142 lines
5.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
142 lines
5.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
Using Lookups
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=============
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Lookup plugins allow access of data in Ansible from outside sources. This can include the filesystem
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but also external datastores. These values are then made available using the standard templating system
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in Ansible, and are typically used to load variables or templates with information from those systems.
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.. note:: This is considered an advanced feature, and many users will probably not rely on these features.
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.. contents:: Topics
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.. _getting_file_contents:
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Intro to Lookups: Getting File Contents
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```````````````````````````````````````
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The file lookup is the most basic lookup type.
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Contents can be read off the filesystem as follows::
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- hosts: all
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vars:
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contents: "{{ lookup('file', '/etc/foo.txt') }}"
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tasks:
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- debug: msg="the value of foo.txt is {{ contents }}"
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.. _password_lookup:
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The Password Lookup
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```````````````````
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``password`` generates a random plaintext password and store it in
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a file at a given filepath. Support for crypted save modes (as with vars_prompt) is pending. If the
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file exists previously, it will retrieve its contents, behaving just like with_file. Usage of variables like "{{ inventory_hostname }}" in the filepath can be used to set
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up random passwords per host (what simplifies password management in 'host_vars' variables).
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Generated passwords contain a random mix of upper and lowercase ASCII letters, the
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numbers 0-9 and punctuation (". , : - _"). The default length of a generated password is 20 characters.
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This length can be changed by passing an extra parameter::
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---
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- hosts: all
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tasks:
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# create a mysql user with a random password:
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- mysql_user: name={{ client }}
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password="{{ lookup('password', 'credentials/' + client + '/' + tier + '/' + role + '/mysqlpassword length=15') }}"
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priv={{ client }}_{{ tier }}_{{ role }}.*:ALL
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(...)
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.. note:: If the file already exists, no data will be written to it. If the file has contents, those contents will be read in as the password. Empty files cause the password to return as an empty string
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Starting in version 1.4, password accepts a "chars" parameter to allow defining a custom character set in the generated passwords. It accepts comma separated list of names that are either string module attributes (ascii_letters,digits, etc) or are used literally::
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---
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- hosts: all
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tasks:
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# create a mysql user with a random password using only ascii letters:
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- mysql_user: name={{ client }}
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password="{{ lookup('password', '/tmp/passwordfile chars=ascii') }}"
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priv={{ client }}_{{ tier }}_{{ role }}.*:ALL
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# create a mysql user with a random password using only digits:
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- mysql_user: name={{ client }}
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password="{{ lookup('password', '/tmp/passwordfile chars=digits') }}"
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priv={{ client }}_{{ tier }}_{{ role }}.*:ALL
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# create a mysql user with a random password using many different char sets:
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- mysql_user: name={{ client }}
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password="{{ lookup('password', '/tmp/passwordfile chars=ascii,numbers,digits,hexdigits,punctuation') }}"
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priv={{ client }}_{{ tier }}_{{ role }}.*:ALL
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(...)
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To enter comma use two commas ',,' somewhere - preferably at the end. Quotes and double quotes are not supported.
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.. _more_lookups:
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More Lookups
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````````````
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.. note:: This feature is very infrequently used in Ansible. You may wish to skip this section.
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.. versionadded:: 0.8
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Various *lookup plugins* allow additional ways to iterate over data. In :doc:`Loops <playbooks_loops>` you will learn
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how to use them to walk over collections of numerous types. However, they can also be used to pull in data
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from remote sources, such as shell commands or even key value stores. This section will cover lookup
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plugins in this capacity.
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Here are some examples::
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---
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- hosts: all
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tasks:
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('env','HOME') }} is an environment variable"
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- debug: msg="{{ item }} is a line from the result of this command"
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with_lines:
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- cat /etc/motd
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('pipe','date') }} is the raw result of running this command"
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('redis_kv', 'redis://localhost:6379,somekey') }} is value in Redis for somekey"
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('dnstxt', 'example.com') }} is a DNS TXT record for example.com"
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- debug: msg="{{ lookup('template', './some_template.j2') }} is a value from evaluation of this template"
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As an alternative you can also assign lookup plugins to variables or use them
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elsewhere. This macros are evaluated each time they are used in a task (or
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template)::
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vars:
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motd_value: "{{ lookup('file', '/etc/motd') }}"
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tasks:
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- debug: msg="motd value is {{ motd_value }}"
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.. seealso::
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:doc:`playbooks`
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An introduction to playbooks
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:doc:`playbooks_conditionals`
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Conditional statements in playbooks
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:doc:`playbooks_variables`
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All about variables
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:doc:`playbooks_loops`
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Looping in playbooks
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`User Mailing List <http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-devel>`_
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Have a question? Stop by the google group!
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`irc.freenode.net <http://irc.freenode.net>`_
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#ansible IRC chat channel
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