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<div class="section" id="the-inventory-file-patterns-and-groups">
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<span id="patterns"></span><h1>The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups<a class="headerlink" href="#the-inventory-file-patterns-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
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same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in
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Ansible’s inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts.</p>
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<div class="section" id="inventory-file-format">
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<span id="inventoryformat"></span><h2>Inventory File Format<a class="headerlink" href="#inventory-file-format" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The format for /etc/ansible/hosts looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">mail</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">webservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dbservers</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="n">one</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">two</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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<span class="n">three</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The things in brackets are group names, you don’t have to have them,
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but they are useful.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="selecting-targets">
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<h2>Selecting Targets<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-targets" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>We’ll go over how to use the command line in <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a> section, however, basically it looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m <module_name> -a <arguments></pre>
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</div>
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<p>Such as:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Within <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>, these patterns can also be used, for even greater purposes.</p>
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<p>Anyway, to use Ansible, you’ll first need to know how to tell Ansible which hosts in your inventory file to talk to.
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This is done by designating particular host names or groups of hosts.</p>
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<p>The following patterns target all hosts in the inventory file:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>all
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*</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Basically ‘all’ is an alias for ‘*’. It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one.example.com
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one.example.com:two.example.com
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192.168.1.50
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192.168.1.*</pre>
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</div>
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<p>The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted
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with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>webservers
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webservers:dbservers</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Individual host names (or IPs), but not groups, can also be referenced using
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wildcards:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>*.example.com
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*.com</pre>
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</div>
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<p>It’s also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>one*.com:dbservers</pre>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p class="last">It is not possible to target a host not in the inventory file. This is a safety feature.</p>
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</div>
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<p>Easy enough. Now see <a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a> and then <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for how to do things to selected hosts.</p>
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<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
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<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
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<dl class="last docutils">
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html"><em>Command Line Examples</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Examples of basic commands</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
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<dd>Learning ansible’s configuration management language</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
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<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
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<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
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<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
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</dl>
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