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Various docs reorg and additions

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Michael DeHaan 2012-05-13 11:00:02 -04:00
parent bdba38c790
commit 4994566124
21 changed files with 523 additions and 660 deletions
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9
YAMLSyntax.html
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@ -129,14 +129,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="index.html"
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>

13
api.html
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@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment" href="index.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Module Development Guide" href="moduledev.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Playbooks" href="playbooks.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Module Development" href="moduledev.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Advanced Playbooks" href="playbooks2.html" />
<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
/**
@ -129,14 +129,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="index.html"
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>

21
examples.html
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Command Line Examples &mdash; Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment</title>
<title>Command Line &mdash; Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/bootstrap.css" type="text/css" />
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment" href="index.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Ansible Modules" href="modules.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups" href="patterns.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Inventory &amp; Patterns" href="patterns.html" />
<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
/**
@ -129,14 +129,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="index.html"
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>
@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="#"
class="dropdown-toggle">Page</a>
<span class="localtoc"><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Command Line Examples</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Command Line</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands">Parallelism and Shell Commands</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-transfer-templating">File Transfer &amp; Templating</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-packages">Managing Packages</a></li>
@ -180,8 +181,8 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="http://ansible.github.com"><img src="http://ansible.github.com/ansible-logo.png" alt="Ansible"/></a><br/>
<br/>
<div class="section" id="command-line-examples">
<h1>Command Line Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-examples" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="command-line">
<h1>Command Line<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The following examples show how to use <cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite> for running ad-hoc tasks.
Start here.</p>
<p>For configuration management and deployments, you&#8217;ll want to pick up on
@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ not required.</p>
<p>It is also possible to sudo to a user other than root using &#8211;sudo-user (-U):</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible atlanta -a "/usr/bin/foo" -u yourname -U otheruser [--ask-sudo-pass]</pre>
</div>
<p>Ok, so those are basics. If you didn&#8217;t read about patterns and groups yet, go back and read <a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</em></a>.</p>
<p>Ok, so those are basics. If you didn&#8217;t read about patterns and groups yet, go back and read <a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>Inventory &amp; Patterns</em></a>.</p>
<p>The -f 10 in the above specifies the usage of 10 simultaneous processes. Normally commands also take
a <cite>-m</cite> for module name, but the default module name is &#8216;command&#8217;, so we didn&#8217;t need to specify that
all of the time. We&#8217;ll use <cite>-m</cite> in later examples to run some other <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a>.</p>

13
faq.html
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment" href="index.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Module Development Guide" href="moduledev.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Module Development" href="moduledev.html" />
<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
/**
@ -128,14 +128,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="index.html"
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>
@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ tasks &#8211; whether for a QA sytem, build system, or anything you can think of
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a></dt>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a></dt>
<dd>Examples of basic commands</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
<dd>Learning ansible&#8217;s configuration management language</dd>

9
genindex.html
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@ -127,14 +127,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="index.html"
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>

23
gettingstarted.html
View file

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Downloads &amp; Getting Started &mdash; Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment</title>
<title>Getting Started &mdash; Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/bootstrap.css" type="text/css" />
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment" href="index.html" />
<link rel="next" title="The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups" href="patterns.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Inventory &amp; Patterns" href="patterns.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="The Future Is Now" href="index.html" />
<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
@ -129,14 +129,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="index.html"
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>
@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="#"
class="dropdown-toggle">Page</a>
<span class="localtoc"><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#requirements">Requirements</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-2-6-epel-instructions-for-rhel-and-centos-5">Python 2.6 EPEL instructions for RHEL and CentOS 5</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#getting-ansible">Getting Ansible</a><ul>
@ -184,8 +185,8 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="http://ansible.github.com"><img src="http://ansible.github.com/ansible-logo.png" alt="Ansible"/></a><br/>
<br/>
<div class="section" id="downloads-getting-started">
<h1>Downloads &amp; Getting Started<a class="headerlink" href="#downloads-getting-started" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="getting-started">
<h1>Getting Started<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-started" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="requirements">
<h2>Requirements<a class="headerlink" href="#requirements" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Requirements for Ansible are extremely minimal.</p>
@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa</pre>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible all -a "/bin/echo hello"</pre>
</div>
<p>Congratulations. You&#8217;ve just contacted your nodes with Ansible. It&#8217;s
now time to read some of the more real-world <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a>, and explore
now time to read some of the more real-world <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a>, and explore
what you can do with different modules, as well as the Ansible
<a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> language. Ansible is not just about running commands, it
also has powerful configuration management and deployment features. There&#8217;s more to
@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ explore, but you already have a fully working infrastructure!</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a></dt>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a></dt>
<dd>Examples of basic commands</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
<dd>Learning ansible&#8217;s configuration management language</dd>

41
index.html
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment" href="#" />
<link rel="next" title="Downloads &amp; Getting Started" href="gettingstarted.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Getting Started" href="gettingstarted.html" />
<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
/**
@ -128,14 +128,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="#"
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>
@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ much learning curve. Ansible is dead simple and painless to extend.
For comparison, Puppet and Chef have about 60k lines of code.
Ansible&#8217;s core is a little over 1000 lines.</p>
<p>Ansible isn&#8217;t just for idempotent configuration &#8211; it&#8217;s also great for ad-hoc
tasks, quickly firing off commands against nodes. See <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a>.</p>
tasks, quickly firing off commands against nodes. See <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="innovative-multi-node-control">
<h1>Innovative Multi-node Control<a class="headerlink" href="#innovative-multi-node-control" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ Email: <input type=text name=email>&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type=submit name="sub" val
<h1>Contents<a class="headerlink" href="#contents" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html#python-2-6-epel-instructions-for-rhel-and-centos-5">Python 2.6 EPEL instructions for RHEL and CentOS 5</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html#getting-ansible">Getting Ansible</a><ul>
@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ Email: <input type=text name=email>&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type=submit name="sub" val
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html#your-first-commands">Your first commands</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html#hosts-and-groups">Hosts and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html#selecting-targets">Selecting Targets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html#host-variables">Host Variables</a></li>
@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ Email: <input type=text name=email>&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type=submit name="sub" val
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html#yaml-inventory-format">YAML Inventory Format</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#parallelism-and-shell-commands">Parallelism and Shell Commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#file-transfer-templating">File Transfer &amp; Templating</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#managing-packages">Managing Packages</a></li>
@ -346,20 +347,24 @@ Email: <input type=text name=email>&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type=submit name="sub" val
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#running-operations-on-change">Running Operations On Change</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#power-tricks">Power Tricks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#local-playbooks">Local Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#variables-from-other-hosts">Variables From Other Hosts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data">External Variables and Prompted or Sensitive Data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#conditional-execution">Conditional Execution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#conditional-imports">Conditional Imports</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#include-files-and-reuse">Include Files And Reuse</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#using-includes-to-assign-classes-of-systems">Using Includes To Assign Classes of Systems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#loop-shorthand">Loop Shorthand</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#asynchronous-actions-and-polling">Asynchronous Actions and Polling</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html#executing-a-playbook">Executing A Playbook</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#local-playbooks">Local Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#pull-mode-playbooks">Pull-Mode Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#variables-from-other-hosts">Variables From Other Hosts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data">External Variables and Prompted or Sensitive Data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#conditional-execution">Conditional Execution</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#conditional-imports">Conditional Imports</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#using-includes-to-assign-classes-of-systems">Using Includes To Assign Classes of Systems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#loop-shorthand">Loop Shorthand</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html#asynchronous-actions-and-polling">Asynchronous Actions and Polling</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html#python-api">Python API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html#detailed-api-example">Detailed API Example</a></li>
@ -372,7 +377,7 @@ Email: <input type=text name=email>&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type=submit name="sub" val
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html#tutorial">Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html#testing-modules">Testing Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html#reading-input">Reading Input</a></li>

17
moduledev.html
View file

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Module Development Guide &mdash; Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment</title>
<title>Module Development &mdash; Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
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@ -129,14 +129,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Module Development Guide</a></li>
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@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
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class="dropdown-toggle">Page</a>
<span class="localtoc"><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Module Development Guide</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Module Development</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tutorial">Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#testing-modules">Testing Modules</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reading-input">Reading Input</a></li>
@ -182,8 +183,8 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="http://ansible.github.com"><img src="http://ansible.github.com/ansible-logo.png" alt="Ansible"/></a><br/>
<br/>
<div class="section" id="module-development-guide">
<h1>Module Development Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#module-development-guide" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="module-development">
<h1>Module Development<a class="headerlink" href="#module-development" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Ansible modules are reusable units of magic that can be used by the Ansible API,
or by the <cite>ansible</cite> or <cite>ansible-playbook</cite> programs.</p>
<p>Modules can be written in any language and are found in the path specified

19
modules.html
View file

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment" href="index.html" />
<link rel="next" title="YAML Syntax" href="YAMLSyntax.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Command Line Examples" href="examples.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Command Line" href="examples.html" />
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@ -129,14 +129,15 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="index.html"
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>
@ -254,8 +255,6 @@ apt pkg=foo state=installed
apt pkg=foo=1.00 state=installed
apt pkg=nginx state=latest default-release=squeeze-backports update-cache=yes</pre>
</div>
<p>NOTE: the apt module cannot currently request installation of a specific software version, as the yum
module can. This should be available in a future release.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="command">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>command<a class="headerlink" href="#command" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
@ -751,15 +750,15 @@ yum pkg=httpd state=installed</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="writing-your-own-modules">
<h2>Writing your own modules<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-your-own-modules" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development Guide</em></a>.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development</em></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a></dt>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a></dt>
<dd>Examples of using modules in /usr/bin/ansible</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
<dd>Examples of using modules with /usr/bin/ansible-playbook</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development Guide</em></a></dt>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development</em></a></dt>
<dd>How to write your own modules</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="api.html"><em>API &amp; Integrations</em></a></dt>
<dd>Examples of using modules with the Python API</dd>

27
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View file

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups &mdash; Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment</title>
<title>Inventory &amp; Patterns &mdash; Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management &amp; Deployment</title>
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@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hosts-and-groups">Hosts and Groups</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#selecting-targets">Selecting Targets</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#host-variables">Host Variables</a></li>
@ -179,8 +180,8 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
<a href="http://ansible.github.com"><img src="http://ansible.github.com/ansible-logo.png" alt="Ansible"/></a><br/>
<br/>
<div class="section" id="the-inventory-file-patterns-and-groups">
<span id="patterns"></span><h1>The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#the-inventory-file-patterns-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="inventory-patterns">
<span id="patterns"></span><h1>Inventory &amp; Patterns<a class="headerlink" href="#inventory-patterns" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in
Ansible&#8217;s inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts.</p>
@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ after the hostname with a colon.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="selecting-targets">
<h2>Selecting Targets<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-targets" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>We&#8217;ll go over how to use the command line in <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a> section, however, basically it looks like this:</p>
<p>We&#8217;ll go over how to use the command line in <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a> section, however, basically it looks like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible &lt;pattern_goes_here&gt; -m &lt;module_name&gt; -a &lt;arguments&gt;</pre>
</div>
<p>Such as:</p>
@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ wildcards:</p>
<p>It&#8217;s also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one*.com:dbservers</pre>
</div>
<p>Easy enough. See <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a> and then <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for how to do things to selected hosts.</p>
<p>Easy enough. See <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a> and then <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for how to do things to selected hosts.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="host-variables">
<h2>Host Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#host-variables" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ YAML:</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a></dt>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line</em></a></dt>
<dd>Examples of basic commands</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
<dd>Learning ansible&#8217;s configuration management language</dd>

285
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View file

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
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<link rel="next" title="Advanced Playbooks" href="playbooks2.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="YAML Syntax" href="YAMLSyntax.html" />
<script type="text/javascript">
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class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>
@ -155,15 +156,7 @@ s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-operations-on-change">Running Operations On Change</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#power-tricks">Power Tricks</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#local-playbooks">Local Playbooks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#variables-from-other-hosts">Variables From Other Hosts</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data">External Variables and Prompted or Sensitive Data</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conditional-execution">Conditional Execution</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conditional-imports">Conditional Imports</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#include-files-and-reuse">Include Files And Reuse</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-includes-to-assign-classes-of-systems">Using Includes To Assign Classes of Systems</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loop-shorthand">Loop Shorthand</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#asynchronous-actions-and-polling">Asynchronous Actions and Polling</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#executing-a-playbook">Executing A Playbook</a></li>
@ -249,7 +242,7 @@ server group, then more commands back on the webservers group, etc.</p>
<p>For each play in a playbook, you get to choose which machines in your infrastructure
to target and what remote user to complete the steps (called tasks) as.</p>
<p>The <cite>hosts</cite> line is a list of one or more groups or host patterns,
separated by colons, as described in the <a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html#patterns"><em>The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</em></a>
separated by colons, as described in the <a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html#patterns"><em>Inventory &amp; Patterns</em></a>
documentation. The <cite>user</cite> is just the name of the user account:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
- hosts: webservers
@ -276,14 +269,16 @@ Just <cite>Control-C</cite> to kill it and run it again with <cite>-K</cite>.</p
van_halen_port: 5150
other: 'magic'</pre>
</div>
<p>These variables can be used later in the playbook, or on the managed system (in templates), just like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>{{ varname }}</pre>
</div>
<p>Within playbooks themselves, but not within templates on the remote machines, it&#8217;s also legal
to use nicer shorthand like this:</p>
<p>These variables can be used later in the playbook like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>$varname</pre>
</div>
<p>Further, if there are discovered variables about the system (ansible provides some of these,
<p>In templates, the full power of the Jinja2 templating language is also available, which looks like this:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>{{ varname }}</div></blockquote>
<p>The Jinja2 documentation provides information about how to construct loops and conditionals for those
who which to use more advanced templating. This is optional and the $varname format still works in template
files.</p>
<p>If there are discovered variables about the system (ansible provides some of these,
plus we include ones taken from facter or ohai if installed) these variables bubble up back into the
playbook, and can be used on each system just like explicitly set
variables.</p>
@ -382,143 +377,6 @@ won&#8217;t need them for much else.</p>
<h2>Power Tricks<a class="headerlink" href="#power-tricks" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Now that you have the basics down, let&#8217;s learn some more advanced
things you can do with playbooks.</p>
<div class="section" id="local-playbooks">
<h3>Local Playbooks<a class="headerlink" href="#local-playbooks" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>It may be useful to use a playbook locally, rather than by connecting over SSH. This can be useful
for assuring the configuration of a system by putting a playbook on a crontab. This may also be used
to run a playbook inside a OS installer, such as an Anaconda kickstart.</p>
<p>To run an entire playbook locally, just set the &#8220;hosts:&#8221; line to &#8220;hosts:127.0.0.1&#8221; and then run the playbook like so:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible-playbook playbook.yml --connection=local</pre>
</div>
<p>Alternatively, a local connection can be used in a single playbook play, even if other plays in the playbook
use the default remote connection type:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>hosts: 127.0.0.1
connection: local</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="variables-from-other-hosts">
<h3>Variables From Other Hosts<a class="headerlink" href="#variables-from-other-hosts" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If your database server wants to check the value of a &#8216;fact&#8217; from another node, it&#8217;s easy to do so
within a template or even an action line:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>{{ hostvars.get('name_of_host').get('name_of_fact') }}</pre>
</div>
<p>NOTE: No database or other complex system is required to exchange data between hosts. The hosts that you
want to reference data from must be included in either the current play or any previous play.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data">
<h3>External Variables and Prompted or Sensitive Data<a class="headerlink" href="#external-variables-and-prompted-or-sensitive-data" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>It&#8217;s a great idea to keep your playbooks under source control, but
you may wish to make the playbook source public while keeping certain
important variables private. Similarly, sometimes you may just
want to keep certain information in different files, away from
the main playbook.</p>
<p>You can do this by using an external variables file, or files, just like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars:
favcolor: blue
vars_files:
- /vars/external_vars.yml
tasks:
- name: this is just a placeholder
action: command /bin/echo foo</pre>
</div>
<p>This removes the risk of sharing sensitive data with others when
sharing your playbook source with them.</p>
<p>The contents of each variables file is a simple YAML dictionary, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
# in the above example, this would be vars/external_vars.yml
somevar: somevalue
password: magic</pre>
</div>
<p>Alternatively, you may wish to prompt the user for certain input, and can
do so with the similarly named &#8216;vars_prompt&#8217; section. This has uses
beyond security, for instance, you may use the same playbook for all
software releases and would prompt for a particular release version
in a push-script:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars:
from: "camelot"
vars_prompt:
name: "what is your name?"
quest: "what is your quest?"
favcolor: "what is your favorite color?"</pre>
</div>
<p>There are full examples of both of these items in the github examples/playbooks directory.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conditional-execution">
<h3>Conditional Execution<a class="headerlink" href="#conditional-execution" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Sometimes you will want to skip a particular step on a particular host. This could be something
as simple as not installing a certain package if the operating system is a particular version,
or it could be something like performing some cleanup steps if a filesystem is getting full.</p>
<p>This is easy to do in Ansible, with the <cite>only_if</cite> clause. This clause can be applied to any task,
and allows usage of variables from anywhere in ansible, either denoted with <cite>$dollar_sign_syntax</cite> or
<cite>{{ braces_syntax }}</cite> and then evaluates them with a Python expression. Don&#8217;t panic &#8211; it&#8217;s actually
pretty simple:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>vars:
favcolor: blue
is_favcolor_blue: "'$favcolor' == 'blue'"
is_centos: "'$facter_operatingsystem' == 'CentOS'"
tasks:
- name: "shutdown if my favorite color is blue"
action: command /sbin/shutdown -t now
only_if: '$is_favcolor_blue'</pre>
</div>
<p>Variables from tools like <cite>facter</cite> and <cite>ohai</cite> can be used here, if installed, or you can
use variables that bubble up from ansible (0.3 and later). As a reminder,
these variables are prefixed, so it&#8217;s <cite>$facter_operatingsystem</cite>, not <cite>$operatingsystem</cite>. Ansible&#8217;s
built in variables are prefixed with <cite>ansible_</cite>. The only_if
expression is actually a tiny small bit of Python, so be sure to quote variables and make something
that evaluates to <cite>True</cite> or <cite>False</cite>. It is a good idea to use &#8216;vars_files&#8217; instead of &#8216;vars&#8217; to define
all of your conditional expressions in a way that makes them very easy to reuse between plays
and playbooks.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conditional-imports">
<h3>Conditional Imports<a class="headerlink" href="#conditional-imports" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Sometimes you will want to do certain things differently in a playbook based on certain criteria.
Having one playbook that works on multiple platforms and OS versions is a good example.</p>
<p>As an example, the name of the Apache package may be different between CentOS and Debian,
but it is easily handled with a minimum of syntax in an Ansible Playbook:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars_files:
- "vars/common.yml"
- [ "vars/$facter_operatingsystem.yml", "vars/os_defaults.yml" ]
tasks:
- name: make sure apache is running
action: service name=$apache state=running</pre>
</div>
<p>Note that a variable (<cite>$facter_operatingsystem</cite>) is being interpolated into the list of
filenames being defined for vars_files.</p>
<p>As a reminder, the various YAML files contain just keys and values:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
# for vars/CentOS.yml
apache: httpd
somethingelse: 42</pre>
</div>
<p>How does this work? If the operating system was &#8216;CentOS&#8217;, the first file Ansible would try to import
would be &#8216;vars/CentOS.yml&#8217;, followed up by &#8216;/vars/os_defaults.yml&#8217; if that file
did not exist. If no files in the list were found, an error would be raised.
On Debian, it would instead first look towards &#8216;vars/Debian.yml&#8217; instead of &#8216;vars/CentOS.yml&#8217;, before
falling back on &#8216;vars/os_defaults.yml&#8217;. Pretty simple.</p>
<p>To use this conditional import feature, you&#8217;ll need facter or ohai installed prior to running the playbook, but
you can of course push this out with Ansible if you like:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre># for facter
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=facter ensure=installed"
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=ruby-json ensure=installed"
# for ohai
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=ohai ensure=installed"</pre>
</div>
<p>Ansible&#8217;s approach to configuration &#8211; seperating variables from tasks, keeps your playbooks
from turning into arbitrary code with ugly nested ifs, conditionals, and so on - and results
in more streamlined &amp; auditable configuration rules &#8211; especially because there are a
minimum of decision points to track.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="include-files-and-reuse">
<h3>Include Files And Reuse<a class="headerlink" href="#include-files-and-reuse" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Suppose you want to reuse lists of tasks between plays or playbooks. You can use
@ -543,11 +401,7 @@ contain all of my wordpress tasks in a single wordpress.yml file, and use it lik
- include: wordpress.yml user=alice
- include: wordpress.yml user=bob</pre>
</div>
<p>Variables passed in can be used in the included files. Using
<cite>jinja2</cite> syntax, in the included file, you can reference them like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>{{ user }}</pre>
</div>
<p>or, more simply, using Ansible&#8217;s simplified variable syntax:</p>
<p>Variables passed in can be used in the included files. You can reference them like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>$user</pre>
</div>
<p>In addition to the explicitly passed in parameters, all variables from
@ -576,107 +430,6 @@ of a play:</p>
with &#8216;vars_files&#8217;. If you find yourself needing to do this, consider how you can
restructure your playbook to be more class/role oriented.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-includes-to-assign-classes-of-systems">
<h3>Using Includes To Assign Classes of Systems<a class="headerlink" href="#using-includes-to-assign-classes-of-systems" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Include files are really powerful when used to reuse logic between playbooks. You
could imagine a playbook describing your entire infrastructure like
this, in a list of just a few plays:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
- hosts: atlanta-webservers
vars:
datacenter: atlanta
tasks:
- include: tasks/base.yml
- include: tasks/webservers.yml database=db.atlanta.com
handlers:
- include: handlers/common.yml
- hosts: atlanta-dbservers
vars:
datacenter: atlanta
tasks:
- include: tasks/base.yml
- include: tasks/dbservers.yml
handlers:
- include: handlers/common.yml</pre>
</div>
<p>There is one (or more) play defined for each group of systems, and
each play maps each group to several includes. These includes represent
&#8216;class definitions&#8217;, telling the systems what they are supposed to do or be.
In the above example, all hosts get the base configuration first and further
customize it depending on what class or nature of machines they are.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Playbooks do not always have to be declarative; you can do something
similar to model a push process for a multi-tier web application. This is
actually one of the things playbooks were invented to do.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loop-shorthand">
<h3>Loop Shorthand<a class="headerlink" href="#loop-shorthand" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>To save some typing, repeated tasks can be written in short-hand like so:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- name: add user $item
action: user name=$item state=present groups=wheel
with_items:
- testuser1
- testuser2</pre>
</div>
<p>The above would be the equivalent of:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- name: add user testuser1
action: user name=testuser1 state=present groups=wheel
- name: add user testuser2
action: user name=testuser2 state=present groups=wheel</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="asynchronous-actions-and-polling">
<h3>Asynchronous Actions and Polling<a class="headerlink" href="#asynchronous-actions-and-polling" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>By default tasks in playbooks block, meaning the connections stay open
until the task is done on each node. If executing playbooks with
a small parallelism value (aka <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--forks</span></tt>), you may wish that long
running operations can go faster. The easiest way to do this is
to kick them off all at once and then poll until they are done.</p>
<p>You will also want to use asynchronous mode on very long running
operations that might be subject to timeout.</p>
<p>To launch a task asynchronously, specify its maximum runtime
and how frequently you would like to poll for status. The default
poll value is 10 seconds if you do not specify a value for <cite>poll</cite>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
- hosts: all
user: root
tasks:
- name: simulate long running op (15 sec), wait for up to 45, poll every 5
action: command /bin/sleep 15
async: 45
poll: 5</pre>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">There is no default for the async time limit. If you leave off the
&#8216;async&#8217; keyword, the task runs synchronously, which is Ansible&#8217;s
default.</p>
</div>
<p>Alternatively, if you do not need to wait on the task to complete, you may
&#8220;fire and forget&#8221; by specifying a poll value of 0:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
- hosts: all
user: root
tasks:
- name: simulate long running op, allow to run for 45, fire and forget
action: command /bin/sleep 15
async: 45
poll: 0</pre>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">You shouldn&#8217;t &#8220;fire and forget&#8221; with operations that require
exclusive locks, such as yum transactions, if you expect to run other
commands later in the playbook against those same resources.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Using a higher value for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--forks</span></tt> will result in kicking off asynchronous
tasks even faster. This also increases the efficiency of polling.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="executing-a-playbook">
<h2>Executing A Playbook<a class="headerlink" href="#executing-a-playbook" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
@ -689,11 +442,13 @@ Let&#8217;s run a playbook using a parallelism level of 10:</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html"><em>YAML Syntax</em></a></dt>
<dd>Learn about YAML syntax</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html"><em>Advanced Playbooks</em></a></dt>
<dd>Learn about Advanced Playbook Features</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a></dt>
<dd>Learn about available modules</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development Guide</em></a></dt>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development</em></a></dt>
<dd>Learn how to extend Ansible by writing your own modules</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</em></a></dt>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>Inventory &amp; Patterns</em></a></dt>
<dd>Learn about how to select hosts</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible/tree/master/examples/playbooks">Github examples directory</a></dt>
<dd>Complete playbook files from the github project source</dd>

4
rst/examples.rst
View file

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
Command Line Examples
=====================
Command Line
============
The following examples show how to use `/usr/bin/ansible` for running ad-hoc tasks.
Start here.

35
rst/faq.rst
View file

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
Frequently Asked Questions
==========================
FAQ
===
What inspired Ansible?
----------------------
@ -155,30 +155,37 @@ How does Ansible scale?
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Whether in single-execution mode or using ansible playbooks, ansible can
run multiple commands in seperate forks, thanks to the magic behind
run multiple commands in seperate parallel forks, thanks to the magic behind
Python's multiprocessing module.
If you need to address 500 machines you can decide if you want to try
to contact 5 at a time, or 50 at a time.
It's up to you and how much power you can throw at it, but its heritage
is about handling those kinds of use cases.
You can decide if you want to try to manage 5 hosts at a time, or 50 at a time.
It's up to you and how much power you can throw at it and how fast you want
to go.
There are no daemons so it's entirely up to you. When you are aren't using
Ansible, it is not consuming any resources.
Ansible, it is not consuming any resources, and you don't have to contend
with a herd of machines all knocking at the door of your management server
all at once.
If you have 10,000 systems, running a single ansible playbook against all of
them probably isn't always appropriate, but most users shouldn't have any problems.
If you want to kick off an async task/module, it's probably fine. We also
support a local connection mode (--connection=local) that will enable pull
based usage for those that want that. Look for future features in this area.
them probably isn't appropriate, which is why ansible-pull exists.
If you'd like to discuss scaling, please hop on the mailing list.
This tool is designed for running out of git and cron, and can scale to any
number of hosts. Ansible-pull uses local connections versus SSH, but can be
easily bootstrapped or reconfigured just using SSH. There is more information
available about this in the ref:`playbooks2` section. The self-bootstrapping
and ease of use are ansible are still retained, even when switching to the pull
model.
If you'd like to discuss scaling strategies further, please hop on the mailing list.
Are transports other than SSH supported?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Currently SSH is the only remote transport, though the interface is pluggable so a
Currently SSH and local connections are supported. In 0.5, we'll also be including
a faster SSH transport. The interface is actually pluggable so a
small patch could bring transport over message bus or XMPP as an option.
Stop by the mailing list if you have ideas. The connection-specific parts of Ansible
are all abstracted away from the core implementation so it is very easy to extend.

4
rst/gettingstarted.rst
View file

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
Downloads & Getting Started
===========================
Getting Started
===============
Requirements
````````````

1
rst/index.rst
View file

@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ Contents
modules
YAMLSyntax
playbooks
playbooks2
api
moduledev
faq

4
rst/moduledev.rst
View file

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
Module Development Guide
========================
Module Development
==================
Ansible modules are reusable units of magic that can be used by the Ansible API,
or by the `ansible` or `ansible-playbook` programs.

4
rst/patterns.rst
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
.. _patterns:
The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups
========================================
Inventory & Patterns
====================
Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in

291
rst/playbooks.rst
View file

@ -97,16 +97,19 @@ The `vars` section contains a list of variables and values that can be used in t
van_halen_port: 5150
other: 'magic'
These variables can be used later in the playbook, or on the managed system (in templates), just like this::
{{ varname }}
Within playbooks themselves, but not within templates on the remote machines, it's also legal
to use nicer shorthand like this::
These variables can be used later in the playbook like this::
$varname
Further, if there are discovered variables about the system (ansible provides some of these,
In templates, the full power of the Jinja2 templating language is also available, which looks like this:
{{ varname }}
The Jinja2 documentation provides information about how to construct loops and conditionals for those
who which to use more advanced templating. This is optional and the $varname format still works in template
files.
If there are discovered variables about the system (ansible provides some of these,
plus we include ones taken from facter or ohai if installed) these variables bubble up back into the
playbook, and can be used on each system just like explicitly set
variables.
@ -227,166 +230,6 @@ Power Tricks
Now that you have the basics down, let's learn some more advanced
things you can do with playbooks.
Local Playbooks
+++++++++++++++
It may be useful to use a playbook locally, rather than by connecting over SSH. This can be useful
for assuring the configuration of a system by putting a playbook on a crontab. This may also be used
to run a playbook inside a OS installer, such as an Anaconda kickstart.
To run an entire playbook locally, just set the "hosts:" line to "hosts:127.0.0.1" and then run the playbook like so::
ansible-playbook playbook.yml --connection=local
Alternatively, a local connection can be used in a single playbook play, even if other plays in the playbook
use the default remote connection type::
hosts: 127.0.0.1
connection: local
Variables From Other Hosts
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
If your database server wants to check the value of a 'fact' from another node, it's easy to do so
within a template or even an action line::
{{ hostvars.get('name_of_host').get('name_of_fact') }}
NOTE: No database or other complex system is required to exchange data between hosts. The hosts that you
want to reference data from must be included in either the current play or any previous play.
External Variables and Prompted or Sensitive Data
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
It's a great idea to keep your playbooks under source control, but
you may wish to make the playbook source public while keeping certain
important variables private. Similarly, sometimes you may just
want to keep certain information in different files, away from
the main playbook.
You can do this by using an external variables file, or files, just like this::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars:
favcolor: blue
vars_files:
- /vars/external_vars.yml
tasks:
- name: this is just a placeholder
action: command /bin/echo foo
This removes the risk of sharing sensitive data with others when
sharing your playbook source with them.
The contents of each variables file is a simple YAML dictionary, like this::
---
# in the above example, this would be vars/external_vars.yml
somevar: somevalue
password: magic
Alternatively, you may wish to prompt the user for certain input, and can
do so with the similarly named 'vars_prompt' section. This has uses
beyond security, for instance, you may use the same playbook for all
software releases and would prompt for a particular release version
in a push-script::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars:
from: "camelot"
vars_prompt:
name: "what is your name?"
quest: "what is your quest?"
favcolor: "what is your favorite color?"
There are full examples of both of these items in the github examples/playbooks directory.
Conditional Execution
+++++++++++++++++++++
Sometimes you will want to skip a particular step on a particular host. This could be something
as simple as not installing a certain package if the operating system is a particular version,
or it could be something like performing some cleanup steps if a filesystem is getting full.
This is easy to do in Ansible, with the `only_if` clause. This clause can be applied to any task,
and allows usage of variables from anywhere in ansible, either denoted with `$dollar_sign_syntax` or
`{{ braces_syntax }}` and then evaluates them with a Python expression. Don't panic -- it's actually
pretty simple::
vars:
favcolor: blue
is_favcolor_blue: "'$favcolor' == 'blue'"
is_centos: "'$facter_operatingsystem' == 'CentOS'"
tasks:
- name: "shutdown if my favorite color is blue"
action: command /sbin/shutdown -t now
only_if: '$is_favcolor_blue'
Variables from tools like `facter` and `ohai` can be used here, if installed, or you can
use variables that bubble up from ansible (0.3 and later). As a reminder,
these variables are prefixed, so it's `$facter_operatingsystem`, not `$operatingsystem`. Ansible's
built in variables are prefixed with `ansible_`. The only_if
expression is actually a tiny small bit of Python, so be sure to quote variables and make something
that evaluates to `True` or `False`. It is a good idea to use 'vars_files' instead of 'vars' to define
all of your conditional expressions in a way that makes them very easy to reuse between plays
and playbooks.
Conditional Imports
+++++++++++++++++++
Sometimes you will want to do certain things differently in a playbook based on certain criteria.
Having one playbook that works on multiple platforms and OS versions is a good example.
As an example, the name of the Apache package may be different between CentOS and Debian,
but it is easily handled with a minimum of syntax in an Ansible Playbook::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars_files:
- "vars/common.yml"
- [ "vars/$facter_operatingsystem.yml", "vars/os_defaults.yml" ]
tasks:
- name: make sure apache is running
action: service name=$apache state=running
Note that a variable (`$facter_operatingsystem`) is being interpolated into the list of
filenames being defined for vars_files.
As a reminder, the various YAML files contain just keys and values::
---
# for vars/CentOS.yml
apache: httpd
somethingelse: 42
How does this work? If the operating system was 'CentOS', the first file Ansible would try to import
would be 'vars/CentOS.yml', followed up by '/vars/os_defaults.yml' if that file
did not exist. If no files in the list were found, an error would be raised.
On Debian, it would instead first look towards 'vars/Debian.yml' instead of 'vars/CentOS.yml', before
falling back on 'vars/os_defaults.yml'. Pretty simple.
To use this conditional import feature, you'll need facter or ohai installed prior to running the playbook, but
you can of course push this out with Ansible if you like::
# for facter
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=facter ensure=installed"
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=ruby-json ensure=installed"
# for ohai
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=ohai ensure=installed"
Ansible's approach to configuration -- seperating variables from tasks, keeps your playbooks
from turning into arbitrary code with ugly nested ifs, conditionals, and so on - and results
in more streamlined & auditable configuration rules -- especially because there are a
minimum of decision points to track.
Include Files And Reuse
+++++++++++++++++++++++
@ -417,13 +260,8 @@ contain all of my wordpress tasks in a single wordpress.yml file, and use it lik
- include: wordpress.yml user=alice
- include: wordpress.yml user=bob
Variables passed in can be used in the included files. Using
`jinja2` syntax, in the included file, you can reference them like this::
Variables passed in can be used in the included files. You can reference them like this::
{{ user }}
or, more simply, using Ansible's simplified variable syntax::
$user
In addition to the explicitly passed in parameters, all variables from
@ -456,111 +294,6 @@ with 'vars_files'. If you find yourself needing to do this, consider how you ca
restructure your playbook to be more class/role oriented.
Using Includes To Assign Classes of Systems
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Include files are really powerful when used to reuse logic between playbooks. You
could imagine a playbook describing your entire infrastructure like
this, in a list of just a few plays::
---
- hosts: atlanta-webservers
vars:
datacenter: atlanta
tasks:
- include: tasks/base.yml
- include: tasks/webservers.yml database=db.atlanta.com
handlers:
- include: handlers/common.yml
- hosts: atlanta-dbservers
vars:
datacenter: atlanta
tasks:
- include: tasks/base.yml
- include: tasks/dbservers.yml
handlers:
- include: handlers/common.yml
There is one (or more) play defined for each group of systems, and
each play maps each group to several includes. These includes represent
'class definitions', telling the systems what they are supposed to do or be.
In the above example, all hosts get the base configuration first and further
customize it depending on what class or nature of machines they are.
.. note::
Playbooks do not always have to be declarative; you can do something
similar to model a push process for a multi-tier web application. This is
actually one of the things playbooks were invented to do.
Loop Shorthand
++++++++++++++
To save some typing, repeated tasks can be written in short-hand like so::
- name: add user $item
action: user name=$item state=present groups=wheel
with_items:
- testuser1
- testuser2
The above would be the equivalent of::
- name: add user testuser1
action: user name=testuser1 state=present groups=wheel
- name: add user testuser2
action: user name=testuser2 state=present groups=wheel
Asynchronous Actions and Polling
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
By default tasks in playbooks block, meaning the connections stay open
until the task is done on each node. If executing playbooks with
a small parallelism value (aka ``--forks``), you may wish that long
running operations can go faster. The easiest way to do this is
to kick them off all at once and then poll until they are done.
You will also want to use asynchronous mode on very long running
operations that might be subject to timeout.
To launch a task asynchronously, specify its maximum runtime
and how frequently you would like to poll for status. The default
poll value is 10 seconds if you do not specify a value for `poll`::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
tasks:
- name: simulate long running op (15 sec), wait for up to 45, poll every 5
action: command /bin/sleep 15
async: 45
poll: 5
.. note::
There is no default for the async time limit. If you leave off the
'async' keyword, the task runs synchronously, which is Ansible's
default.
Alternatively, if you do not need to wait on the task to complete, you may
"fire and forget" by specifying a poll value of 0::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
tasks:
- name: simulate long running op, allow to run for 45, fire and forget
action: command /bin/sleep 15
async: 45
poll: 0
.. note::
You shouldn't "fire and forget" with operations that require
exclusive locks, such as yum transactions, if you expect to run other
commands later in the playbook against those same resources.
.. note::
Using a higher value for ``--forks`` will result in kicking off asynchronous
tasks even faster. This also increases the efficiency of polling.
Executing A Playbook
````````````````````
@ -573,6 +306,8 @@ Let's run a playbook using a parallelism level of 10::
:doc:`YAMLSyntax`
Learn about YAML syntax
:doc:`playbooks2`
Learn about Advanced Playbook Features
:doc:`modules`
Learn about available modules
:doc:`moduledev`

352
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@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
Advanced Playbooks
==================
Here are some advanced features of the playbooks language. Using all of these features
are not neccessary, but many of them will prove useful.
Local Playbooks
+++++++++++++++
It may be useful to use a playbook locally, rather than by connecting over SSH. This can be useful
for assuring the configuration of a system by putting a playbook on a crontab. This may also be used
to run a playbook inside a OS installer, such as an Anaconda kickstart.
To run an entire playbook locally, just set the "hosts:" line to "hosts:127.0.0.1" and then run the playbook like so::
ansible-playbook playbook.yml --connection=local
Alternatively, a local connection can be used in a single playbook play, even if other plays in the playbook
use the default remote connection type::
hosts: 127.0.0.1
connection: local
Pull-Mode Playbooks
+++++++++++++++++++
The use of playbooks in local mode (above) is made extremely powerful with the addition of `ansible-pull` in the
0.4 release. A script for setting up ansible-pull is provided in the examples/playbooks directory of the source
checkout.
The basic idea is to use Ansible to set up a remote copy of ansible on each managed node, each set to run via
cron and update playbook source via git. This interverts the default push architecture of ansible into a pull
architecture, which has near-limitless scaling potential. The setup playbook can be tuned to change
the cron frequency, logging locations, and parameters to ansible-pull.
Accessing Hash and Array Variable Data
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Some provided facts, like networking information, are made available as nested datastructures. To access
them a simple '$foo' is not sufficient, but it is still easy to do. Here's how we get an IP address using
Ansible 0.4 and later::
${ansible_eth0.ipv4.address}
It is also possible to access variables whose elements are arrays::
${somelist[1]}
And the array and hash reference syntaxes can be mixed.
Accessing Variables From Other Hosts
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
If your database server wants to check the value of a 'fact' from another node, or an inventory variable
assigned to another node, it's easy to do so within a template or even an action line (note: this uses syntax available in 0.4 and later)::
${hostvars.hostname.factname}
NOTE: No database or other complex system is required to exchange data between hosts. The hosts that you
want to reference data from must be included in either the current play or any previous play.
External Variables and Prompted or Sensitive Data
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
It's a great idea to keep your playbooks under source control, but
you may wish to make the playbook source public while keeping certain
important variables private. Similarly, sometimes you may just
want to keep certain information in different files, away from
the main playbook.
You can do this by using an external variables file, or files, just like this::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars:
favcolor: blue
vars_files:
- /vars/external_vars.yml
tasks:
- name: this is just a placeholder
action: command /bin/echo foo
This removes the risk of sharing sensitive data with others when
sharing your playbook source with them.
The contents of each variables file is a simple YAML dictionary, like this::
---
# in the above example, this would be vars/external_vars.yml
somevar: somevalue
password: magic
Prompting For Sensitive Data
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
You may wish to prompt the user for certain input, and can
do so with the similarly named 'vars_prompt' section. This has uses
beyond security, for instance, you may use the same playbook for all
software releases and would prompt for a particular release version
in a push-script::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars:
from: "camelot"
vars_prompt:
name: "what is your name?"
quest: "what is your quest?"
favcolor: "what is your favorite color?"
There are full examples of both of these items in the github examples/playbooks directory.
Passing Variables On The Command Line
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
In addition to `vars_prompt` and `vars_files`, it is possible to send variables over
the ansible command line. This is particularly useful when writing a generic release playbook
where you may want to pass in the version of the application to deploy::
ansible-playbook release.yml --extra-vars "version=1.23.45 other_variable=foo"
Conditional Execution
+++++++++++++++++++++
Sometimes you will want to skip a particular step on a particular host. This could be something
as simple as not installing a certain package if the operating system is a particular version,
or it could be something like performing some cleanup steps if a filesystem is getting full.
This is easy to do in Ansible, with the `only_if` clause, which actually is a Python expression.
Don't panic -- it's actually pretty simple::
vars:
favcolor: blue
is_favcolor_blue: "'$favcolor' == 'blue'"
is_centos: "'$facter_operatingsystem' == 'CentOS'"
tasks:
- name: "shutdown if my favorite color is blue"
action: command /sbin/shutdown -t now
only_if: '$is_favcolor_blue'
Variables from tools like `facter` and `ohai` can be used here, if installed, or you can
use variables that bubble up from ansible (0.3 and later). As a reminder,
these variables are prefixed, so it's `$facter_operatingsystem`, not `$operatingsystem`. Ansible's
built in variables are prefixed with `ansible_`. The only_if
expression is actually a tiny small bit of Python, so be sure to quote variables and make something
that evaluates to `True` or `False`. It is a good idea to use 'vars_files' instead of 'vars' to define
all of your conditional expressions in a way that makes them very easy to reuse between plays
and playbooks.
Conditional Imports
+++++++++++++++++++
Sometimes you will want to do certain things differently in a playbook based on certain criteria.
Having one playbook that works on multiple platforms and OS versions is a good example.
As an example, the name of the Apache package may be different between CentOS and Debian,
but it is easily handled with a minimum of syntax in an Ansible Playbook::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
vars_files:
- "vars/common.yml"
- [ "vars/$facter_operatingsystem.yml", "vars/os_defaults.yml" ]
tasks:
- name: make sure apache is running
action: service name=$apache state=running
Note that a variable (`$facter_operatingsystem`) is being interpolated into the list of
filenames being defined for vars_files.
As a reminder, the various YAML files contain just keys and values::
---
# for vars/CentOS.yml
apache: httpd
somethingelse: 42
How does this work? If the operating system was 'CentOS', the first file Ansible would try to import
would be 'vars/CentOS.yml', followed up by '/vars/os_defaults.yml' if that file
did not exist. If no files in the list were found, an error would be raised.
On Debian, it would instead first look towards 'vars/Debian.yml' instead of 'vars/CentOS.yml', before
falling back on 'vars/os_defaults.yml'. Pretty simple.
To use this conditional import feature, you'll need facter or ohai installed prior to running the playbook, but
you can of course push this out with Ansible if you like::
# for facter
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=facter ensure=installed"
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=ruby-json ensure=installed"
# for ohai
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=ohai ensure=installed"
Ansible's approach to configuration -- seperating variables from tasks, keeps your playbooks
from turning into arbitrary code with ugly nested ifs, conditionals, and so on - and results
in more streamlined & auditable configuration rules -- especially because there are a
minimum of decision points to track.
Using Includes To Assign Classes of Systems
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Include files are really powerful when used to reuse logic between playbooks. You
could imagine a playbook describing your entire infrastructure like
this, in a list of just a few plays::
---
- hosts: atlanta-webservers
vars:
datacenter: atlanta
database: db.atlanta.com
tasks:
- include: tasks/base.yml
- include: tasks/webservers.yml
handlers:
- include: handlers/common.yml
- hosts: atlanta-dbservers
vars:
datacenter: atlanta
tasks:
- include: tasks/base.yml
- include: tasks/dbservers.yml
handlers:
- include: handlers/common.yml
There is one (or more) play defined for each group of systems, and
each play maps each group to several includes. These includes represent
'class definitions', telling the systems what they are supposed to do or be.
In the above example, all hosts get the base configuration first and further
customize it depending on what class or nature of machines they are.
Loop Shorthand
++++++++++++++
To save some typing, repeated tasks can be written in short-hand like so::
- name: add user $item
action: user name=$item state=present groups=wheel
with_items:
- testuser1
- testuser2
The above would be the equivalent of::
- name: add user testuser1
action: user name=testuser1 state=present groups=wheel
- name: add user testuser2
action: user name=testuser2 state=present groups=wheel
In a future release, the yum and apt modules will use with_items to execute fewer package
manager transactions.
Selecting Files And Templates Based On Variables
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Sometimes a configuration file you want to copy, or a template you will use may depend on a variable.
The following construct (new in 0.4) selects the first available file appropriate for the variables of a given host,
which is often much cleaner than putting a lot of if conditionals in a template.
The following example shows how to template out a configuration file that was very different between, say,
CentOS and Debian.
- name: template a file
action: template src=$item dest=/etc/myapp/foo.conf
first_available_file:
- /srv/templates/myapp/${ansible_distribution}.conf
- /srv/templates/myapp/default.conf
Asynchronous Actions and Polling
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
By default tasks in playbooks block, meaning the connections stay open
until the task is done on each node. If executing playbooks with
a small parallelism value (aka ``--forks``), you may wish that long
running operations can go faster. The easiest way to do this is
to kick them off all at once and then poll until they are done.
You will also want to use asynchronous mode on very long running
operations that might be subject to timeout.
To launch a task asynchronously, specify its maximum runtime
and how frequently you would like to poll for status. The default
poll value is 10 seconds if you do not specify a value for `poll`::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
tasks:
- name: simulate long running op (15 sec), wait for up to 45, poll every 5
action: command /bin/sleep 15
async: 45
poll: 5
.. note::
There is no default for the async time limit. If you leave off the
'async' keyword, the task runs synchronously, which is Ansible's
default.
Alternatively, if you do not need to wait on the task to complete, you may
"fire and forget" by specifying a poll value of 0::
---
- hosts: all
user: root
tasks:
- name: simulate long running op, allow to run for 45, fire and forget
action: command /bin/sleep 15
async: 45
poll: 0
.. note::
You shouldn't "fire and forget" with operations that require
exclusive locks, such as yum transactions, if you expect to run other
commands later in the playbook against those same resources.
.. note::
Using a higher value for ``--forks`` will result in kicking off asynchronous
tasks even faster. This also increases the efficiency of polling.
.. seealso::
:doc:`YAMLSyntax`
Learn about YAML syntax
:doc:`playbooks`
Review the basic playbook features
:doc:`modules`
Learn about available modules
:doc:`moduledev`
Learn how to extend Ansible by writing your own modules
:doc:`patterns`
Learn about how to select hosts
`Github examples directory <https://github.com/ansible/ansible/tree/master/examples/playbooks>`_
Complete playbook files from the github project source
`Mailing List <http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project>`_
Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups

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<a href="index.html"
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
<span class="globaltoc"><ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Downloads &amp; Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory &amp; Patterns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API &amp; Integrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
</span>

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