Inventory & Patterns¶

Hosts and Groups¶

The format for /etc/ansible/hosts is an INI format and looks like this:

mail.example.com

[webservers]
foo.example.com
bar.example.com

[dbservers]
one.example.com
two.example.com
three.example.com

The things in brackets are group names. You don’t have to have them, but they are useful.

If you have hosts that run on non-standard SSH ports you can put the port number after the hostname with a colon.

four.example.com:5309

Selecting Targets¶

We’ll go over how to use the command line in Command Line section, however, basically it looks like this:

ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m <module_name> -a <arguments>

Such as:

ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"

Within Playbooks, these patterns can be used for even greater purposes.

Anyway, to use Ansible, you’ll first need to know how to tell Ansible which hosts in your inventory file to talk to. This is done by designating particular host names or groups of hosts.

The following patterns target all hosts in the inventory file:

all
*

Basically ‘all’ is an alias for ‘*’. It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts:

one.example.com
one.example.com:two.example.com
192.168.1.50
192.168.1.*

The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file:

webservers
webservers:dbservers

In 0.5 and later, you can exclude groups as well, for instance, all webservers not in Phoenix:

webservers:!phoenix

Individual host names (or IPs), but not groups, can also be referenced using wildcards:

*.example.com
*.com

It’s also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time:

one*.com:dbservers

Easy enough. See Command Line and then Playbooks for how to do things to selected hosts.

Host Variables¶

It is easy to assign variables to hosts that will be used later in playbooks:

[atlanta]
host1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
host2 http_port=303 maxRequestsPerChild=909

Group Variables¶

Variables can also be applied to an entire group at once:

[atlanta]
host1
host2

[atlanta:vars]
ntp_server=ntp.atlanta.example.com
proxy=proxy.atlanta.example.com

Groups of Groups, and Group Variables¶

Using Ansible 0.4, it is possible to make groups of groups and assign variables to groups. These variables can be used by /usr/bin/ansible-playbook, but not /usr/bin/ansible:

[atlanta]
host1
host2

[raleigh]
host2
host3

[southeast:children]
atlanta
raleigh

[southeast:vars]
some_server=foo.southeast.example.com
halon_system_timeout=30
self_destruct_countdown=60
escape_pods=2

[usa:children]
southeast
northeast
southwest
southeast

YAML Inventory Format¶

For that prefer to use it, the inventory file can also be expressed in YAML:

---

# some ungrouped hosts, either use the short string form or the "host: " prefix
- host: jupiter
- mars

# variables can be assigned like this...
- host: saturn
  vars:
  - moon: titan

# groups can also set variables to all hosts in the group
# here are a bunch of hosts using a non-standard SSH port
# and also defining a variable 'ntpserver'
- group: greek
  hosts:
  - zeus
  - hera
  - poseidon
  vars:
  - ansible_ssh_port: 3000
  - ntp_server: olympus.example.com

# individual hosts can still set variables inside of groups too
# so you aren't limited to just group variables and host variables.
- group: norse
  hosts:
  - host: thor
    vars:
    - hammer: True
  - odin
  - loki
  vars:
    - asdf: 1234

Tip: If you ever have two python interpreters on a system, set a variable called ‘ansible_python_interpreter’ to the Python interpreter path you would like to use. (This is available in version 0.5 and later)

Tip: Be sure to start your YAML file with the YAML record designator ---.