This change overhauls the approach to custom decoding. Instead of decoding
the parts of the struct that are "trivial" in one pass, and then patching up
the structure afterwards with custom decoding, the decoder itself understands
the notion of custom decoder functions.
First, the general purpose logic has moved out of pkg/pack/encoding and into
a new package, pkg/util/mapper. Most functions are now members of a new top-
level type, Mapper, which may be initialized with custom decoders. This
is a map from target type to a function that can decode objects into it.
Second, the AST-specific decoding logic is rewritten to use it. All AST nodes
are now supported, including definitions, statements, and expressions. The
overall approach here is to simply define a custom decoder for any interface
type that will occur in a node field position. The mapper, upon encountering
such a type, will consult the custom decoder map; if a decoder is found, it
will be used, otherwise an error results. This decoder then needs to switch
on the type discriminated kind field that is present in the metadata, creating
a concrete struct of the right type, and then converting it to the desired
interface type. Note that, subtly, interface types used only for "marker"
purposes don't require any custom decoding, because they do not appear in
field positions and therefore won't be encountered during the decoding process.
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