This is a collection of style guides for Kibana projects. The include guides for the following: - [JavaScript](#javascript-style-guide) - [Kibana Project](#kibana-style-guide) - [Html](#html-style-guide) # JavaScript Style Guide ## 2 Spaces for indention Use 2 spaces for indenting your code and swear an oath to never mix tabs and spaces - a special kind of hell is awaiting you otherwise. ## Newlines Use UNIX-style newlines (`\n`), and a newline character as the last character of a file. Windows-style newlines (`\r\n`) are forbidden inside any repository. ## No trailing whitespace Just like you brush your teeth after every meal, you clean up any trailing whitespace in your JS files before committing. Otherwise the rotten smell of careless neglect will eventually drive away contributors and/or co-workers. ## Use Semicolons According to [scientific research][hnsemicolons], the usage of semicolons is a core value of our community. Consider the points of [the opposition][], but be a traditionalist when it comes to abusing error correction mechanisms for cheap syntactic pleasures. [the opposition]: http://blog.izs.me/post/2353458699/an-open-letter-to-javascript-leaders-regarding [hnsemicolons]: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1547647 ## 120 characters per line Try to limit your lines to 80 characters. If it feels right, you can go up to 120 characters. ## Use single quotes Use single quotes, unless you are writing JSON. *Right:* ```js var foo = 'bar'; ``` *Wrong:* ```js var foo = "bar"; ``` ## Opening braces go on the same line Your opening braces go on the same line as the statement. *Right:* ```js if (true) { console.log('winning'); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js if (true) { console.log('losing'); } ``` Also, notice the use of whitespace before and after the condition statement. ## Always use braces for multi-line code *Right:* ```js if (err) { return cb(err); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js if (err) return cb(err); ``` ## Prefer multi-line conditionals But single-line conditionals are allowed for short lines *Preferred:* ```js if (err) { return cb(err); } ``` *Allowed:* ```js if (err) return cb(err); ``` ## Declare one variable per var statement Declare one variable per var statement, it makes it easier to re-order the lines. However, ignore [Crockford][crockfordconvention] when it comes to declaring variables deeper inside a function, just put the declarations wherever they make sense. *Right:* ```js var keys = ['foo', 'bar']; var values = [23, 42]; var object = {}; while (keys.length) { var key = keys.pop(); object[key] = values.pop(); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js var keys = ['foo', 'bar'], values = [23, 42], object = {}, key; while (keys.length) { key = keys.pop(); object[key] = values.pop(); } ``` [crockfordconvention]: http://javascript.crockford.com/code.html ## Use lowerCamelCase for variables, properties and function names Variables, properties and function names should use `lowerCamelCase`. They should also be descriptive. Single character variables and uncommon abbreviations should generally be avoided. *Right:* ```js var adminUser = db.query('SELECT * FROM users ...'); ``` *Wrong:* ```js var admin_user = db.query('SELECT * FROM users ...'); ``` ## Use UpperCamelCase for class names Class names should be capitalized using `UpperCamelCase`. *Right:* ```js function BankAccount() { } ``` *Wrong:* ```js function bank_Account() { } ``` ## Use UPPERCASE for Constants Constants should be declared as regular variables or static class properties, using all uppercase letters. Node.js / V8 actually supports mozilla's [const][const] extension, but unfortunately that cannot be applied to class members, nor is it part of any ECMA standard. *Right:* ```js var SECOND = 1 * 1000; function File() { } File.FULL_PERMISSIONS = 0777; ``` *Wrong:* ```js const SECOND = 1 * 1000; function File() { } File.fullPermissions = 0777; ``` [const]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const ## Magic numbers These are numbers (or other values) simply used in line in your code. **Do not use these**, give them a variable name so they can be understood and changed easily. *Right:* ```js var minWidth = 300; if (width < minWidth) { ... } ``` *Wrong:* ```js if (width < 300) { ... } ``` ## Global definitions Don't do this. Everything should be wrapped in a module that can be depended on by other modules. Even things as simple as a single value should be a module. ## Function definitions Prefer the use of function declarations over function expressions. Function expressions are allowed, but should usually be avoided. Also, keep function definitions above other code instead of relying on function hoisting. *Preferred:* ```js function myFunc() { ... } ``` *Allowed:* ```js var myFunc = function () { ... }; ``` ## Object / Array creation Use trailing commas and put *short* declarations on a single line. Only quote keys when your interpreter complains: *Right:* ```js var a = ['hello', 'world']; var b = { good: 'code', 'is generally': 'pretty' }; ``` *Wrong:* ```js var a = [ 'hello', 'world' ]; var b = {"good": 'code' , is generally: 'pretty' }; ``` ## Object / Array iterations, transformations and operations Use native ES5 methods to iterate and transform arrays and objects where possible. Do not use `for` and `while` loops. Use descriptive variable names in the closures. Use a utility library as needed and where it will make code more comprehensible. *Right:* ```js var userNames = users.map(function (user) { return user.name; }); // examples where lodash makes the code more readable var userNames = _.pluck(users, 'name'); ``` *Wrong:* ```js var userNames = []; for (var i = 0; i < users.length; i++) { userNames.push(users[i].name); } ``` ## Use the === operator Programming is not about remembering [stupid rules][comparisonoperators]. Use the triple equality operator as it will work just as expected. *Right:* ```js var a = 0; if (a !== '') { console.log('winning'); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js var a = 0; if (a == '') { console.log('losing'); } ``` [comparisonoperators]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators ## Only use ternary operators for small, simple code And **never** use multiple ternaries together *Right:* ```js var foo = (a === b) ? 1 : 2; ``` *Wrong:* ```js var foo = (a === b) ? 1 : (a === c) ? 2 : 3; ``` ## Do not extend built-in prototypes Do not extend the prototype of native JavaScript objects. Your future self will be forever grateful. *Right:* ```js var a = []; if (!a.length) { console.log('winning'); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js Array.prototype.empty = function() { return !this.length; } var a = []; if (a.empty()) { console.log('losing'); } ``` ## Use descriptive conditions Any non-trivial conditions should be assigned to a descriptively named variables, broken into several names variables, or converted to be a function: *Right:* ```js var thing = ...; var isShape = thing instanceof Shape; var notSquare = !(thing instanceof Square); var largerThan10 = isShape && thing.size > 10; if (isShape && notSquare && largerThan10) { console.log('some big polygon'); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js if ( thing instanceof Shape && !(thing instanceof Square) && thing.size > 10 ) { console.log('bigger than ten?? Woah!'); } ``` ## Name regular expressions *Right:* ```js var validPasswordRE = /^(?=.*\d).{4,}$/; if (password.length >= 4 && validPasswordRE.test(password)) { console.log('password is valid'); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js if (password.length >= 4 && /^(?=.*\d).{4,}$/.test(password)) { console.log('losing'); } ``` ## Write small functions Keep your functions short. A good function fits on a slide that the people in the last row of a big room can comfortably read. So don't count on them having perfect vision and limit yourself to ~15 lines of code per function. ## Return early from functions To avoid deep nesting of if-statements, always return a function's value as early as possible. *Right:* ```js function isPercentage(val) { if (val < 0) return false; if (val > 100) return false; return true; } ``` *Wrong:* ```js function isPercentage(val) { if (val >= 0) { if (val < 100) { return true; } else { return false; } } else { return false; } } ``` Or for this particular example it may also be fine to shorten things even further: ```js function isPercentage(val) { var isInRange = (val >= 0 && val <= 100); return isInRange; } ``` ## Chaining operations When using a chaining syntax (jquery or promises, for example), do not indent the subsequent chained operations, unless there is a logical grouping in them. Also, if the chain is long, each method should be on a new line. *Right:* ```js $('.someClass') .addClass('another-class') .append(someElement) ``` ```js d3.selectAll('g.bar') .enter() .append('thing') .data(anything) .exit() .each(function() ... ) ``` ```js $http.get('/info') .then(({ data }) => this.transfromInfo(data)) .then((transformed) => $http.post('/new-info', transformed)) .then(({ data }) => console.log(data)); ``` *Wrong:* ```js $('.someClass') .addClass('another-class') .append(someElement) ``` ```js d3.selectAll('g.bar') .enter().append('thing').data(anything).exit() .each(function() ... ) ``` ```js $http.get('/info') .then(({ data }) => this.transfromInfo(data)) .then((transformed) => $http.post('/new-info', transformed)) .then(({ data }) => console.log(data)); ``` ## Name your closures Feel free to give your closures a descriptive name. It shows that you care about them, and will produce better stack traces, heap and cpu profiles. *Right:* ```js req.on('end', function onEnd() { console.log('winning'); }); ``` *Wrong:* ```js req.on('end', function() { console.log('losing'); }); ``` ## No nested closures Use closures, but don't nest them. Otherwise your code will become a mess. *Right:* ```js setTimeout(function() { client.connect(afterConnect); }, 1000); function afterConnect() { console.log('winning'); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js setTimeout(function() { client.connect(function() { console.log('losing'); }); }, 1000); ``` ## Use slashes for comments Use slashes for both single line and multi line comments. Try to write comments that explain higher level mechanisms or clarify difficult segments of your code. **Don't use comments to restate trivial things**. ***Exception:*** Comment blocks describing a function and it's arguments (docblock) should start with `/**`, contain a single `*` at the begining of each line, and end with `*/`. *Right:* ```js // 'ID_SOMETHING=VALUE' -> ['ID_SOMETHING=VALUE', 'SOMETHING', 'VALUE'] var matches = item.match(/ID_([^\n]+)=([^\n]+)/)); /** * Fetches a user from... * @param {string} id - id of the user * @return {Promise} */ function loadUser(id) { // This function has a nasty side effect where a failure to increment a // redis counter used for statistics will cause an exception. This needs // to be fixed in a later iteration. ... } var isSessionValid = (session.expires < Date.now()); if (isSessionValid) { ... } ``` *Wrong:* ```js // Execute a regex var matches = item.match(/ID_([^\n]+)=([^\n]+)/)); // Usage: loadUser(5, function() { ... }) function loadUser(id, cb) { // ... } // Check if the session is valid var isSessionValid = (session.expires < Date.now()); // If the session is valid if (isSessionValid) { // ... } ``` ## Do not comment out code We use a version management system. If a line of code is no longer needed, remove it, don't simply comment it out. ## Classes/Constructors and Inheritance While JavaScript it is not always considered an object-oriented language, it does have the building blocks for writing object oriented code. Of course, as with all things JavaScript, there are many ways this can be accomplished. Generally, we try to err on the side of readability. ### Capitalized function definition as Constructors When Defining a Class/Constructor, use the function definition syntax. *Right:* ```js function ClassName() { } ``` *Wrong:* ```js var ClassName = function () {}; ``` ### Inhertiance should be done with a utility While you can do it with pure JS, a utility will remove a lot of boilerplate, and be more readable and functional. *Right:* ```js // uses a lodash inherits mixin // inheritance is defined first - it's easier to read and the function will be hoisted _.class(Square).inherits(Shape); function Square(width, height) { Square.Super.call(this); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js function Square(width, height) { this.width = width; this.height = height; } Square.prototype = Object.create(Shape); ``` ### Keep Constructors Small It is often the case that there are properties that can't be defined on the prototype, or work that needs to be done to completely create an object (like call it's Super class). This is all that should be done within constructors. Try to follow the [Write small functions](#write-small-functions) rule here too. ### Use the prototype If a method/property *can* go on the prototype, it probably should. ```js function Square() { ... } /** * method does stuff * @return {undefined} */ Square.prototype.method = function () { ... } ``` ### Handling scope and aliasing `this` When creating a prototyped class, each method should almost always start with: `var self = this;` With the exception of very short methods (roughly 3 lines or less), `self` should always be used in place of `this`. Avoid the use of `bind` *Right:* ```js Square.prototype.doFancyThings = function () { var self = this; somePromiseUtil() .then(function (result) { self.prop = result.prop; }); } ``` *Wrong:* ```js Square.prototype.doFancyThings = function () { somePromiseUtil() .then(function (result) { this.prop = result.prop; }).bind(this); } ``` *Allowed:* ```js Square.prototype.area = function () { return this.width * this.height; } ``` ## Object.freeze, Object.preventExtensions, Object.seal, with, eval Crazy shit that you will probably never need. Stay away from it. ## Getters and Setters Feel free to use getters that are free from [side effects][sideeffect], like providing a length property for a collection class. Do not use setters, they cause more problems for people who try to use your software than they can solve. [sideeffect]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_effect_(computer_science) # Kibana Style Guide Things listed here are specific to Kibana and likely only apply to this project ## Share common utilities as lodash mixins When creating a utility function, attach it as a lodash mixin. Several already exist, and can be found in `src/kibana/utils/_mixins.js` ## Filenames All filenames should use `snake_case` and *can* start with an underscore if the module is not intended to be used outside of it's containing module. *Right:* - `src/kibana/index_patterns/index_pattern.js` - `src/kibana/index_patterns/_field.js` *Wrong:* - `src/kibana/IndexPatterns/IndexPattern.js` - `src/kibana/IndexPatterns/Field.js` ## Modules Kibana uses WebPack, which supports many types of module definitions. ### CommonJS Syntax Module dependencies should be written using CommonJS or ES2015 syntax: *Right:* ```js const _ = require('lodash'); module.exports = ...; ``` ```js import _ from 'lodash'; export default ...; ``` *Wrong:* ```js define(['lodash'], function (_) { ... }); ``` ## Angular Usage Kibana is written in Angular, and uses several utility methods to make using Angular easier. ### Defining modules Angular modules are defined using a custom require module named `ui/modules`. It is used as follows: ```js var app = require('ui/modules').get('app/namespace'); ``` `app` above is a reference to an Angular module, and can be used to define controllers, providers and anything else used in Angular. While you can use this module to create/get any module with ui/modules, we generally use the "kibana" module for everything. ### Private modules A service called `Private` is available to load any function as an angular module without needing to define it as such. It is used as follows: ```js app.controller('myController', function($scope, otherDeps, Private) { var ExternalClass = Private(require('path/to/some/class')); ... }); ``` *Use `Private` modules for everything except directives, filters, and controllers.* ### Promises A more robust version of Angular's `$q` service is available as `Promise`. It can be used in the same way as `$q`, but it comes packaged with several utility methods that provide many of the same useful utilities as Bluebird. ```js app.service('CustomService', function(Promise, otherDeps) { new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { ... }); var promisedFunc = Promise.cast(someFunc); return Promise.resolve('value'); }); ``` ### Routes Angular routes are defined using a custom require modules named `routes` that remove much of the required boilerplate. ```js require('ui/routes') .when('/my/object/route/:id?', { // angular route code goes here }); ``` # Html Style Guide ## Multiple attribute values When a node has multiple attributes that would cause it to exceed the line character limit, each attribute including the first should be on its own line with a single indent. Also, when a node that is styled in this way has child nodes, there should be a blank line between the openening parent tag and the first child tag. ```