Give til::bitmap custom allocator support and add til::pmr::bitmap (#8787)

`til::details::bitmap<Allocator>` will use `Allocator` for its
`dynamic_bitset`, and it will use a rebound allocator for its run storage.

Allocator should be an allocator type storing `unsigned long long`, the
backing store type for `dynamic_bitset`.

I've introduced a type alias, `til::bitmap`, which papers over the
allocator choice for all existing code. I've also introduced a second
type alias, `til::pmr::bitmap`, which lets a consumer use the C++
polymorphic allocator system.

I chatted with @miniksa about whether to keep the "full" allocator
version in `details` or not. We decided that for the simplicity of the
`til` namespace, we would. If anybody has a compelling reason to use
`til::details::bitmap<Allocator>` directly, we can re-evaluate this
decision.
This commit is contained in:
Dustin L. Howett 2021-01-19 10:24:39 -08:00 committed by GitHub
parent 6c4878c8d5
commit 2919d96c21
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GPG key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
2 changed files with 510 additions and 282 deletions

View file

@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ namespace til // Terminal Implementation Library. Also: "Today I Learned"
{
namespace details
{
template<typename Allocator>
class _bitmap_const_iterator
{
public:
@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ namespace til // Terminal Implementation Library. Also: "Today I Learned"
using pointer = typename const til::rectangle*;
using reference = typename const til::rectangle&;
_bitmap_const_iterator(const dynamic_bitset<>& values, til::rectangle rc, ptrdiff_t pos) :
_bitmap_const_iterator(const dynamic_bitset<unsigned long long, Allocator>& values, til::rectangle rc, ptrdiff_t pos) :
_values(values),
_rc(rc),
_pos(pos),
@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ namespace til // Terminal Implementation Library. Also: "Today I Learned"
}
private:
const dynamic_bitset<>& _values;
const dynamic_bitset<unsigned long long, Allocator>& _values;
const til::rectangle _rc;
ptrdiff_t _pos;
ptrdiff_t _nextPos;
@ -130,372 +131,459 @@ namespace til // Terminal Implementation Library. Also: "Today I Learned"
}
}
};
}
class bitmap
{
public:
using const_iterator = details::_bitmap_const_iterator;
bitmap() noexcept :
_sz{},
_rc{},
_bits{},
_runs{}
template<typename Allocator = std::allocator<unsigned long long>>
class bitmap
{
}
public:
using allocator_type = Allocator;
using const_iterator = details::_bitmap_const_iterator<allocator_type>;
bitmap(til::size sz) :
bitmap(sz, false)
{
}
private:
using run_allocator_type = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::template rebind_alloc<til::rectangle>;
bitmap(til::size sz, bool fill) :
_sz(sz),
_rc(sz),
_bits(_sz.area()),
_runs{}
{
if (fill)
public:
explicit bitmap(const allocator_type& allocator) noexcept :
_alloc{ allocator },
_sz{},
_rc{},
_bits{ _alloc },
_runs{ _alloc }
{
set_all();
}
}
constexpr bool operator==(const bitmap& other) const noexcept
{
return _sz == other._sz &&
_rc == other._rc &&
_bits == other._bits;
// _runs excluded because it's a cache of generated state.
}
constexpr bool operator!=(const bitmap& other) const noexcept
{
return !(*this == other);
}
const_iterator begin() const
{
return const_iterator(_bits, _sz, 0);
}
const_iterator end() const
{
return const_iterator(_bits, _sz, _sz.area());
}
const std::vector<til::rectangle>& runs() const
{
// If we don't have cached runs, rebuild.
if (!_runs.has_value())
{
_runs.emplace(begin(), end());
}
// Return a reference to the runs.
return _runs.value();
}
// optional fill the uncovered area with bits.
void translate(const til::point delta, bool fill = false)
{
if (delta.x() == 0)
bitmap() noexcept :
bitmap(allocator_type{})
{
// fast path by using bit shifting
translate_y(delta.y(), fill);
return;
}
// FUTURE: PERF: GH #4015: This could use in-place walk semantics instead of a temporary.
til::bitmap other{ _sz };
for (auto run : *this)
bitmap(til::size sz) :
bitmap(sz, false, allocator_type{})
{
// Offset by the delta
run += delta;
// Intersect with the bounds of our bitmap area
// as part of it could have slid out of bounds.
run &= _rc;
// Set it into the new bitmap.
other.set(run);
}
// If we were asked to fill... find the uncovered region.
if (fill)
bitmap(til::size sz, const allocator_type& allocator) :
bitmap(sz, false, allocator)
{
// Original Rect of As.
//
// X <-- origin
// A A A A
// A A A A
// A A A A
// A A A A
const auto originalRect = _rc;
}
// If Delta = (2, 2)
// Translated Rect of Bs.
//
// X <-- origin
//
//
// B B B B
// B B B B
// B B B B
// B B B B
const auto translatedRect = _rc + delta;
bitmap(til::size sz, bool fill, const allocator_type& allocator) :
_alloc{ allocator },
_sz(sz),
_rc(sz),
_bits(_sz.area(), fill ? std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max() : 0, _alloc),
_runs{ _alloc }
{
}
// Subtract the B from the A one to see what wasn't filled by the move.
// C is the overlap of A and B:
//
// X <-- origin
// A A A A 1 1 1 1
// A A A A 1 1 1 1
// A A C C B B subtract 2 2
// A A C C B B ---------> 2 2
// B B B B A - B
// B B B B
//
// 1 and 2 are the spaces to fill that are "uncovered".
const auto fillRects = originalRect - translatedRect;
for (const auto& f : fillRects)
bitmap(til::size sz, bool fill) :
bitmap(sz, fill, allocator_type{})
{
}
bitmap(const bitmap& other) :
_alloc{ std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(other._alloc) },
_sz{ other._sz },
_rc{ other._rc },
_bits{ other._bits },
_runs{ other._runs }
{
// copy constructor is required to call select_on_container_copy
}
bitmap& operator=(const bitmap& other)
{
if constexpr (std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::propagate_on_container_copy_assignment::value)
{
other.set(f);
_alloc = other._alloc;
}
_sz = other._sz;
_rc = other._rc;
_bits = other._bits;
_runs = other._runs;
return *this;
}
// Swap us with the temporary one.
std::swap(other, *this);
}
void set(const til::point pt)
{
THROW_HR_IF(E_INVALIDARG, !_rc.contains(pt));
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
_bits.set(_rc.index_of(pt));
}
void set(const til::rectangle rc)
{
THROW_HR_IF(E_INVALIDARG, !_rc.contains(rc));
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
for (auto row = rc.top(); row < rc.bottom(); ++row)
bitmap(bitmap&& other) noexcept :
_alloc{ std::move(other._alloc) },
_sz{ std::move(other._sz) },
_rc{ std::move(other._rc) },
_bits{ std::move(other._bits) },
_runs{ std::move(other._runs) }
{
_bits.set(_rc.index_of(til::point{ rc.left(), row }), rc.width(), true);
}
}
void set_all() noexcept
{
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
_bits.set();
}
void reset_all() noexcept
{
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
_bits.reset();
}
// True if we resized. False if it was the same size as before.
// Set fill if you want the new region (on growing) to be marked dirty.
bool resize(til::size size, bool fill = false)
{
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
// Don't resize if it's not different
if (_sz != size)
bitmap& operator=(bitmap&& other) noexcept
{
// Make a new bitmap for the other side, empty initially.
auto newMap = bitmap(size, false);
// Copy any regions that overlap from this map to the new one.
// Just iterate our runs...
for (const auto& run : *this)
if constexpr (std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::propagate_on_container_move_assignment::value)
{
// intersect them with the new map
// so we don't attempt to set bits that fit outside
// the new one.
const auto intersect = run & newMap._rc;
_alloc = std::move(other._alloc);
}
_bits = std::move(other._bits);
_runs = std::move(other._runs);
_sz = std::move(other._sz);
_rc = std::move(other._rc);
return *this;
}
// and if there is still anything left, set them.
if (!intersect.empty())
{
newMap.set(intersect);
}
~bitmap() {}
void swap(bitmap& other)
{
if constexpr (std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::propagate_on_container_swap::value)
{
std::swap(_alloc, other._alloc);
}
std::swap(_bits, other._bits);
std::swap(_runs, other._runs);
std::swap(_sz, other._sz);
std::swap(_rc, other._rc);
}
constexpr bool operator==(const bitmap& other) const noexcept
{
return _sz == other._sz &&
_rc == other._rc &&
_bits == other._bits;
// _runs excluded because it's a cache of generated state.
}
constexpr bool operator!=(const bitmap& other) const noexcept
{
return !(*this == other);
}
const_iterator begin() const
{
return const_iterator(_bits, _sz, 0);
}
const_iterator end() const
{
return const_iterator(_bits, _sz, _sz.area());
}
const std::vector<til::rectangle, run_allocator_type>& runs() const
{
// If we don't have cached runs, rebuild.
if (!_runs.has_value())
{
_runs.emplace(begin(), end());
}
// Then, if we were requested to fill the new space on growing,
// find the space in the new rectangle that wasn't in the old
// and fill it up.
// Return a reference to the runs.
return _runs.value();
}
// optional fill the uncovered area with bits.
void translate(const til::point delta, bool fill = false)
{
if (delta.x() == 0)
{
// fast path by using bit shifting
translate_y(delta.y(), fill);
return;
}
// FUTURE: PERF: GH #4015: This could use in-place walk semantics instead of a temporary.
bitmap<allocator_type> other{ _sz, _alloc };
for (auto run : *this)
{
// Offset by the delta
run += delta;
// Intersect with the bounds of our bitmap area
// as part of it could have slid out of bounds.
run &= _rc;
// Set it into the new bitmap.
other.set(run);
}
// If we were asked to fill... find the uncovered region.
if (fill)
{
// A subtraction will yield anything in the new that isn't
// a part of the old.
const auto newAreas = newMap._rc - _rc;
for (const auto& area : newAreas)
// Original Rect of As.
//
// X <-- origin
// A A A A
// A A A A
// A A A A
// A A A A
const auto originalRect = _rc;
// If Delta = (2, 2)
// Translated Rect of Bs.
//
// X <-- origin
//
//
// B B B B
// B B B B
// B B B B
// B B B B
const auto translatedRect = _rc + delta;
// Subtract the B from the A one to see what wasn't filled by the move.
// C is the overlap of A and B:
//
// X <-- origin
// A A A A 1 1 1 1
// A A A A 1 1 1 1
// A A C C B B subtract 2 2
// A A C C B B ---------> 2 2
// B B B B A - B
// B B B B
//
// 1 and 2 are the spaces to fill that are "uncovered".
const auto fillRects = originalRect - translatedRect;
for (const auto& f : fillRects)
{
newMap.set(area);
other.set(f);
}
}
// Swap and return.
std::swap(newMap, *this);
return true;
// Swap us with the temporary one.
std::swap(other, *this);
}
else
void set(const til::point pt)
{
return false;
THROW_HR_IF(E_INVALIDARG, !_rc.contains(pt));
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
_bits.set(_rc.index_of(pt));
}
}
constexpr bool one() const noexcept
{
return _bits.count() == 1;
}
constexpr bool any() const noexcept
{
return !none();
}
constexpr bool none() const noexcept
{
return _bits.none();
}
constexpr bool all() const noexcept
{
return _bits.all();
}
constexpr til::size size() const noexcept
{
return _sz;
}
std::wstring to_string() const
{
std::wstringstream wss;
wss << std::endl
<< L"Bitmap of size " << _sz.to_string() << " contains the following dirty regions:" << std::endl;
wss << L"Runs:" << std::endl;
for (auto& item : *this)
void set(const til::rectangle rc)
{
wss << L"\t- " << item.to_string() << std::endl;
THROW_HR_IF(E_INVALIDARG, !_rc.contains(rc));
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
for (auto row = rc.top(); row < rc.bottom(); ++row)
{
_bits.set(_rc.index_of(til::point{ rc.left(), row }), rc.width(), true);
}
}
return wss.str();
}
private:
void translate_y(ptrdiff_t delta_y, bool fill)
{
if (delta_y == 0)
void set_all() noexcept
{
return;
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
_bits.set();
}
const auto bitShift = delta_y * _sz.width();
void reset_all() noexcept
{
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
_bits.reset();
}
// True if we resized. False if it was the same size as before.
// Set fill if you want the new region (on growing) to be marked dirty.
bool resize(til::size size, bool fill = false)
{
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
// Don't resize if it's not different
if (_sz != size)
{
// Make a new bitmap for the other side, empty initially.
bitmap<allocator_type> newMap{ size, false, _alloc };
// Copy any regions that overlap from this map to the new one.
// Just iterate our runs...
for (const auto& run : *this)
{
// intersect them with the new map
// so we don't attempt to set bits that fit outside
// the new one.
const auto intersect = run & newMap._rc;
// and if there is still anything left, set them.
if (!intersect.empty())
{
newMap.set(intersect);
}
}
// Then, if we were requested to fill the new space on growing,
// find the space in the new rectangle that wasn't in the old
// and fill it up.
if (fill)
{
// A subtraction will yield anything in the new that isn't
// a part of the old.
const auto newAreas = newMap._rc - _rc;
for (const auto& area : newAreas)
{
newMap.set(area);
}
}
// Swap and return.
std::swap(newMap, *this);
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
constexpr bool one() const noexcept
{
return _bits.count() == 1;
}
constexpr bool any() const noexcept
{
return !none();
}
constexpr bool none() const noexcept
{
return _bits.none();
}
constexpr bool all() const noexcept
{
return _bits.all();
}
constexpr til::size size() const noexcept
{
return _sz;
}
std::wstring to_string() const
{
std::wstringstream wss;
wss << std::endl
<< L"Bitmap of size " << _sz.to_string() << " contains the following dirty regions:" << std::endl;
wss << L"Runs:" << std::endl;
for (auto& item : *this)
{
wss << L"\t- " << item.to_string() << std::endl;
}
return wss.str();
}
private:
void translate_y(ptrdiff_t delta_y, bool fill)
{
if (delta_y == 0)
{
return;
}
const auto bitShift = delta_y * _sz.width();
#pragma warning(push)
// we can't depend on GSL here, so we use static_cast for explicit narrowing
// we can't depend on GSL here, so we use static_cast for explicit narrowing
#pragma warning(disable : 26472)
const auto newBits = static_cast<size_t>(std::abs(bitShift));
const auto newBits = static_cast<size_t>(std::abs(bitShift));
#pragma warning(pop)
const bool isLeftShift = bitShift > 0;
const bool isLeftShift = bitShift > 0;
if (newBits >= _bits.size())
{
if (fill)
if (newBits >= _bits.size())
{
set_all();
if (fill)
{
set_all();
}
else
{
reset_all();
}
return;
}
else
{
reset_all();
}
return;
}
if (isLeftShift)
{
// This operator doesn't modify the size of `_bits`: the
// new bits are set to 0.
_bits <<= newBits;
}
else
{
_bits >>= newBits;
}
if (fill)
{
if (isLeftShift)
{
_bits.set(0, newBits, true);
// This operator doesn't modify the size of `_bits`: the
// new bits are set to 0.
_bits <<= newBits;
}
else
{
_bits.set(_bits.size() - newBits, newBits, true);
_bits >>= newBits;
}
if (fill)
{
if (isLeftShift)
{
_bits.set(0, newBits, true);
}
else
{
_bits.set(_bits.size() - newBits, newBits, true);
}
}
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
}
_runs.reset(); // reset cached runs on any non-const method
}
allocator_type _alloc;
til::size _sz;
til::rectangle _rc;
dynamic_bitset<unsigned long long, allocator_type> _bits;
til::size _sz;
til::rectangle _rc;
dynamic_bitset<> _bits;
mutable std::optional<std::vector<til::rectangle>> _runs;
mutable std::optional<std::vector<til::rectangle, run_allocator_type>> _runs;
#ifdef UNIT_TESTING
friend class ::BitmapTests;
friend class ::BitmapTests;
#endif
};
};
}
using bitmap = ::til::details::bitmap<>;
namespace pmr
{
using bitmap = ::til::details::bitmap<std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<unsigned long long>>;
}
}
#ifdef __WEX_COMMON_H__
namespace WEX::TestExecution
{
template<>
class VerifyOutputTraits<::til::bitmap>
template<typename T>
class VerifyOutputTraits<::til::details::bitmap<T>>
{
public:
static WEX::Common::NoThrowString ToString(const ::til::bitmap& rect)
static WEX::Common::NoThrowString ToString(const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& rect)
{
return WEX::Common::NoThrowString(rect.to_string().c_str());
}
};
template<>
class VerifyCompareTraits<::til::bitmap, ::til::bitmap>
template<typename T>
class VerifyCompareTraits<::til::details::bitmap<T>, ::til::details::bitmap<T>>
{
public:
static bool AreEqual(const ::til::bitmap& expected, const ::til::bitmap& actual) noexcept
static bool AreEqual(const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& expected, const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& actual) noexcept
{
return expected == actual;
}
static bool AreSame(const ::til::bitmap& expected, const ::til::bitmap& actual) noexcept
static bool AreSame(const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& expected, const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& actual) noexcept
{
return &expected == &actual;
}
static bool IsLessThan(const ::til::bitmap& expectedLess, const ::til::bitmap& expectedGreater) = delete;
static bool IsLessThan(const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& expectedLess, const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& expectedGreater) = delete;
static bool IsGreaterThan(const ::til::bitmap& expectedGreater, const ::til::bitmap& expectedLess) = delete;
static bool IsGreaterThan(const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& expectedGreater, const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& expectedLess) = delete;
static bool IsNull(const ::til::bitmap& object) noexcept
static bool IsNull(const ::til::details::bitmap<T>& object) noexcept
{
return object == til::bitmap{};
return object == til::details::bitmap<T>{};
}
};

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@ -13,14 +13,16 @@ class BitmapTests
{
TEST_CLASS(BitmapTests);
template<typename T>
void _checkBits(const til::rectangle& bitsOn,
const til::bitmap& map)
const til::details::bitmap<T>& map)
{
_checkBits(std::vector<til::rectangle>{ bitsOn }, map);
}
template<typename T>
void _checkBits(const std::vector<til::rectangle>& bitsOn,
const til::bitmap& map)
const til::details::bitmap<T>& map)
{
Log::Comment(L"Check all bits in map.");
// For every point in the map...
@ -838,7 +840,145 @@ class BitmapTests
// 0 1 1 0 _ F F _
Log::Comment(L"Set up a bitmap with some runs.");
til::bitmap map{ til::size{ 4, 4 } };
til::bitmap map{ til::size{ 4, 4 }, false };
// 0 0 0 0 |1 1|0 0
// 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
// 0 0 0 0 --> 0 0 0 0
// 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
map.set(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 0 }, til::size{ 2, 1 } });
// 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
// 0 0 0 0 0 0|1|0
// 0 0 0 0 --> 0 0|1|0
// 0 0 0 0 0 0|1|0
map.set(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 2, 1 }, til::size{ 1, 3 } });
// 1 1 0 0 1 1 0|1|
// 0 0 1 0 0 0 1|1|
// 0 0 1 0 --> 0 0 1 0
// 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
map.set(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 3, 0 }, til::size{ 1, 2 } });
// 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
// 0 0 1 1 |1|0 1 1
// 0 0 1 0 --> 0 0 1 0
// 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
map.set(til::point{ 0, 1 });
// 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
// 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
// 0 0 1 0 --> 0 0 1 0
// 0 0 1 0 0|1|1 0
map.set(til::point{ 1, 3 });
Log::Comment(L"Building the expected run rectangles.");
// Reminder, we're making 6 rectangle runs A-F like this:
// A A _ B
// C _ D D
// _ _ E _
// _ F F _
til::some<til::rectangle, 6> expected;
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 0 }, til::size{ 2, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 3, 0 }, til::size{ 1, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 1 }, til::size{ 1, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 2, 1 }, til::size{ 2, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 2, 2 }, til::size{ 1, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 1, 3 }, til::size{ 2, 1 } });
Log::Comment(L"Run the iterator and collect the runs.");
til::some<til::rectangle, 6> actual;
for (auto run : map.runs())
{
actual.push_back(run);
}
Log::Comment(L"Verify they match what we expected.");
VERIFY_ARE_EQUAL(expected, actual);
Log::Comment(L"Clear the map and iterate and make sure we get no results.");
map.reset_all();
expected.clear();
actual.clear();
for (auto run : map.runs())
{
actual.push_back(run);
}
Log::Comment(L"Verify they're empty.");
VERIFY_ARE_EQUAL(expected, actual);
Log::Comment(L"Set point and validate runs updated.");
const til::point setPoint{ 2, 2 };
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ setPoint });
map.set(setPoint);
for (auto run : map.runs())
{
actual.push_back(run);
}
VERIFY_ARE_EQUAL(expected, actual);
Log::Comment(L"Set rectangle and validate runs updated.");
const til::rectangle setRect{ setPoint, til::size{ 2, 2 } };
expected.clear();
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 2, 2 }, til::size{ 2, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 2, 3 }, til::size{ 2, 1 } });
map.set(setRect);
actual.clear();
for (auto run : map.runs())
{
actual.push_back(run);
}
VERIFY_ARE_EQUAL(expected, actual);
Log::Comment(L"Set all and validate runs updated.");
expected.clear();
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 0 }, til::size{ 4, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 1 }, til::size{ 4, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 2 }, til::size{ 4, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 3 }, til::size{ 4, 1 } });
map.set_all();
actual.clear();
for (auto run : map.runs())
{
actual.push_back(run);
}
VERIFY_ARE_EQUAL(expected, actual);
Log::Comment(L"Resize and validate runs updated.");
const til::size newSize{ 3, 3 };
expected.clear();
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 0 }, til::size{ 3, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 1 }, til::size{ 3, 1 } });
expected.push_back(til::rectangle{ til::point{ 0, 2 }, til::size{ 3, 1 } });
map.resize(newSize);
actual.clear();
for (auto run : map.runs())
{
actual.push_back(run);
}
VERIFY_ARE_EQUAL(expected, actual);
}
TEST_METHOD(RunsWithPmr)
{
// This is a copy of the above test, but with a pmr::bitmap.
std::pmr::unsynchronized_pool_resource pool;
// This map --> Those runs
// 1 1 0 1 A A _ B
// 1 0 1 1 C _ D D
// 0 0 1 0 _ _ E _
// 0 1 1 0 _ F F _
Log::Comment(L"Set up a PMR bitmap with some runs.");
til::pmr::bitmap map{ til::size{ 4, 4 }, false, &pool };
// 0 0 0 0 |1 1|0 0
// 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0