://galaxy.ansible.com/download/my_namespace-my_collection-1.0.0.tar.gz'
Successfully verified that checksums for 'my_namespace.my_collection:1.0.0' match the remote collection
If you have a pre-release or non-latest version of a collection installed you should include the specific version to verify. If the version is omitted, the installed collection is verified against the latest version available on the server.
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection verify my_namespace.my_collection:1.0.0
In addition to the ``namespace.collection_name:version`` format, you can provide the collections to verify in a ``requirements.yml`` file. Dependencies listed in ``requirements.yml`` are not included in the verify process and should be verified separately.
.. code-block:: bash
ansible-galaxy collection verify -r requirements.yml
Verifying against ``tar.gz`` files is not supported. If your ``requirements.yml`` contains paths to tar files or URLs for installation, you can use the ``--ignore-errors`` flag to ensure that all collections using the ``namespace.name`` format in the file are processed.
.. _collections_using_playbook:
Using collections in a Playbook
===============================
Once installed, you can reference a collection content by its fully qualified collection name (FQCN):
.. code-block:: yaml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- my_namespace.my_collection.mymodule:
option1: value
This works for roles or any type of plugin distributed within the collection:
.. code-block:: yaml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- import_role:
name: my_namespace.my_collection.role1
- my_namespace.mycollection.mymodule:
option1: value
- debug:
msg: '{{ lookup("my_namespace.my_collection.lookup1", 'param1')| my_namespace.my_collection.filter1 }}'
Simplifying module names with the ``collections`` keyword
=========================================================
The ``collections`` keyword lets you define a list of collections that your role or playbook should search for unqualified module and action names. So you can use the ``collections`` keyword, then simply refer to modules and action plugins by their short-form names throughout that role or playbook.
.. warning::
If your playbook uses both the ``collections`` keyword and one or more roles, the roles do not inherit the collections set by the playbook. See below for details.
Using ``collections`` in roles
------------------------------
Within a role, you can control which collections Ansible searches for the tasks inside the role using the ``collections`` keyword in the role's ``meta/main.yml``. Ansible will use the collections list defined inside the role even if the playbook that calls the role defines different collections in a separate ``collections`` keyword entry. Roles defined inside a collection always implicitly search their own collection first, so you don't need to use the ``collections`` keyword to access modules, actions, or other roles contained in the same collection.
.. code-block:: yaml
# myrole/meta/main.yml
collections:
- my_namespace.first_collection
- my_namespace.second_collection
- other_namespace.other_collection
Using ``collections`` in playbooks
----------------------------------
In a playbook, you can control the collections Ansible searches for modules and action plugins to execute. However, any roles you call in your playbook define their own collections search order; they do not inherit the calling playbook's settings. This is true even if the role does not define its own ``collections`` keyword.
.. code-block:: yaml
- hosts: all
collections:
- my_namespace.my_collection
tasks:
- import_role:
name: role1
- mymodule:
option1: value
- debug:
msg: '{{ lookup("my_namespace.my_collection.lookup1", 'param1')| my_namespace.my_collection.filter1 }}'
The ``collections`` keyword merely creates an ordered 'search path' for non-namespaced plugin and role references. It does not install content or otherwise change Ansible's behavior around the loading of plugins or roles. Note that an FQCN is still required for non-action or module plugins (e.g., lookups, filters, tests).
.. seealso::
:ref:`developing_collections`
Develop or modify a collection.
:ref:`collections_galaxy_meta`
Understand the collections metadata structure.
`Mailing List <https://groups.google.com/group/ansible-devel>`_
The development mailing list
`irc.freenode.net <http://irc.freenode.net>`_
#ansible IRC chat channel