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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Command Line</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands">Parallelism and Shell Commands</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-transfer-templating">File Transfer & Templating</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="command-line">
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<h1>Command Line<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>The following examples show how to use <cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite> for running
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ad hoc tasks. Start here.</p>
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<p>For configuration management and deployments, you’ll want to pick up on
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using <cite>/usr/bin/ansible-playbook</cite> – the concepts port over directly.
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(See <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for more information about those)</p>
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<div class="section" id="parallelism-and-shell-commands">
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<h2>Parallelism and Shell Commands<a class="headerlink" href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Let’s use ansible’s command line tool to reboot all web servers in Atlanta, 10 at a time. First, let’s
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set up SSH-agent so it can remember our credentials:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ssh-agent bash
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<span class="nv">$ </span>ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>If you don’t want to use ssh-agent and want to instead SSH with a
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password instead of keys, you can with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--ask-pass</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-k</span></tt>), but
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it’s much better to just use ssh-agent.</p>
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<p>Now to run the command on all servers in a group, in this case,
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<em>atlanta</em>, in 10 parallel forks:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -a <span class="s2">"/sbin/reboot"</span> -f 10
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>If you want to run commands as a different user than root, it looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/foo"</span> -u yourname
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>If you want to run commands through sudo:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/foo"</span> -u yourname --sudo <span class="o">[</span>--ask-sudo-pass<span class="o">]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--ask-sudo-pass</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-K</span></tt>) if you are not using passwordless
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sudo. This will interactively prompt you for the password to use.
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Use of passwordless sudo makes things easier to automate, but it’s not
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required.</p>
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<p>It is also possible to sudo to a user other than root using
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--sudo-user</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-U</span></tt>):</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/foo"</span> -u yourname -U otheruser <span class="o">[</span>--ask-sudo-pass<span class="o">]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Ok, so those are basics. If you didn’t read about patterns and groups yet, go back and read <a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>Inventory & Patterns</em></a>.</p>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-f</span> <span class="pre">10</span></tt> in the above specifies the usage of 10 simultaneous
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processes. Normally commands also take a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-m</span></tt> for module name, but
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the default module name is <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#command"><em>command</em></a>, so we didn’t need to
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specify that all of the time. We’ll use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-m</span></tt> in later examples to
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run some other <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a>.</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#command"><em>command</em></a> module requires absolute paths and does not
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support shell variables. If we want to execute a module using a
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shell, we can do those things, and also use pipe and redirection
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operators. Read more about the differences on the <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a>
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page.</p>
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</div>
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<p>Using the <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#shell"><em>shell</em></a> module looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible raleigh -m shell -a <span class="s1">'echo $TERM'</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>When running any command with the ansible <em>ad hoc</em> CLI (as opposed to
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<a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>), pay particular attention to shell quoting rules, so
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the shell doesn’t eat a variable before it gets passed to Ansible.
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For example, using double vs single quotes in the above example would
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evaluate the variable on the box you were on.</p>
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<p>So far we’ve been demoing simple command execution, but most Ansible modules usually do not work like
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simple scripts. They make the remote system look like you state, and run the commands necessary to
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get it there. This is commonly referred to as ‘idempotence’, and is a core design goal of ansible.
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However, we also recognize that running <em>ad hoc</em> commands is equally important, so Ansible easily supports both.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="file-transfer-templating">
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<h2>File Transfer & Templating<a class="headerlink" href="#file-transfer-templating" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Here’s another use case for the <cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite> command line.</p>
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<p>Ansible can SCP lots of files to multiple machines in parallel, and
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optionally use them as template sources.</p>
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<p>To transfer a file directly to many different servers:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -m copy -a <span class="s2">"src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>If you use playbooks, you can also take advantage of the template module,
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which takes this another step further.</p>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file</span></tt> module allows changing ownership and permissions on files. These
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same options can be passed directly to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">copy</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">template</span></tt> modules as well:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m file -a <span class="s2">"dest=/srv/foo/a.txt mode=600"</span>
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<span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m file -a <span class="s2">"dest=/srv/foo/b.txt mode=600 owner=mdehaan group=mdehaan"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file</span></tt> module can also create directories, similar to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span> <span class="pre">-p</span></tt>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m file -a <span class="s2">"dest=/path/to/c mode=644 owner=mdehaan group=mdehaan state=directory"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>As well as delete directories (recursively) and delete files:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m file -a <span class="s2">"dest=/path/to/c state=absent"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The mode, owner, and group arguments can also be used on the copy or template lines.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="managing-packages">
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<h2>Managing Packages<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-packages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>There are modules available for yum and apt. Here are some examples
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with <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#yum"><em>yum</em></a>.</p>
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<p>Ensure a package is installed, but don’t update it:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m yum -a <span class="s2">"pkg=acme state=installed"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Ensure a package is installed to a specific version:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m yum -a <span class="s2">"pkg=acme-1.5 state=installed"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Ensure a package is at the latest version:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m yum -a <span class="s2">"pkg=acme state=latest"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Ensure a package is not installed:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m yum -a <span class="s2">"pkg=acme state=removed"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Currently Ansible only has modules for managing packages with yum and apt. You can install
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for other packages for now using the command module or (better!) contribute a module
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for other package managers. Stop by the mailing list for info/details.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="users-and-groups">
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<h2>Users and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#users-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#user"><em>user</em></a> module allows easy creation and manipulation of
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existing user accounts, as well as removal of user accounts that may
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exist:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -m user -a <span class="s2">"name=foo password=<crypted password here>"</span>
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<span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -m user -a <span class="s2">"name=foo state=absent"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a> section for details on all of the available options, including
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how to manipulate groups and group membership.</p>
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</div>
|
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<div class="section" id="deploying-from-source-control">
|
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<h2>Deploying From Source Control<a class="headerlink" href="#deploying-from-source-control" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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|
<p>Deploy your webapp straight from git:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m git -a <span class="s2">"repo=git://foo.example.org/repo.git dest=/srv/myapp version=HEAD"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Since ansible modules can notify change handlers it is possible to
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tell ansible to run specific tasks when the code is updated, such as
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deploying Perl/Python/PHP/Ruby directly from git and then restarting
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apache.</p>
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</div>
|
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<div class="section" id="managing-services">
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<h2>Managing Services<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
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<p>Ensure a service is started on all webservers:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m service -a <span class="s2">"name=httpd state=started"</span>
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</pre></div>
|
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</div>
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<p>Alternatively, restart a service on all webservers:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m service -a <span class="s2">"name=httpd state=restarted"</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ensure a service is stopped:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m service -a <span class="s2">"name=httpd state=stopped"</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="time-limited-background-operations">
|
|
<h2>Time Limited Background Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#time-limited-background-operations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Long running operations can be backgrounded, and their status can be
|
|
checked on later. The same job ID is given to the same task on all
|
|
hosts, so you won’t lose track. If you kick hosts and don’t want
|
|
to poll, it looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -B 3600 -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>If you do decide you want to check on the job status later, you can:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -m async_status -a <span class="s2">"jid=123456789"</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Polling is built-in and looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -B 1800 -P 60 -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The above example says “run for 30 minutes max (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-B</span></tt>: 30*60=1800),
|
|
poll for status (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-P</span></tt>) every 60 seconds”.</p>
|
|
<p>Poll mode is smart so all jobs will be started before polling will begin on any machine.
|
|
Be sure to use a high enough <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--forks</span></tt> value if you want to get all of your jobs started
|
|
very quickly. After the time limit (in seconds) runs out (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-B</span></tt>), the process on
|
|
the remote nodes will be terminated.</p>
|
|
<p>Any module other than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">copy</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">template</span></tt> can be
|
|
backgrounded. Typically you’ll be backgrounding long-running
|
|
shell commands or software upgrades only. <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> also support polling, and have
|
|
a simplified syntax for this.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="limiting-selected-hosts">
|
|
<h2>Limiting Selected Hosts<a class="headerlink" href="#limiting-selected-hosts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p class="versionadded">
|
|
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 0.7.</span></p>
|
|
<p>What hosts you select to manage can be additionally constrained by using the ‘–limit’ parameter or
|
|
by using ‘batch’ (or ‘range’) selectors.</p>
|
|
<p>As mentioned above, patterns can be strung together to select hosts in more than one group:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers:dbservers -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">"/bin/foo xyz"</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>This is an “or” condition. If you want to further constrain the selection, use –limit, which
|
|
also works with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ansible-playbook</span></tt>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers:dbservers -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">"/bin/foo xyz"</span> region
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Now let’s talk about range selection. Suppose you have 1000 servers in group ‘datacenter’, but only want to target one at a time. This is also easy:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers<span class="o">[</span>0-100<span class="o">]</span> -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">"/bin/foo xyz"</span>
|
|
<span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers<span class="o">[</span>101-200<span class="o">]</span> -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">"/bin/foo xyz"</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Both of these methods can be used at the same time, and ranges can also be passed to the –limit parameter.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
|
|
<dl class="last docutils">
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>A list of available modules</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Using ansible for configuration management & deployment</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
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Last updated on Aug 14, 2012.<br/>
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