diff --git a/src/wallet/wallet.cpp b/src/wallet/wallet.cpp
index 13da7bb2c..6f1894d43 100644
--- a/src/wallet/wallet.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/wallet.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ const CWalletTx* CWallet::GetWalletTx(const uint256& hash) const
     return &(it->second);
 }
 
-CPubKey CWallet::GenerateNewKey(bool internal)
+CPubKey CWallet::GenerateNewKey(CWalletDB &walletdb, bool internal)
 {
     AssertLockHeld(cs_wallet); // mapKeyMetadata
     bool fCompressed = CanSupportFeature(FEATURE_COMPRPUBKEY); // default to compressed public keys if we want 0.6.0 wallets
@@ -100,14 +100,15 @@ CPubKey CWallet::GenerateNewKey(bool internal)
 
     // use HD key derivation if HD was enabled during wallet creation
     if (IsHDEnabled()) {
-        DeriveNewChildKey(metadata, secret, (CanSupportFeature(FEATURE_HD_SPLIT) ? internal : false));
+        DeriveNewChildKey(walletdb, metadata, secret, (CanSupportFeature(FEATURE_HD_SPLIT) ? internal : false));
     } else {
         secret.MakeNewKey(fCompressed);
     }
 
     // Compressed public keys were introduced in version 0.6.0
-    if (fCompressed)
+    if (fCompressed) {
         SetMinVersion(FEATURE_COMPRPUBKEY);
+    }
 
     CPubKey pubkey = secret.GetPubKey();
     assert(secret.VerifyPubKey(pubkey));
@@ -115,12 +116,13 @@ CPubKey CWallet::GenerateNewKey(bool internal)
     mapKeyMetadata[pubkey.GetID()] = metadata;
     UpdateTimeFirstKey(nCreationTime);
 
-    if (!AddKeyPubKey(secret, pubkey))
+    if (!AddKeyPubKeyWithDB(walletdb, secret, pubkey)) {
         throw std::runtime_error(std::string(__func__) + ": AddKey failed");
+    }
     return pubkey;
 }
 
-void CWallet::DeriveNewChildKey(CKeyMetadata& metadata, CKey& secret, bool internal)
+void CWallet::DeriveNewChildKey(CWalletDB &walletdb, CKeyMetadata& metadata, CKey& secret, bool internal)
 {
     // for now we use a fixed keypath scheme of m/0'/0'/k
     CKey key;                      //master key seed (256bit)
@@ -162,33 +164,52 @@ void CWallet::DeriveNewChildKey(CKeyMetadata& metadata, CKey& secret, bool inter
     secret = childKey.key;
     metadata.hdMasterKeyID = hdChain.masterKeyID;
     // update the chain model in the database
-    if (!CWalletDB(*dbw).WriteHDChain(hdChain))
+    if (!walletdb.WriteHDChain(hdChain))
         throw std::runtime_error(std::string(__func__) + ": Writing HD chain model failed");
 }
 
-bool CWallet::AddKeyPubKey(const CKey& secret, const CPubKey &pubkey)
+bool CWallet::AddKeyPubKeyWithDB(CWalletDB &walletdb, const CKey& secret, const CPubKey &pubkey)
 {
     AssertLockHeld(cs_wallet); // mapKeyMetadata
-    if (!CCryptoKeyStore::AddKeyPubKey(secret, pubkey))
+
+    // CCryptoKeyStore has no concept of wallet databases, but calls AddCryptedKey
+    // which is overridden below.  To avoid flushes, the database handle is
+    // tunneled through to it.
+    bool needsDB = !pwalletdbEncryption;
+    if (needsDB) {
+        pwalletdbEncryption = &walletdb;
+    }
+    if (!CCryptoKeyStore::AddKeyPubKey(secret, pubkey)) {
+        if (needsDB) pwalletdbEncryption = NULL;
         return false;
+    }
+    if (needsDB) pwalletdbEncryption = NULL;
 
     // check if we need to remove from watch-only
     CScript script;
     script = GetScriptForDestination(pubkey.GetID());
-    if (HaveWatchOnly(script))
+    if (HaveWatchOnly(script)) {
         RemoveWatchOnly(script);
+    }
     script = GetScriptForRawPubKey(pubkey);
-    if (HaveWatchOnly(script))
+    if (HaveWatchOnly(script)) {
         RemoveWatchOnly(script);
+    }
 
     if (!IsCrypted()) {
-        return CWalletDB(*dbw).WriteKey(pubkey,
+        return walletdb.WriteKey(pubkey,
                                                  secret.GetPrivKey(),
                                                  mapKeyMetadata[pubkey.GetID()]);
     }
     return true;
 }
 
+bool CWallet::AddKeyPubKey(const CKey& secret, const CPubKey &pubkey)
+{
+    CWalletDB walletdb(*dbw);
+    return CWallet::AddKeyPubKeyWithDB(walletdb, secret, pubkey);
+}
+
 bool CWallet::AddCryptedKey(const CPubKey &vchPubKey,
                             const std::vector<unsigned char> &vchCryptedSecret)
 {
@@ -3197,15 +3218,18 @@ bool CWallet::TopUpKeyPool(unsigned int kpSize)
                 nEnd = std::max(nEnd, *(setExternalKeyPool.rbegin()) + 1);
             }
 
-            if (!walletdb.WritePool(nEnd, CKeyPool(GenerateNewKey(internal), internal)))
+            if (!walletdb.WritePool(nEnd, CKeyPool(GenerateNewKey(walletdb, internal), internal))) {
                 throw std::runtime_error(std::string(__func__) + ": writing generated key failed");
+            }
 
             if (internal) {
                 setInternalKeyPool.insert(nEnd);
             } else {
                 setExternalKeyPool.insert(nEnd);
             }
-            LogPrintf("keypool added key %d, size=%u (%u internal), new key is %s\n", nEnd, setInternalKeyPool.size() + setExternalKeyPool.size(), setInternalKeyPool.size(), internal ? "internal" : "external");
+        }
+        if (missingInternal + missingExternal > 0) {
+            LogPrintf("keypool added %d keys (%d internal), size=%u (%u internal)\n", missingInternal + missingExternal, missingInternal, setInternalKeyPool.size() + setExternalKeyPool.size(), setInternalKeyPool.size());
         }
     }
     return true;
@@ -3280,7 +3304,8 @@ bool CWallet::GetKeyFromPool(CPubKey& result, bool internal)
         if (nIndex == -1)
         {
             if (IsLocked()) return false;
-            result = GenerateNewKey(internal);
+            CWalletDB walletdb(*dbw);
+            result = GenerateNewKey(walletdb, internal);
             return true;
         }
         KeepKey(nIndex);
diff --git a/src/wallet/wallet.h b/src/wallet/wallet.h
index b716e46a7..06937566b 100644
--- a/src/wallet/wallet.h
+++ b/src/wallet/wallet.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ extern unsigned int nTxConfirmTarget;
 extern bool bSpendZeroConfChange;
 extern bool fWalletRbf;
 
-static const unsigned int DEFAULT_KEYPOOL_SIZE = 100;
+static const unsigned int DEFAULT_KEYPOOL_SIZE = 1000;
 //! -paytxfee default
 static const CAmount DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_FEE = 0;
 //! -fallbackfee default
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ private:
     CHDChain hdChain;
 
     /* HD derive new child key (on internal or external chain) */
-    void DeriveNewChildKey(CKeyMetadata& metadata, CKey& secret, bool internal = false);
+    void DeriveNewChildKey(CWalletDB &walletdb, CKeyMetadata& metadata, CKey& secret, bool internal = false);
 
     std::set<int64_t> setInternalKeyPool;
     std::set<int64_t> setExternalKeyPool;
@@ -866,9 +866,10 @@ public:
      * keystore implementation
      * Generate a new key
      */
-    CPubKey GenerateNewKey(bool internal = false);
+    CPubKey GenerateNewKey(CWalletDB& walletdb, bool internal = false);
     //! Adds a key to the store, and saves it to disk.
     bool AddKeyPubKey(const CKey& key, const CPubKey &pubkey) override;
+    bool AddKeyPubKeyWithDB(CWalletDB &walletdb,const CKey& key, const CPubKey &pubkey);
     //! Adds a key to the store, without saving it to disk (used by LoadWallet)
     bool LoadKey(const CKey& key, const CPubKey &pubkey) { return CCryptoKeyStore::AddKeyPubKey(key, pubkey); }
     //! Load metadata (used by LoadWallet)