310 lines
9.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
310 lines
9.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
Getting Started
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
.. contents::
|
|
:depth: 2
|
|
:backlinks: top
|
|
|
|
Requirements
|
|
````````````
|
|
|
|
Requirements for Ansible are extremely minimal.
|
|
|
|
Ansible is written for Python 2.6+. If you are running Python 2.5 on an "Enterprise Linux" variant, we'll show you how to add
|
|
2.6. Newer versions of Linux and OS X should already have 2.6 or higher.
|
|
|
|
In additon to Python 2.6+, you will want the following Python modules (installed via pip or perhaps via your OS package manager via slightly different names):
|
|
|
|
* ``paramiko``
|
|
* ``PyYAML``
|
|
* ``jinja2``
|
|
|
|
If you are using RHEL or CentOS 5 , python is version 2.4 by default, but you can get python 2.6 installed easily. `Use EPEL <http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL>`_ and install these dependencies as follows:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ yum install python26 python26-PyYAML python26-paramiko python26-jinja2
|
|
|
|
|
|
On the managed nodes, you only need Python 2.4 or later, but if you are are running less than Python 2.6 on them, you will
|
|
also need:
|
|
|
|
* ``python-simplejson``
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Ansible's "raw" module (for executing commands in a quick and dirty
|
|
way) and the script module don't even need that. So technically, you can use
|
|
Ansible to install python-simplejson using the raw module, which
|
|
then allows you to use everything else. (That's jumping ahead
|
|
though.)
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Python 3 is a slightly different language than Python 2 and most python programs (including
|
|
Ansible) are not
|
|
switching over yet. However, some Linux distributions (Gentoo, Arch) may not have a
|
|
Python 2.X interpreter installed by default. On those systems, you should install one, and set
|
|
the 'ansible_python_interpreter' variable in inventory to point at your 2.X python. Distributions
|
|
like Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Fedora, and Ubuntu all have a 2.X interpreter installed
|
|
by default and this does not apply to those distributions. This is also true of nearly all
|
|
Unix systems. If you need to bootstrap these remote systems by installing Python 2.X,
|
|
using the 'raw' module will be able to do it remotely.
|
|
|
|
Getting Ansible
|
|
```````````````
|
|
|
|
If you are interested in using all the latest features, you may wish to keep up to date
|
|
with the development branch of the git checkout. This also makes it easiest to contribute
|
|
back to the project.
|
|
|
|
Instructions for installing from source are below.
|
|
|
|
Ansible's release cycles are about one month long. Due to this
|
|
short release cycle, any bugs will generally be fixed in the next release versus maintaining
|
|
backports on the stable branch.
|
|
|
|
You may also wish to follow the `Github project <https://github.com/ansible/ansible>`_ if
|
|
you have a github account. This is also where we keep the issue tracker for sharing
|
|
bugs and feature ideas.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Running From Checkout
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++++
|
|
|
|
Ansible is trivially easy to run from a checkout, root permissions are not required
|
|
to use it:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
|
|
$ cd ./ansible
|
|
$ source ./hacking/env-setup
|
|
|
|
You can optionally specify an inventory file (see :doc:`patterns`) other than /etc/ansible/hosts:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ echo "127.0.0.1" > ~/ansible_hosts
|
|
$ export ANSIBLE_HOSTS=~/ansible_hosts
|
|
|
|
You can read more about the inventory file in later parts of the manual.
|
|
|
|
Now let's test things:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ ansible all -m ping --ask-pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
Make Install
|
|
++++++++++++
|
|
|
|
If you are not working from a distribution where Ansible is packaged yet, you can install Ansible
|
|
using "make install". This is done through `python-distutils`:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
|
|
$ cd ./ansible
|
|
$ sudo make install
|
|
|
|
Via Pip
|
|
+++++++
|
|
|
|
Are you a python developer?
|
|
|
|
Ansible can be installed via Pip, but when you do so, it will ask to install other dependencies used for
|
|
optional modes::
|
|
|
|
$ sudo easy_install pip
|
|
$ sudo pip install ansible
|
|
|
|
Readers that use virtualenv can also install Ansible under virtualenv. Do not use easy_install to install
|
|
ansible directly.
|
|
|
|
Via RPM
|
|
+++++++
|
|
|
|
RPMs for the last Ansible release are available for `EPEL
|
|
<http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL>`_ 6 and currently supported
|
|
Fedora distributions. Ansible itself can manage earlier operating
|
|
systems that contain python 2.4 or higher.
|
|
|
|
If you are using RHEL or CentOS and have not already done so, `configure EPEL <http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL>`_
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
# install the epel-release RPM if needed on CentOS, RHEL, or Scientific Linux
|
|
$ sudo yum install ansible
|
|
|
|
You can also use the ``make rpm`` command to build an RPM you can distribute and install.
|
|
Make sure you have ``rpm-build``, ``make``, and ``python2-devel`` installed.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
|
|
$ cd ./ansible
|
|
$ make rpm
|
|
$ sudo rpm -Uvh ~/rpmbuild/ansible-*.noarch.rpm
|
|
|
|
Python 2.6 EPEL instructions for RHEL and CentOS 5
|
|
``````````````````````````````````````````````````
|
|
|
|
These distributions don't have Python 2.6 by default, but it is easily
|
|
installable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Via MacPorts
|
|
++++++++++++
|
|
|
|
An OSX port is available via MacPorts, to install the stable version of
|
|
Ansible from MacPorts (this is the recommended way), run:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ sudo port install ansible
|
|
|
|
If you wish to install the latest build via the MacPorts system from a
|
|
git checkout, run:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
|
|
$ cd ./ansible/packaging/macports
|
|
$ sudo port install
|
|
|
|
Please refer to the documentation at <http://www.macports.org> for
|
|
further information on using Portfiles with MacPorts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ubuntu and Debian
|
|
+++++++++++++++++
|
|
|
|
Ubuntu builds are available `in a PPA here <https://launchpad.net/~rquillo/+archive/ansible>`_
|
|
|
|
Debian/Ubuntu package recipes can also be built from the source checkout, run:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ make debian
|
|
|
|
Gentoo, Arch, Others
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++
|
|
|
|
Gentoo eBuilds are available `on github here <https://github.com/uu/ubuilds>`_
|
|
|
|
An Arch PKGBUILD is available on `AUR <https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=58621>`_
|
|
If you have python3 installed on Arch, you probably want to symlink python to python2:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python
|
|
|
|
You should also set a 'ansible_python_interpreter' inventory variable for hosts that have python
|
|
pointing to python3, so the right python can be found on the managed nodes.
|
|
|
|
Tagged Releases
|
|
+++++++++++++++
|
|
|
|
Tarballs of releases are available on the ansible.cc page.
|
|
|
|
* `Ansible/downloads <https://ansible.cc/releases>`_
|
|
|
|
These releases are also tagged in the git repository with the release version.
|
|
|
|
Choosing Between Paramiko and Native SSH
|
|
````````````````````````````````````````
|
|
|
|
By default, ansible uses paramiko to talk to managed nodes over SSH. Paramiko is fast, works
|
|
very transparently, requires no configuration, and is a good choice for most users.
|
|
However, it does not support some advanced SSH features that folks will want to use.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.5
|
|
|
|
If you want to leverage more advanced SSH features (such as Kerberized
|
|
SSH or jump hosts), pass the flag "--connection=ssh" to any ansible
|
|
command, or set the ANSIBLE_TRANSPORT environment variable to
|
|
'ssh'. This will cause Ansible to use openssh tools instead.
|
|
|
|
If ANSIBLE_SSH_ARGS are not set, ansible will try to use some sensible ControlMaster options
|
|
by default. You are free to override this environment variable, but should still pass ControlMaster
|
|
options to ensure performance of this transport. With ControlMaster in use, both transports
|
|
are roughly the same speed. Without CM, the binary ssh transport is signficantly slower.
|
|
|
|
If none of this makes sense to you, the default paramiko option is probably fine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Your first commands
|
|
```````````````````
|
|
|
|
Now that you've installed Ansible, it's time to test it.
|
|
|
|
Edit (or create) /etc/ansible/hosts and put one or more remote systems in it, for
|
|
which you have your SSH key in ``authorized_keys``::
|
|
|
|
192.168.1.50
|
|
aserver.example.org
|
|
bserver.example.org
|
|
|
|
Set up SSH agent to avoid retyping passwords:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ ssh-agent bash
|
|
$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
|
|
|
|
(Depending on your setup, you may wish to ansible's --private-key option to specify a pem file instead)
|
|
|
|
Now ping all your nodes:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ ansible all -m ping
|
|
|
|
Ansible will attempt to remote connect to the machines using your current
|
|
user name, just like SSH would. To override the remote user name, just use the '-u' parameter.
|
|
|
|
If you would like to access sudo mode, there are also flags to do that:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
# as bruce
|
|
$ ansible all -m ping -u bruce
|
|
# as bruce, sudoing to root
|
|
$ ansible all -m ping -u bruce --sudo
|
|
# as bruce, sudoing to batman
|
|
$ ansible all -m ping -u bruce --sudo --sudo-user batman
|
|
|
|
(The sudo implementation is changeable in ansbile's configuration file if you happen to want to use a sudo
|
|
replacement. Flags passed dot sudo can also be set.)
|
|
|
|
Now run a live command on all of your nodes:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
$ ansible all -a "/bin/echo hello"
|
|
|
|
Congratulations. You've just contacted your nodes with Ansible. It's
|
|
now time to read some of the more real-world :doc:`examples`, and explore
|
|
what you can do with different modules, as well as the Ansible
|
|
:doc:`playbooks` language. Ansible is not just about running commands, it
|
|
also has powerful configuration management and deployment features. There's more to
|
|
explore, but you already have a fully working infrastructure!
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
:doc:`examples`
|
|
Examples of basic commands
|
|
:doc:`playbooks`
|
|
Learning ansible's configuration management language
|
|
`Mailing List <http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project>`_
|
|
Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups
|
|
`irc.freenode.net <http://irc.freenode.net>`_
|
|
#ansible IRC chat channel
|
|
|