517 lines
No EOL
26 KiB
HTML
517 lines
No EOL
26 KiB
HTML
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
|
|
<title>Advanced Playbooks — Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management & Deployment</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/bootstrap.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/bootstrap-sphinx.css" type="text/css" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
|
|
URL_ROOT: '',
|
|
VERSION: '0.01',
|
|
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
|
|
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
|
|
HAS_SOURCE: false
|
|
};
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/favicon.ico"/>
|
|
<link rel="top" title="Ansible - SSH-Based Configuration Management & Deployment" href="index.html" />
|
|
<link rel="next" title="Best Practices" href="bestpractices.html" />
|
|
<link rel="prev" title="Playbooks" href="playbooks.html" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
(function () {
|
|
/**
|
|
* Patch TOC list.
|
|
*
|
|
* Will mutate the underlying span to have a correct ul for nav.
|
|
*
|
|
* @param $span: Span containing nested UL's to mutate.
|
|
* @param minLevel: Starting level for nested lists. (1: global, 2: local).
|
|
*/
|
|
var patchToc = function ($span, minLevel) {
|
|
var $tocList = $("<ul/>").attr('class', "dropdown-menu"),
|
|
findA;
|
|
|
|
// Find all a "internal" tags, traversing recursively.
|
|
findA = function ($elem, level) {
|
|
var level = level || 0,
|
|
$items = $elem.find("> li > a.internal, > ul, > li > ul");
|
|
|
|
// Iterate everything in order.
|
|
$items.each(function (index, item) {
|
|
var $item = $(item),
|
|
tag = item.tagName.toLowerCase(),
|
|
pad = 10 + ((level - minLevel) * 10);
|
|
|
|
if (tag === 'a' && level >= minLevel) {
|
|
// Add to existing padding.
|
|
$item.css('padding-left', pad + "px");
|
|
// Add list element.
|
|
$tocList.append($("<li/>").append($item));
|
|
} else if (tag === 'ul') {
|
|
// Recurse.
|
|
findA($item, level + 1);
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// Start construction and return.
|
|
findA($span);
|
|
|
|
// Wipe out old list and patch in new one.
|
|
return $span.empty("ul").append($tocList);
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
$(document).ready(function () {
|
|
// Patch the global and local TOC's to be bootstrap-compliant.
|
|
patchToc($("span.globaltoc"), 1);
|
|
patchToc($("span.localtoc"), 2);
|
|
|
|
// Activate.
|
|
$('#topbar').dropdown();
|
|
});
|
|
}());
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
|
|
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
|
|
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-29861888-1']);
|
|
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
|
|
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type =
|
|
'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
|
|
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' :
|
|
'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
|
|
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
(function() {
|
|
var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true;
|
|
po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js';
|
|
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s);
|
|
})();
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script>(function(d, s, id) {
|
|
var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
|
|
if (d.getElementById(id)) return;
|
|
js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
|
|
js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1";
|
|
fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
|
|
}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<div class="topbar" data-scrollspy="scrollspy" >
|
|
<div class="topbar-inner">
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<!-- <a class="brand" href="index.html">Ansible</a> -->
|
|
<ul class="nav">
|
|
|
|
<li class="dropdown" data-dropdown="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="index.html"
|
|
class="dropdown-toggle">Chapter</a>
|
|
<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory & Patterns</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Command Line</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bestpractices.html">Best Practices</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API & Integrations</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="faq.html">FAQ</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="who_uses_ansible.html">Who Uses Ansible</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dropdown" data-dropdown="dropdown">
|
|
<a href="#"
|
|
class="dropdown-toggle">Page</a>
|
|
<span class="localtoc"><ul>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Advanced Playbooks</a><ul>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#accessing-complex-variable-data">Accessing Complex Variable Data</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#accessing-information-about-other-hosts">Accessing Information About Other Hosts</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#magic-variables">Magic Variables</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#variable-file-seperation">Variable File Seperation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#prompting-for-sensitive-data">Prompting For Sensitive Data</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#passing-variables-on-the-command-line">Passing Variables On The Command Line</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conditional-execution">Conditional Execution</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conditional-imports">Conditional Imports</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loop-shorthand">Loop Shorthand</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#selecting-files-and-templates-based-on-variables">Selecting Files And Templates Based On Variables</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#asynchronous-actions-and-polling">Asynchronous Actions and Polling</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#local-playbooks">Local Playbooks</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pull-mode-playbooks">Pull-Mode Playbooks</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<ul class="nav secondary-nav">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<form class="pull-left" action="search.html" method="get">
|
|
<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a href="http://github.com/ansible/ansible"><img style="position: absolute; right: 0; border: 0;" src="http://ansible.github.com/github.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<a href="http://ansible.github.com"><img src="http://ansible.github.com/ansible-logo.png" alt="Ansible"/></a><br/>
|
|
<br/>
|
|
|
|
<div class="section" id="advanced-playbooks">
|
|
<h1>Advanced Playbooks<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-playbooks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
|
<p>Here are some advanced features of the playbooks language. Using all of these features
|
|
are not neccessary, but many of them will prove useful. If a feature doesn’t seem immediately
|
|
relevant, feel free to skip it. For many people, the features documented in <cite>playbooks</cite> will
|
|
be 90% or more of what they use in Ansible.</p>
|
|
<div class="section" id="accessing-complex-variable-data">
|
|
<h2>Accessing Complex Variable Data<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-complex-variable-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Some provided facts, like networking information, are made available as nested data structures. To access
|
|
them a simple ‘$foo’ is not sufficient, but it is still easy to do. Here’s how we get an IP address using
|
|
Ansible 0.4 and later:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>${ansible_eth0.ipv4.address}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>It is also possible to access variables whose elements are arrays:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>${somelist[0]}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>And the array and hash reference syntaxes can be mixed.</p>
|
|
<p>In templates, the simple access form still holds, but they can also be accessed from Jinja2 in more Python-native ways if
|
|
that is preferred:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>{{ ansible_eth0["ipv4"]["address"] }}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="accessing-information-about-other-hosts">
|
|
<h2>Accessing Information About Other Hosts<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-information-about-other-hosts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>If your database server wants to check the value of a ‘fact’ from another node, or an inventory variable
|
|
assigned to another node, it’s easy to do so within a template or even an action line (note: this uses syntax available in 0.4 and later):</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>${hostvars.hostname.factname}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>NOTE: No database or other complex system is required to exchange data between hosts. The hosts that you
|
|
want to reference data from must be included in either the current play or any previous play.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="magic-variables">
|
|
<h2>Magic Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#magic-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Some variables made available to hosts don’t come from definitions in a playbook, the inventory file, or discovery from the system. There are only two of these, and are used in special cases that many users won’t need.</p>
|
|
<p><em>group_names</em> is a list (array) of all the groups the current host is in. This can be used in templates using Jinja2
|
|
syntax to make template source files that vary based on the group membership (or role) of the host:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>{% if 'webserver' in group_names %}
|
|
# some part of a configuration file that only applies to webservers
|
|
{% endif %}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><em>groups</em> is a list of all the groups (and hosts) in the inventory. This can be used to enumerate all hosts within a group.
|
|
For example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>{% for host in groups['app_servers'] %}
|
|
# something that applies to all app servers.
|
|
{% endfor %}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Use cases include pointing a frontend proxy server to all of the app servers, setting up the correct firewall rules between servers, etc.</p>
|
|
<p><em>inventory_hostname</em> is the name of the hostname as configured in Ansible’s inventory host file. This can
|
|
be useful for when you don’t want to rely on the discovered hostname <cite>ansible_hostname</cite> or for other mysterious
|
|
reasons. Don’t worry about it unless you think you need it.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="variable-file-seperation">
|
|
<h2>Variable File Seperation<a class="headerlink" href="#variable-file-seperation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>It’s a great idea to keep your playbooks under source control, but
|
|
you may wish to make the playbook source public while keeping certain
|
|
important variables private. Similarly, sometimes you may just
|
|
want to keep certain information in different files, away from
|
|
the main playbook.</p>
|
|
<p>You can do this by using an external variables file, or files, just like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
|
- hosts: all
|
|
user: root
|
|
vars:
|
|
favcolor: blue
|
|
vars_files:
|
|
- /vars/external_vars.yml
|
|
tasks:
|
|
- name: this is just a placeholder
|
|
action: command /bin/echo foo</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>This removes the risk of sharing sensitive data with others when
|
|
sharing your playbook source with them.</p>
|
|
<p>The contents of each variables file is a simple YAML dictionary, like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
|
# in the above example, this would be vars/external_vars.yml
|
|
somevar: somevalue
|
|
password: magic</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="prompting-for-sensitive-data">
|
|
<h2>Prompting For Sensitive Data<a class="headerlink" href="#prompting-for-sensitive-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>You may wish to prompt the user for certain input, and can
|
|
do so with the similarly named ‘vars_prompt’ section. This has uses
|
|
beyond security, for instance, you may use the same playbook for all
|
|
software releases and would prompt for a particular release version
|
|
in a push-script:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
|
- hosts: all
|
|
user: root
|
|
vars:
|
|
from: "camelot"
|
|
vars_prompt:
|
|
name: "what is your name?"
|
|
quest: "what is your quest?"
|
|
favcolor: "what is your favorite color?"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>There are full examples of both of these items in the github examples/playbooks directory.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="passing-variables-on-the-command-line">
|
|
<h2>Passing Variables On The Command Line<a class="headerlink" href="#passing-variables-on-the-command-line" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>In addition to <cite>vars_prompt</cite> and <cite>vars_files</cite>, it is possible to send variables over
|
|
the ansible command line. This is particularly useful when writing a generic release playbook
|
|
where you may want to pass in the version of the application to deploy:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible-playbook release.yml --extra-vars "version=1.23.45 other_variable=foo"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="conditional-execution">
|
|
<h2>Conditional Execution<a class="headerlink" href="#conditional-execution" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Sometimes you will want to skip a particular step on a particular host. This could be something
|
|
as simple as not installing a certain package if the operating system is a particular version,
|
|
or it could be something like performing some cleanup steps if a filesystem is getting full.</p>
|
|
<p>This is easy to do in Ansible, with the <cite>only_if</cite> clause, which actually is a Python expression.
|
|
Don’t panic – it’s actually pretty simple:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>vars:
|
|
favcolor: blue
|
|
is_favcolor_blue: "'$favcolor' == 'blue'"
|
|
is_centos: "'$facter_operatingsystem' == 'CentOS'"
|
|
tasks:
|
|
- name: "shutdown if my favorite color is blue"
|
|
action: command /sbin/shutdown -t now
|
|
only_if: '$is_favcolor_blue'</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Variables from tools like <cite>facter</cite> and <cite>ohai</cite> can be used here, if installed, or you can
|
|
use variables that bubble up from ansible (0.3 and later). As a reminder,
|
|
these variables are prefixed, so it’s <cite>$facter_operatingsystem</cite>, not <cite>$operatingsystem</cite>. Ansible’s
|
|
built in variables are prefixed with <cite>ansible_</cite>. The only_if
|
|
expression is actually a tiny small bit of Python, so be sure to quote variables and make something
|
|
that evaluates to <cite>True</cite> or <cite>False</cite>. It is a good idea to use ‘vars_files’ instead of ‘vars’ to define
|
|
all of your conditional expressions in a way that makes them very easy to reuse between plays
|
|
and playbooks.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="conditional-imports">
|
|
<h2>Conditional Imports<a class="headerlink" href="#conditional-imports" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Sometimes you will want to do certain things differently in a playbook based on certain criteria.
|
|
Having one playbook that works on multiple platforms and OS versions is a good example.</p>
|
|
<p>As an example, the name of the Apache package may be different between CentOS and Debian,
|
|
but it is easily handled with a minimum of syntax in an Ansible Playbook:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
|
- hosts: all
|
|
user: root
|
|
vars_files:
|
|
- "vars/common.yml"
|
|
- [ "vars/$facter_operatingsystem.yml", "vars/os_defaults.yml" ]
|
|
tasks:
|
|
- name: make sure apache is running
|
|
action: service name=$apache state=running</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Note that a variable (<cite>$facter_operatingsystem</cite>) is being interpolated into the list of
|
|
filenames being defined for vars_files.</p>
|
|
<p>As a reminder, the various YAML files contain just keys and values:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
|
# for vars/CentOS.yml
|
|
apache: httpd
|
|
somethingelse: 42</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>How does this work? If the operating system was ‘CentOS’, the first file Ansible would try to import
|
|
would be ‘vars/CentOS.yml’, followed up by ‘/vars/os_defaults.yml’ if that file
|
|
did not exist. If no files in the list were found, an error would be raised.
|
|
On Debian, it would instead first look towards ‘vars/Debian.yml’ instead of ‘vars/CentOS.yml’, before
|
|
falling back on ‘vars/os_defaults.yml’. Pretty simple.</p>
|
|
<p>To use this conditional import feature, you’ll need facter or ohai installed prior to running the playbook, but
|
|
you can of course push this out with Ansible if you like:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre># for facter
|
|
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=facter ensure=installed"
|
|
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=ruby-json ensure=installed"
|
|
|
|
# for ohai
|
|
ansible -m yum -a "pkg=ohai ensure=installed"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ansible’s approach to configuration – seperating variables from tasks, keeps your playbooks
|
|
from turning into arbitrary code with ugly nested ifs, conditionals, and so on - and results
|
|
in more streamlined & auditable configuration rules – especially because there are a
|
|
minimum of decision points to track.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="loop-shorthand">
|
|
<h2>Loop Shorthand<a class="headerlink" href="#loop-shorthand" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>To save some typing, repeated tasks can be written in short-hand like so:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- name: add user $item
|
|
action: user name=$item state=present groups=wheel
|
|
with_items:
|
|
- testuser1
|
|
- testuser2</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The above would be the equivalent of:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- name: add user testuser1
|
|
action: user name=testuser1 state=present groups=wheel
|
|
- name: add user testuser2
|
|
action: user name=testuser2 state=present groups=wheel</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>In a future release, the yum and apt modules will use with_items to execute fewer package
|
|
manager transactions.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="selecting-files-and-templates-based-on-variables">
|
|
<h2>Selecting Files And Templates Based On Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-files-and-templates-based-on-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Sometimes a configuration file you want to copy, or a template you will use may depend on a variable.
|
|
The following construct (new in 0.4) selects the first available file appropriate for the variables of a given host,
|
|
which is often much cleaner than putting a lot of if conditionals in a template.</p>
|
|
<p>The following example shows how to template out a configuration file that was very different between, say,
|
|
CentOS and Debian:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>- name: template a file
|
|
action: template src=$item dest=/etc/myapp/foo.conf
|
|
first_available_file:
|
|
- /srv/templates/myapp/${ansible_distribution}.conf
|
|
- /srv/templates/myapp/default.conf</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="asynchronous-actions-and-polling">
|
|
<h2>Asynchronous Actions and Polling<a class="headerlink" href="#asynchronous-actions-and-polling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>By default tasks in playbooks block, meaning the connections stay open
|
|
until the task is done on each node. If executing playbooks with
|
|
a small parallelism value (aka <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--forks</span></tt>), you may wish that long
|
|
running operations can go faster. The easiest way to do this is
|
|
to kick them off all at once and then poll until they are done.</p>
|
|
<p>You will also want to use asynchronous mode on very long running
|
|
operations that might be subject to timeout.</p>
|
|
<p>To launch a task asynchronously, specify its maximum runtime
|
|
and how frequently you would like to poll for status. The default
|
|
poll value is 10 seconds if you do not specify a value for <cite>poll</cite>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
|
- hosts: all
|
|
user: root
|
|
tasks:
|
|
- name: simulate long running op (15 sec), wait for up to 45, poll every 5
|
|
action: command /bin/sleep 15
|
|
async: 45
|
|
poll: 5</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
<p class="last">There is no default for the async time limit. If you leave off the
|
|
‘async’ keyword, the task runs synchronously, which is Ansible’s
|
|
default.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Alternatively, if you do not need to wait on the task to complete, you may
|
|
“fire and forget” by specifying a poll value of 0:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>---
|
|
- hosts: all
|
|
user: root
|
|
tasks:
|
|
- name: simulate long running op, allow to run for 45, fire and forget
|
|
action: command /bin/sleep 15
|
|
async: 45
|
|
poll: 0</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
<p class="last">You shouldn’t “fire and forget” with operations that require
|
|
exclusive locks, such as yum transactions, if you expect to run other
|
|
commands later in the playbook against those same resources.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
<p class="last">Using a higher value for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--forks</span></tt> will result in kicking off asynchronous
|
|
tasks even faster. This also increases the efficiency of polling.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="local-playbooks">
|
|
<h2>Local Playbooks<a class="headerlink" href="#local-playbooks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>It may be useful to use a playbook locally, rather than by connecting over SSH. This can be useful
|
|
for assuring the configuration of a system by putting a playbook on a crontab. This may also be used
|
|
to run a playbook inside a OS installer, such as an Anaconda kickstart.</p>
|
|
<p>To run an entire playbook locally, just set the “hosts:” line to “hosts:127.0.0.1” and then run the playbook like so:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible-playbook playbook.yml --connection=local</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Alternatively, a local connection can be used in a single playbook play, even if other plays in the playbook
|
|
use the default remote connection type:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>hosts: 127.0.0.1
|
|
connection: local</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="pull-mode-playbooks">
|
|
<h2>Pull-Mode Playbooks<a class="headerlink" href="#pull-mode-playbooks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The use of playbooks in local mode (above) is made extremely powerful with the addition of <cite>ansible-pull</cite> in the
|
|
0.4 release. A script for setting up ansible-pull is provided in the examples/playbooks directory of the source
|
|
checkout.</p>
|
|
<p>The basic idea is to use Ansible to set up a remote copy of ansible on each managed node, each set to run via
|
|
cron and update playbook source via git. This interverts the default push architecture of ansible into a pull
|
|
architecture, which has near-limitless scaling potential. The setup playbook can be tuned to change
|
|
the cron frequency, logging locations, and parameters to ansible-pull.</p>
|
|
<p>This is useful both for extreme scale-out as well as periodic remediation. Usage of the ‘fetch’ module to retrieve
|
|
logs from ansible-pull runs would be an excellent way to gather and analyze remote logs from ansible-pull.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
|
|
<dl class="last docutils">
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html"><em>YAML Syntax</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Learn about YAML syntax</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Review the basic playbook features</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="bestpractices.html"><em>Best Practices</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Various tips about playbooks in the real world</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Learn about available modules</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html"><em>Module Development</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Learn how to extend Ansible by writing your own modules</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>Inventory & Patterns</em></a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Learn about how to select hosts</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible/tree/master/examples/playbooks">Github examples directory</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Complete playbook files from the github project source</dd>
|
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br/>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<footer class="footer">
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<div id="fb-root"></div>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="ansible.github.com">Share On Twitter</a>
|
|
<script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");</script>
|
|
<g:plusone annotation="inline"></g:plusone>
|
|
<div class="fb-like" data-href="http://ansible.github.com" data-send="true" data-width="450" data-show-faces="false"></div>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.<br/>
|
|
Last updated on Jul 25, 2012.<br/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |