Update to conventional task format
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@ -55,16 +55,16 @@ For starters, here's a playbook that contains just one play::
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user: root
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tasks:
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- name: ensure apache is at the latest version
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action: yum pkg=httpd state=latest
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yum: pkg=httpd state=latest
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- name: write the apache config file
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action: template src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/httpd.conf
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template: src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/httpd.conf
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notify:
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- restart apache
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- name: ensure apache is running
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action: service name=httpd state=started
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service: name=httpd state=started
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handlers:
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- name: restart apache
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action: service name=httpd state=restarted
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service: name=httpd state=restarted
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Below, we'll break down what the various features of the playbook language are.
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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ porting over from those other configuration systems.
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How about an example. If I wanted to write the hostname into the /etc/motd file, I could say::
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- name: write the motd
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action: template src=/srv/templates/motd.j2 dest=/etc/motd
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template: src=/srv/templates/motd.j2 dest=/etc/motd
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And in /srv/templates/motd.j2::
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@ -205,12 +205,17 @@ nice to have reasonably good descriptions of each task step. If the name
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is not provided though, the string fed to 'action' will be used for
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output.
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Tasks can be declared using the legacy "action: module options" format, but
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it is recommeded that you use the more conventional "module: options" format.
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This recommended format is used throughout the documentation, but you may
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encounter the older format in some playbooks.
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Here is what a basic task looks like, as with most modules,
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the service module takes key=value arguments::
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tasks:
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- name: make sure apache is running
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action: service name=httpd state=running
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service: name=httpd state=running
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The `command` and `shell` modules are the one modules that just takes a list
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of arguments, and don't use the key=value form. This makes
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@ -218,20 +223,20 @@ them work just like you would expect. Simple::
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tasks:
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- name: disable selinux
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action: command /sbin/setenforce 0
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command: /sbin/setenforce 0
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The command and shell module care about return codes, so if you have a command
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who's successful exit code is not zero, you may wish to do this::
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tasks:
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- name: run this command and ignore the result
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action: shell /usr/bin/somecommand || /bin/true
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shell: /usr/bin/somecommand || /bin/true
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Or this::
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tasks:
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- name: run this command and ignore the result
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action: shell /usr/bin/somecommand
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shell: /usr/bin/somecommand
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ignore_errors: True
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@ -240,7 +245,7 @@ a space and indent any continuation lines::
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tasks:
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- name: Copy ansible inventory file to client
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action: copy src=/etc/ansible/hosts dest=/etc/ansible/hosts
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copy: src=/etc/ansible/hosts dest=/etc/ansible/hosts
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owner=root group=root mode=0644
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Variables can be used in action lines. Suppose you defined
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@ -248,7 +253,7 @@ a variable called 'vhost' in the 'vars' section, you could do this::
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tasks:
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- name: create a virtual host file for {{ vhost }}
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action: template src=somefile.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/{{ vhost }}
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template: src=somefile.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/{{ vhost }}
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Those same variables are usable in templates, which we'll get to later.
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@ -262,7 +267,7 @@ Action Shorthand
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Rather than listing out the explicit word, "action:", like so::
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action: template src=templates/foo.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
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template: src=templates/foo.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
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It is also possible to say:
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@ -290,7 +295,7 @@ Here's an example of restarting two services when the contents of a file
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change, but only if the file changes::
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- name: template configuration file
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action: template src=template.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
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template: src=template.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
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notify:
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- restart memcached
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- restart apache
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@ -308,9 +313,9 @@ Here's an example handlers section::
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handlers:
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- name: restart memcached
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action: service name=memcached state=restarted
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service: name=memcached state=restarted
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- name: restart apache
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action: service name=apache state=restarted
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service: name=apache state=restarted
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Handlers are best used to restart services and trigger reboots. You probably
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won't need them for much else.
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@ -345,9 +350,9 @@ A task include file simply contains a flat list of tasks, like so::
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---
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# possibly saved as tasks/foo.yml
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- name: placeholder foo
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action: command /bin/foo
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command: /bin/foo
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- name: placeholder bar
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action: command /bin/bar
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command: /bin/bar
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Include directives look like this, and can be mixed in with regular tasks in a playbook::
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@ -398,7 +403,7 @@ of your playbooks. You might make a handlers.yml that looks like::
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---
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# this might be in a file like handlers/handlers.yml
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- name: restart apache
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action: service name=apache state=restarted
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service: name=apache state=restarted
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And in your main playbook file, just include it like so, at the bottom
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of a play::
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@ -419,7 +424,7 @@ For example::
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tasks:
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- name: say hi
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tags: foo
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action: shell echo "hi..."
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shell: echo "hi..."
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- include: load_balancers.yml
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- include: webservers.yml
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@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ Example::
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tasks:
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- action: yum name={{ item }} state=installed
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- yum: name={{ item }} state=installed
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with_items:
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- httpd
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- memcached
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tags:
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- packages
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- action: template src=templates/src.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
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- template: src=templates/src.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
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tags:
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- configuration
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@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ has a failure. Sometimes, though, you want to continue on. To do so,
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write a task that looks like this::
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- name: this will not be counted as a failure
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action: command /bin/false
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command: /bin/false
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ignore_errors: yes
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Accessing Complex Variable Data
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@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ You can do this by using an external variables file, or files, just like this::
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- /vars/external_vars.yml
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tasks:
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- name: this is just a placeholder
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action: command /bin/echo foo
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command: /bin/echo foo
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This removes the risk of sharing sensitive data with others when
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sharing your playbook source with them.
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@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ Don't panic -- it's actually pretty simple::
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tasks:
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- name: "shutdown Debian flavored systems"
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action: command /sbin/shutdown -t now
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command: /sbin/shutdown -t now
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when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"
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A number of Jinja2 "filters" can also be used in when statements, some of which are unique
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@ -293,14 +293,14 @@ and provided by Ansible. Suppose we want to ignore the error of one statement a
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decide to do something conditionally based on success or failure::
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tasks:
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- action: command /bin/false
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- command: /bin/false
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register: result
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ignore_errors: True
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- action: command /bin/something
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- command: /bin/something
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when: result|failed
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- action: command /bin/something_else
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- command: /bin/something_else
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when: result|success
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- action: command /bin/still/something_else
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- command: /bin/still/something_else
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when: result|skipped
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@ -336,14 +336,14 @@ there will be accessible to future tasks::
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tasks:
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- name: gather site specific fact data
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action: site_facts
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- action: command echo {{ my_custom_fact_can_be_used_now }}
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- command: echo {{ my_custom_fact_can_be_used_now }}
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One useful trick with *when* is to key off the changed result of a last command. As an example::
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tasks:
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- action: template src=/templates/foo.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
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- template: src=/templates/foo.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf
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register: last_result
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- action: command echo 'the file has changed'
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- command: echo 'the file has changed'
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when: last_result.changed
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{{ last_result }} is a variable set by the register directive. This assumes Ansible 0.8 and later.
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@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ When combining `when` with `with_items`, be aware that the `when` statement is p
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This is by design::
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tasks:
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- action: command echo {{ item }}
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- command: echo {{ item }}
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with_items: [ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ]
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when: item > 5
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@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ but it is easily handled with a minimum of syntax in an Ansible Playbook::
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- [ "vars/{{ ansible_os_family }}.yml", "vars/os_defaults.yml" ]
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tasks:
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- name: make sure apache is running
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action: service name={{ apache }} state=running
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service: name={{ apache }} state=running
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.. note::
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The variable 'ansible_os_family' is being interpolated into
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@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Loops
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To save some typing, repeated tasks can be written in short-hand like so::
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- name: add several users
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action: user name={{ item }} state=present groups=wheel
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user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=wheel
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with_items:
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- testuser1
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- testuser2
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@ -432,9 +432,9 @@ If you have defined a YAML list in a variables file, or the 'vars' section, you
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The above would be the equivalent of::
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- name: add user testuser1
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action: user name=testuser1 state=present groups=wheel
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user: name=testuser1 state=present groups=wheel
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- name: add user testuser2
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action: user name=testuser2 state=present groups=wheel
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user: name=testuser2 state=present groups=wheel
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The yum and apt modules use with_items to execute fewer package manager transactions.
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@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Note that the types of items you iterate over with 'with_items' do not have to b
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If you have a list of hashes, you can reference subkeys using things like::
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- name: add several users
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action: user name={{ item.name }} state=present groups={{ item.groups }}
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user: name={{ item.name }} state=present groups={{ item.groups }}
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with_items:
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- { name: 'testuser1', groups: 'wheel' }
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- { name: 'testuser2', groups: 'root' }
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@ -465,16 +465,16 @@ be used like this::
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tasks:
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# first ensure our target directory exists
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- action: file dest=/etc/fooapp state=directory
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- file: dest=/etc/fooapp state=directory
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# copy each file over that matches the given pattern
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- action: copy src={{ item }} dest=/etc/fooapp/ owner=root mode=600
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- copy: src={{ item }} dest=/etc/fooapp/ owner=root mode=600
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with_fileglob:
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- /playbooks/files/fooapp/*
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``with_file`` loads data in from a file directly::
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- action: authorized_key user=foo key={{ item }}
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- authorized_key: user=foo key={{ item }}
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with_file:
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- /home/foo/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
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@ -493,19 +493,19 @@ Many new lookup abilities were added in 0.9. Remember, lookup plugins are run o
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tasks:
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- action: debug msg="{{ lookup('env','HOME') }} is an environment variable"
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('env','HOME') }} is an environment variable"
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- action: debug msg="{{ item }} is a line from the result of this command"
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- debug: msg="{{ item }} is a line from the result of this command"
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with_lines:
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- cat /etc/motd
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- action: debug msg="{{ lookup('pipe','date') }} is the raw result of running this command"
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('pipe','date') }} is the raw result of running this command"
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- action: debug msg="{{ lookup('redis_kv', 'redis://localhost:6379,somekey') }} is value in Redis for somekey"
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('redis_kv', 'redis://localhost:6379,somekey') }} is value in Redis for somekey"
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- action: debug msg="{{ lookup('dnstxt', 'example.com') }} is a DNS TXT record for example.com"
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('dnstxt', 'example.com') }} is a DNS TXT record for example.com"
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- action: debug msg="{{ lookup('template', './some_template.j2') }} is a value from evaluation of this template"
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('template', './some_template.j2') }} is a value from evaluation of this template"
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As an alternative you can also assign lookup plugins to variables or use them
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elsewhere. This macros are evaluated each time they are used in a task (or
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The following example shows how to template out a configuration file that was very different between, say, CentOS and Debian::
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- name: template a file
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action: template src={{ item }} dest=/etc/myapp/foo.conf
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template: src={{ item }} dest=/etc/myapp/foo.conf
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first_available_file:
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- /srv/templates/myapp/{{ ansible_distribution }}.conf
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- /srv/templates/myapp/default.conf
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@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ poll value is 10 seconds if you do not specify a value for `poll`::
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user: root
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tasks:
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- name: simulate long running op (15 sec), wait for up to 45, poll every 5
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action: command /bin/sleep 15
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command: /bin/sleep 15
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async: 45
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poll: 5
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@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ Alternatively, if you do not need to wait on the task to complete, you may
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user: root
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tasks:
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- name: simulate long running op, allow to run for 45, fire and forget
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action: command /bin/sleep 15
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command: /bin/sleep 15
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async: 45
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poll: 0
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@ -776,10 +776,10 @@ The 'register' keyword decides what variable to save a result in. The resulting
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tasks:
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- action: shell cat /etc/motd
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- shell: cat /etc/motd
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register: motd_contents
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- action: shell echo "motd contains the word hi"
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- shell: echo "motd contains the word hi"
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when: motd_contents.stdout.find('hi') != -1
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@ -815,14 +815,14 @@ a good idea::
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tasks:
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- name: take out of load balancer pool
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action: command /usr/bin/take_out_of_pool {{ inventory_hostname }}
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command: /usr/bin/take_out_of_pool {{ inventory_hostname }}
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delegate_to: 127.0.0.1
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- name: actual steps would go here
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action: yum name=acme-web-stack state=latest
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yum: name=acme-web-stack state=latest
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- name: add back to load balancer pool
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action: command /usr/bin/add_back_to_pool {{ inventory_hostname }}
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command: /usr/bin/add_back_to_pool {{ inventory_hostname }}
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delegate_to: 127.0.0.1
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@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ if you have a large number of hosts::
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- hosts: all
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connection: fireball
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tasks:
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- action: shell echo "Hello {{ item }}"
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- shell: echo "Hello {{ item }}"
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with_items:
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- one
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- two
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@ -900,8 +900,8 @@ any platform. You will also need gcc and zeromq-devel installed from your packa
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gather_facts: no
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connection: ssh
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tasks:
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- action: easy_install name=pip
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- action: pip name={{ item }} state=present
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- easy_install: name=pip
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- pip: name={{ item }} state=present
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with_items:
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- pyzmq
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- pyasn1
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