131 lines
6.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
131 lines
6.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
Python API
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==========
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.. note:: This document is out of date: 'ansible.parsing.dataloader' and 'ansible.runner' are not available in the current version of Ansible.
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.. contents:: Topics
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Please note that while we make this API available it is not intended for direct consumption, it is here
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for the support of the Ansible command line tools. We try not to make breaking changes but we reserve the
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right to do so at any time if it makes sense for the Ansible toolset.
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The following documentation is provided for those that still want to use the API directly, but be mindful this is not something the Ansible team supports.
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There are several interesting ways to use Ansible from an API perspective. You can use
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the Ansible python API to control nodes, you can extend Ansible to respond to various python events, you can
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write various plugins, and you can plug in inventory data from external data sources. This document
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covers the execution and Playbook API at a basic level.
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If you are looking to use Ansible programmatically from something other than Python, trigger events asynchronously,
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or have access control and logging demands, take a look at :doc:`../tower`
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as it has a very nice REST API that provides all of these things at a higher level.
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Ansible is written in its own API so you have a considerable amount of power across the board.
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This chapter discusses the Python API.
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.. note:: Ansible relies on forking processes, as such the API is not thread safe.
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.. _python_api_example:
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Python API example
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------------------
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This example is by no means comphrehensive and is not meant to show you how to use all of Ansible's feautres,
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it is just a simple demonstration on how to minmally run a couple of tasks.::
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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import json
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from collections import namedtuple
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from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
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from ansible.vars.manager import VariableManager
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from ansible.inventory.manager import InventoryManager
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from ansible.playbook.play import Play
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from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
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from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase
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class ResultCallback(CallbackBase):
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"""A sample callback plugin used for performing an action as results come in
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If you want to collect all results into a single object for processing at
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the end of the execution, look into utilizing the ``json`` callback plugin
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or writing your own custom callback plugin
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"""
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def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result, **kwargs):
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"""Print a json representation of the result
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This method could store the result in an instance attribute for retrieval later
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"""
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host = result._host
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print(json.dumps({host.name: result._result}, indent=4))
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# since API is constructed for CLI it expects certain options to always be set, named tuple 'fakes' the args parsing options object
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Options = namedtuple('Options', ['connection', 'module_path', 'forks', 'become', 'become_method', 'become_user', 'check', 'diff'])
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options = Options(connection='local', module_path=['/to/mymodules'], forks=10, become=None, become_method=None, become_user=None, check=False, diff=False)
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# initialize needed objects
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loader = DataLoader() # Takes care of finding and reading yaml, json and ini files
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passwords = dict(vault_pass='secret')
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# Instantiate our ResultCallback for handling results as they come in, Ansible expects this to be one of it's main display outlets
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results_callback = ResultCallback()
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# create inventory, use path to host config file as source or hosts in a comma separated string
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inventory = InventoryManager(loader=loader, sources='localhost,')
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# variable manager takes care of merging all the different sources to give you a unifed view of variables available in each context
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variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=loader, inventory=inventory)
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# create datastructure that represents our play, including tasks, this is basically what our YAML loader does internally.
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play_source = dict(
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name = "Ansible Play",
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hosts = 'localhost',
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gather_facts = 'no',
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tasks = [
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dict(action=dict(module='shell', args='ls'), register='shell_out'),
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dict(action=dict(module='debug', args=dict(msg='{{shell_out.stdout}}')))
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]
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)
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# Create play object, playbook objects use .load instead of init or new methods,
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# this will also automatically create the task objects from the info provided in play_source
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play = Play().load(play_source, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader)
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# actually run it, instantiate task queue manager, which takes care of forking and setting up all objects to iterate over host list and tasks
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tqm = None
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try:
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tqm = TaskQueueManager(
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inventory=inventory,
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variable_manager=variable_manager,
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loader=loader,
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options=options,
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passwords=passwords,
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stdout_callback=results_callback, # Use our custom callback instead of the ``default`` callback plugin, which prints to stdout
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)
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result = tqm.run(play) # most interesting data for a play is actually sent to the callback's methods
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finally:
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# we always need to cleanup child procs, and the strucutres we use to communicate with them
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if tqm is not None:
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tqm.cleanup()
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.. note:: Ansible emits warnings and errors via the display object, which prints directly to stdout, stderr and the Ansible log.
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Advanced programmers may also wish to read the source to ansible itself,
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for it uses the API (with all available options) to implement the ``ansible``
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command line tools (``lib/ansible/cli/``).
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.. seealso::
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:doc:`developing_inventory`
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Developing dynamic inventory integrations
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:doc:`developing_modules`
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How to develop modules
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:doc:`developing_plugins`
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How to develop plugins
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`Development Mailing List <http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-devel>`_
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Mailing list for development topics
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`irc.freenode.net <http://irc.freenode.net>`_
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#ansible IRC chat channel
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