400 lines
No EOL
19 KiB
HTML
400 lines
No EOL
19 KiB
HTML
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
|
|
<title>Inventory & Patterns — Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management & Deployment</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/bootstrap.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/bootstrap-sphinx.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
|
|
URL_ROOT: '',
|
|
VERSION: '0.01',
|
|
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
|
|
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
|
|
HAS_SOURCE: false
|
|
};
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
|
|
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management & Deployment" href="index.html" />
|
|
<link rel="next" title="Command Line Examples And Next Steps" href="examples.html" />
|
|
<link rel="prev" title="Getting Started" href="gettingstarted.html" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
(function () {
|
|
/**
|
|
* Patch TOC list.
|
|
*
|
|
* Will mutate the underlying span to have a correct ul for nav.
|
|
*
|
|
* @param $span: Span containing nested UL's to mutate.
|
|
* @param minLevel: Starting level for nested lists. (1: global, 2: local).
|
|
*/
|
|
var patchToc = function ($span, minLevel) {
|
|
var $tocList = $("<ul/>").attr('class', "dropdown-menu"),
|
|
findA;
|
|
|
|
// Find all a "internal" tags, traversing recursively.
|
|
findA = function ($elem, level) {
|
|
var level = level || 0,
|
|
$items = $elem.find("> li > a.internal, > ul, > li > ul");
|
|
|
|
// Iterate everything in order.
|
|
$items.each(function (index, item) {
|
|
var $item = $(item),
|
|
tag = item.tagName.toLowerCase(),
|
|
pad = 10 + ((level - minLevel) * 10);
|
|
|
|
if (tag === 'a' && level >= minLevel) {
|
|
// Add to existing padding.
|
|
$item.css('padding-left', pad + "px");
|
|
// Add list element.
|
|
$tocList.append($("<li/>").append($item));
|
|
} else if (tag === 'ul') {
|
|
// Recurse.
|
|
findA($item, level + 1);
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// Start construction and return.
|
|
findA($span);
|
|
|
|
// Wipe out old list and patch in new one.
|
|
return $span.empty("ul").append($tocList);
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
$(document).ready(function () {
|
|
// Patch the global and local TOC's to be bootstrap-compliant.
|
|
patchToc($("span.globaltoc"), 1);
|
|
patchToc($("span.localtoc"), 2);
|
|
|
|
// Activate.
|
|
$('#topbar').dropdown();
|
|
});
|
|
}());
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
|
|
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
|
|
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-29861888-1']);
|
|
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
|
|
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type =
|
|
'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
|
|
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' :
|
|
'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
|
|
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true;
|
|
po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script>(function(d, s, id) {
|
|
var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
|
|
if (d.getElementById(id)) return;
|
|
js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
|
|
js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1";
|
|
fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
|
|
}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<div class="topbar" data-scrollspy="scrollspy" >
|
|
<div class="topbar-inner">
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<!-- <a class="brand" href="index.html">Ansible</a> -->
|
|
<ul class="nav">
|
|
|
|
<li class="dropdown" data-dropdown="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="index.html"
|
|
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
|
|
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Inventory & Patterns</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line Examples And Next Steps</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bestpractices.html">Best Practices</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API & Integrations</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">FAQ</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="who_uses_ansible.html">Who Uses Ansible</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown" data-dropdown="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#"
|
|
class="dropdown-toggle">Page</a>
|
|
<span class="localtoc"><ul>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Inventory & Patterns</a><ul>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hosts-and-groups">Hosts and Groups</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#selecting-targets">Selecting Targets</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#host-variables">Host Variables</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#group-variables">Group Variables</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#groups-of-groups-and-group-variables">Groups of Groups, and Group Variables</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#splitting-out-host-and-group-specific-data">Splitting Out Host and Group Specific Data</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#yaml-inventory">YAML Inventory</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<ul class="nav secondary-nav">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<form class="pull-left" action="search.html" method="get">
|
|
<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a href="http://github.com/ansible/ansible"><img style="position: absolute; right: 0; border: 0;" src="http://ansible.github.com/github.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<a href="http://ansible.github.com"><img src="http://ansible.github.com/ansible-logo.png" alt="Ansible"/></a><br/>
|
|
<br/>
|
|
|
|
<div class="section" id="inventory-patterns">
|
|
<span id="patterns"></span><h1>Inventory & Patterns<a class="headerlink" href="#inventory-patterns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
|
<p>Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
|
|
same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in
|
|
Ansible’s inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts.</p>
|
|
<div class="section" id="hosts-and-groups">
|
|
<span id="inventoryformat"></span><h2>Hosts and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#hosts-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The format for /etc/ansible/hosts is an INI format and looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">mail</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">webservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
<span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
|
|
<span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dbservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
<span class="n">one</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
|
|
<span class="n">two</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
|
|
<span class="n">three</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The things in brackets are group names. You don’t have to have them,
|
|
but they are useful.</p>
|
|
<p>If you have hosts that run on non-standard SSH ports you can put the port number
|
|
after the hostname with a colon.</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<div>four.example.com:5309</div></blockquote>
|
|
<p>In 0.6 and later, if you have a lot of hosts following similar patterns you can do this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">webservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
<span class="n">www</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mo">01</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Leading zeros can be included or removed, as desired, and the ranges are inclusive.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="selecting-targets">
|
|
<h2>Selecting Targets<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-targets" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>We’ll go over how to use the command line in <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples And Next Steps</em></a> section, however, basically it looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m <module_name> -a <arguments></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Such as:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Within <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>, these patterns can be used for even greater purposes.</p>
|
|
<p>Anyway, to use Ansible, you’ll first need to know how to tell Ansible which hosts in your inventory file to talk to.
|
|
This is done by designating particular host names or groups of hosts.</p>
|
|
<p>The following patterns target all hosts in the inventory file:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>all
|
|
*</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Basically ‘all’ is an alias for ‘*’. It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one.example.com
|
|
one.example.com:two.example.com
|
|
192.168.1.50
|
|
192.168.1.*</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted
|
|
with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>webservers
|
|
webservers:dbservers</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>You can exclude groups as well, for instance, all webservers not in Phoenix:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>webservers:!phoenix</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Individual host names (or IPs), but not groups, can also be referenced using
|
|
wildcards:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>*.example.com
|
|
*.com</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>It’s also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one*.com:dbservers</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Easy enough. See <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples And Next Steps</em></a> and then <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for how to do things to selected hosts.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="host-variables">
|
|
<h2>Host Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#host-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>It is easy to assign variables to hosts that will be used later in playbooks:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
|
|
host1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
|
|
host2 http_port=303 maxRequestsPerChild=909</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="group-variables">
|
|
<h2>Group Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#group-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Variables can also be applied to an entire group at once:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
|
|
host1
|
|
host2
|
|
|
|
[atlanta:vars]
|
|
ntp_server=ntp.atlanta.example.com
|
|
proxy=proxy.atlanta.example.com</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="groups-of-groups-and-group-variables">
|
|
<h2>Groups of Groups, and Group Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#groups-of-groups-and-group-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>It is also possible to make groups of groups and assign
|
|
variables to groups. These variables can be used by /usr/bin/ansible-playbook, but not
|
|
/usr/bin/ansible:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>[atlanta]
|
|
host1
|
|
host2
|
|
|
|
[raleigh]
|
|
host2
|
|
host3
|
|
|
|
[southeast:children]
|
|
atlanta
|
|
raleigh
|
|
|
|
[southeast:vars]
|
|
some_server=foo.southeast.example.com
|
|
halon_system_timeout=30
|
|
self_destruct_countdown=60
|
|
escape_pods=2
|
|
|
|
[usa:children]
|
|
southeast
|
|
northeast
|
|
southwest
|
|
southeast</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>If you need to store lists or hash data, or prefer to keep host and group specific variables
|
|
seperate from the inventory file, see the next section.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="splitting-out-host-and-group-specific-data">
|
|
<h2>Splitting Out Host and Group Specific Data<a class="headerlink" href="#splitting-out-host-and-group-specific-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p class="versionadded">
|
|
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 0.6.</span></p>
|
|
<p>In addition to the storing variables directly in the INI file, host
|
|
and group variables can be stored in individual files relative to the
|
|
inventory file. These variable files are in YAML format.</p>
|
|
<p>Assuming the inventory file path is:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>/etc/ansible/hosts</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>If the host is named ‘foosball’, and in groups ‘raleigh’ and ‘webservers’, variables
|
|
in YAML files at the following locations will be made available to the host:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>/etc/ansible/group_vars/raleigh
|
|
/etc/ansible/group_vars/webservers
|
|
/etc/ansible/host_vars/foosball</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>For instance, suppose you have hosts grouped by datacenter, and each datacenter
|
|
uses some different servers. The data in the groupfile ‘/etc/ansible/group_vars/raleigh’ for
|
|
the ‘raleigh’ group might look like:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
|
ntp_server: acme.example.org
|
|
database_server: storage.example.org</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>It is ok if these files do not exist, this is an optional feature.</p>
|
|
<p>Tip: Keeping your inventory file and variables in a git repo (or other version control)
|
|
is an excellent way to track changes to your inventory and host variables.</p>
|
|
<p class="versionadded">
|
|
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 0.5: </span>If you ever have two python interpreters on a system, set a
|
|
variable called ‘ansible_python_interpreter’ to the Python
|
|
interpreter path you would like to use.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="yaml-inventory">
|
|
<h2>YAML Inventory<a class="headerlink" href="#yaml-inventory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p class="deprecated">
|
|
<span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 0.7.</span></p>
|
|
<p>Ansible’s YAML inventory format is deprecated and will be removed in
|
|
Ansible 0.7. Ansible 0.6 includes a <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/devel/examples/scripts/yaml_to_ini.py">conversion script</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Usage:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">yaml_to_ini</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ansible</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">hosts</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
|
|
<dl class="last docutils">
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples And Next Steps</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Examples of basic commands</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Learning ansible’s configuration management language</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br/>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<footer class="footer">
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<div id="fb-root"></div>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post">
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_donations">
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="business" value="michael.dehaan@gmail.com">
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="lc" value="US">
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="item_name" value="Ansible">
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="no_note" value="0">
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="currency_code" value="USD">
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="bn" value="PP-DonationsBF:btn_donate_LG.gif:NonHostedGuest">
|
|
<input type="image" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donate_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" alt="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!">
|
|
<img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1">
|
|
</form>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="ansible.github.com">Share On Twitter</a>
|
|
<script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");</script>
|
|
<g:plusone annotation="inline"></g:plusone>
|
|
<div class="fb-like" data-href="http://ansible.github.com" data-send="true" data-width="450" data-show-faces="false"></div>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.<br/>
|
|
Last updated on Aug 20, 2012.<br/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |