a bunch of refactoring to make things easier later

it's not any more stable but belts render on contraptions
rotating things almost do
actually fix a bunch of memory leaks

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/AllBlockPartials.java

@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.matrix.MatrixStack;
+import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.fluids.FluidTransportBehaviour.AttachmentTypes;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.processing.burner.BlazeBurnerBlock.HeatLevel;
+import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.relays.belt.BeltTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.*;
 
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.BeltBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.*;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.model.IBakedModel;
@@ -217,19 +218,20 @@ public class AllBlockPartials {
 		return CreateClient.bufferCache.renderDirectionalPartial(this, referenceState, facing, ms);
 	}
 
-	public RotatingBuffer renderOnRotating(BlockState referenceState) {
+	public <T extends KineticTileEntity> InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> renderOnRotating(InstanceContext<T> ctx, BlockState referenceState) {
-		return CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderPartialRotating(this, referenceState);
+		return ctx.getKinetics().renderPartialRotating(this, referenceState);
 	}
 
-	public BeltBuffer renderOnBelt(BlockState referenceState) {
+	public <T extends BeltTileEntity> InstanceBuffer<BeltData> renderOnBelt(InstanceContext<T> ctx, BlockState referenceState) {
-		return CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderPartialBelt(this, referenceState);
+		return ctx.getKinetics().renderPartialBelt(this, referenceState);
 	}
 
-	public RotatingBuffer renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(BlockState referenceState) {
+	public <T extends KineticTileEntity> InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(InstanceContext<T> ctx, BlockState referenceState) {
 		Direction facing = referenceState.get(FACING);
-		return renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(referenceState, facing);
+		return renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, referenceState, facing);
 	}
-	public RotatingBuffer renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(BlockState referenceState, Direction facing) {
+
+	public <T extends KineticTileEntity> InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(InstanceContext<T> ctx, BlockState referenceState, Direction facing) {
 		MatrixStack ms = new MatrixStack();
 		// TODO 1.15 find a way to cache this model matrix computation
 		MatrixStacker.of(ms)
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ public class AllBlockPartials {
 					 .rotateY(AngleHelper.horizontalAngle(facing))
 					 .rotateX(AngleHelper.verticalAngle(facing))
 					 .unCentre();
-		return CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderDirectionalPartialInstanced(this, referenceState, facing, ms);
+		return ctx.getKinetics().renderDirectionalPartialInstanced(this, referenceState, facing, ms);
 	}
 
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/CreateClient.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import com.simibubi.create.foundation.block.render.CustomBlockModels;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.block.render.SpriteShifter;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.item.CustomItemModels;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.item.CustomRenderedItems;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.FastContraptionRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.FastKineticRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBufferCache;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.outliner.Outliner;
@@ -73,8 +74,6 @@ public class CreateClient {
 		bufferCache.registerCompartment(ContraptionRenderer.CONTRAPTION, 20);
 
 		kineticRenderer = new FastKineticRenderer();
-		kineticRenderer.registerCompartment(KineticTileEntityRenderer.KINETIC_TILE);
-		kineticRenderer.registerCompartment(ContraptionRenderer.CONTRAPTION, 20);
 
 		AllKeys.register();
 		AllContainerTypes.registerScreenFactories();
@@ -180,4 +179,9 @@ public class CreateClient {
 		return casingConnectivity;
 	}
 
+	public static void invalidateRenderers() {
+		CreateClient.bufferCache.invalidate();
+		CreateClient.kineticRenderer.invalidate();
+		FastContraptionRenderer.invalidateAll();
+	}
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/base/KineticTileEntity.java

@@ -457,8 +457,14 @@ public abstract class KineticTileEntity extends SmartTileEntity
 	}
 
 	public static AxisAlignedBB NOWHERE_AABB = new AxisAlignedBB(Double.NaN, Double.NaN, Double.NaN, Double.NaN, Double.NaN, Double.NaN);
+
 	@Override
 	public AxisAlignedBB getRenderBoundingBox() {
 		return super.getRenderBoundingBox();
 	}
+
+	@Override
+	public double getMaxRenderDistanceSquared() {
+		return 16384.0D; // TODO: make this a config option
+	}
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/base/KineticTileEntityRenderer.java

@@ -2,21 +2,17 @@ package com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base;
 
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.matrix.MatrixStack;
 import com.simibubi.create.AllBlocks;
-import com.simibubi.create.CreateClient;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.KineticDebugger;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.relays.elementary.CogWheelBlock;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.tileEntity.renderer.SafeTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.AnimationTickHolder;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.ColorHelper;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.IInstancedTileEntityRenderer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.*;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment;
 
 import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderTypeLookup;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
 import net.minecraft.state.properties.BlockStateProperties;
 import net.minecraft.util.Direction;
@@ -48,32 +44,36 @@ public class KineticTileEntityRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<KineticTil
 //		for (RenderType type : RenderType.getBlockLayers())
 //			if (RenderTypeLookup.canRenderInLayer(te.getBlockState(), type))
 //				renderRotatingBuffer(te, getRotatedModel(te));
-		addInstanceData(te);
+
+		addInstanceData(new InstanceContext.World<>(te));
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void addInstanceData(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	public void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		renderRotatingBuffer(te, getRotatedModel(te));
+		renderRotatingBuffer(ctx, getRotatedModel(ctx));
 	}
 
-	public static void renderRotatingKineticBlock(KineticTileEntity te, BlockState renderedState) {
+	public static <T extends KineticTileEntity> void renderRotatingKineticBlock(InstanceContext<T> ctx, BlockState renderedState) {
-		RotatingBuffer instancedRenderer = CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderBlockInstanced(KINETIC_TILE, renderedState);
+		InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> instancedRenderer = ctx.getKinetics().renderBlockInstanced(KINETIC_TILE, renderedState);
-		renderRotatingBuffer(te, instancedRenderer);
+		renderRotatingBuffer(ctx, instancedRenderer);
 	}
 
-	public static void renderRotatingBuffer(KineticTileEntity te, RotatingBuffer instancer) {
+	public static <T extends KineticTileEntity> void renderRotatingBuffer(InstanceContext<T> ctx, InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> instancer) {
 		instancer.setupInstance(data -> {
+			T te = ctx.te;
 			final BlockPos pos = te.getPos();
 			Axis axis = ((IRotate) te.getBlockState()
 									 .getBlock()).getRotationAxis(te.getBlockState());
 
-			data
+			data.setRotationalSpeed(te.getSpeed())
-					.setBlockLight(te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.BLOCK, te.getPos()))
+				.setRotationOffset(getRotationOffsetForPosition(te, pos, axis))
-					.setSkyLight(te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.SKY, te.getPos()))
+				.setRotationAxis(Direction.getFacingFromAxis(AxisDirection.POSITIVE, axis).getUnitVector())
-					.setRotationalSpeed(te.getSpeed())
+				.setPosition(pos);
-					.setRotationOffset(getRotationOffsetForPosition(te, pos, axis))
+
-					.setRotationAxis(Direction.getFacingFromAxis(AxisDirection.POSITIVE, axis).getUnitVector())
+			if (ctx.checkWorldLight()) {
-					.setPosition(pos);
+				data.setBlockLight(te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.BLOCK, te.getPos()))
+					.setSkyLight(te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.SKY, te.getPos()));
+			}
 		});
 	}
 
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ public class KineticTileEntityRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<KineticTil
 		return te.getBlockState();
 	}
 
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderBlockInstanced(KINETIC_TILE, getRenderedBlockState(te));
+		return ctx.getKinetics().renderBlockInstanced(KINETIC_TILE, getRenderedBlockState(ctx.te));
 	}
 
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/actors/DrillRenderer.java

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.components.structureMovement.Mov
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.AngleHelper;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.AnimationTickHolder;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.MatrixStacker;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.VecHelper;
 
@@ -28,8 +29,8 @@ public class DrillRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return AllBlockPartials.DRILL_HEAD.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState());
+		return AllBlockPartials.DRILL_HEAD.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, ctx.te.getBlockState());
 	}
 
 	protected static SuperByteBuffer getRotatingModel(BlockState state) {

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/clock/CuckooClockRenderer.java

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.components.clock.CuckooClockTileEntity.Animation;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.AngleHelper;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
@@ -93,14 +93,9 @@ public class CuckooClockRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return transform(AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF, te);
+		BlockState blockState = ctx.te.getBlockState();
-	}
+		return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, blockState, blockState.get(CuckooClockBlock.HORIZONTAL_FACING).getOpposite());
-
-	private RotatingBuffer transform(AllBlockPartials partial, KineticTileEntity te) {
-		return partial.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState(), te.getBlockState()
-                                                                              .get(CuckooClockBlock.HORIZONTAL_FACING)
-                                                                              .getOpposite());
 	}
 
 	private SuperByteBuffer rotateHand(SuperByteBuffer buffer, float angle, Direction facing) {

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/deployer/DeployerRenderer.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.VecHelper;
 
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.IInstancedTileEntityRenderer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
@@ -51,12 +52,11 @@ public class DeployerRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<DeployerTileEntity>
 		FilteringRenderer.renderOnTileEntity(te, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
 		renderComponents(te, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
 
-		addInstanceData(te);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void addInstanceData(DeployerTileEntity te) {
+	public void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<DeployerTileEntity> ctx) {
-		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingKineticBlock(te, getRenderedBlockState(te));
+		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingKineticBlock(ctx, getRenderedBlockState(ctx.te));
 	}
 
 	protected void renderItem(DeployerTileEntity te, float partialTicks, MatrixStack ms, IRenderTypeBuffer buffer,
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public class DeployerRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<DeployerTileEntity>
 	protected void renderComponents(DeployerTileEntity te, float partialTicks, MatrixStack ms, IRenderTypeBuffer buffer,
 		int light, int overlay) {
 		IVertexBuilder vb = buffer.getBuffer(RenderType.getSolid());
-		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingKineticBlock(te, getRenderedBlockState(te));
+		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingKineticBlock(new InstanceContext.World<>(te), getRenderedBlockState(te));
 
 		BlockState blockState = te.getBlockState();
 		BlockPos pos = te.getPos();

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/fan/EncasedFanRenderer.java

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.IRotate;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.WorldRenderer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
@@ -26,24 +29,21 @@ public class EncasedFanRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	@Override
 	protected void renderSafe(KineticTileEntity te, float partialTicks, MatrixStack ms, IRenderTypeBuffer buffer,
 		int light, int overlay) {
-		addInstanceData(te);
+		super.renderSafe(te, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void addInstanceData(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	public void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
+		KineticTileEntity te = ctx.te;
 		Direction direction = te.getBlockState()
 								.get(FACING);
 
-		BlockPos inFront = te.getPos().offset(direction);
+		InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> shaftHalf =
-		int blockLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.BLOCK, inFront);
+				AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, te.getBlockState(), direction.getOpposite());
-		int skyLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.SKY, inFront);
+		InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> fanInner =
+				AllBlockPartials.ENCASED_FAN_INNER.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, te.getBlockState(), direction.getOpposite());
 
-		RotatingBuffer shaftHalf =
+		renderRotatingBuffer(ctx, shaftHalf);
-				AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState(), direction.getOpposite());
-		RotatingBuffer fanInner =
-				AllBlockPartials.ENCASED_FAN_INNER.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState(), direction.getOpposite());
-
-		renderRotatingBuffer(te, shaftHalf);
 		fanInner.setupInstance(data -> {
 			final BlockPos pos = te.getPos();
 			Direction.Axis axis = ((IRotate) te.getBlockState()
@@ -55,12 +55,19 @@ public class EncasedFanRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 			if (speed < 0)
 				speed = MathHelper.clamp(speed, -64 * 20, -80);
 
-			data.setBlockLight(blockLight)
+			data.setRotationalSpeed(speed)
-				.setSkyLight(skyLight)
-				.setRotationalSpeed(speed)
 				.setRotationOffset(getRotationOffsetForPosition(te, pos, axis))
 				.setRotationAxis(Direction.getFacingFromAxis(Direction.AxisDirection.POSITIVE, axis).getUnitVector())
 				.setPosition(pos);
+
+			if (ctx.checkWorldLight()) {
+				BlockPos inFront = te.getPos().offset(direction);
+				int blockLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.BLOCK, inFront);
+				int skyLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.SKY, inFront);
+
+				data.setBlockLight(blockLight)
+					.setSkyLight(skyLight);
+			}
 		});
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/flywheel/FlywheelRenderer.java

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.components.flywheel.FlywheelBlock.ConnectionState;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.AngleHelper;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
 import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ public class FlywheelRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState(), te.getBlockState()
+		return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, ctx.te.getBlockState(), ctx.te.getBlockState()
                                                                                                   .get(HORIZONTAL_FACING)
                                                                                                   .getOpposite());
 	}

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/millstone/MillstoneRenderer.java

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.components.millstone;
 
 import com.simibubi.create.AllBlockPartials;
-import com.simibubi.create.CreateClient;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
 
@@ -17,8 +16,8 @@ public class MillstoneRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderPartialRotating(AllBlockPartials.MILLSTONE_COG, te.getBlockState());
+		return AllBlockPartials.MILLSTONE_COG.renderOnRotating(ctx, ctx.te.getBlockState());
 	}
 	
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/motor/CreativeMotorRenderer.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
 
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ public class CreativeMotorRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState());
+		return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, ctx.te.getBlockState());
 	}
 
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/saw/SawRenderer.java

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ import com.simibubi.create.foundation.tileEntity.behaviour.filtering.FilteringRe
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.tileEntity.renderer.SafeTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.*;
 
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.IInstancedTileEntityRenderer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.*;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
@@ -43,12 +42,11 @@ public class SawRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<SawTileEntity> implement
 		renderItems(te, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
 		FilteringRenderer.renderOnTileEntity(te, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
 
-		addInstanceData(te);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void addInstanceData(SawTileEntity te) {
+	public void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<SawTileEntity> ctx) {
-		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingBuffer(te, getRotatedModel(te));
+		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingBuffer(ctx, getRotatedModel(ctx));
 	}
 
 	protected void renderBlade(SawTileEntity te, MatrixStack ms, IRenderTypeBuffer buffer, int light){
@@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ public class SawRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<SawTileEntity> implement
 	}
 
 	protected void renderShaft(SawTileEntity te, MatrixStack ms, IRenderTypeBuffer buffer, int light, int overlay) {
-		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingBuffer(te, getRotatedModel(te));
+		//KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingBuffer(te, getRotatedModel(te));
 	}
 
 	protected void renderItems(SawTileEntity te, float partialTicks, MatrixStack ms, IRenderTypeBuffer buffer, int light,
@@ -130,11 +128,12 @@ public class SawRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<SawTileEntity> implement
 		}
 	}
 
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<SawTileEntity> ctx) {
+		KineticTileEntity te = ctx.te;
 		BlockState state = te.getBlockState();
 		if (state.get(FACING).getAxis().isHorizontal())
-			return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(state.rotate(te.getWorld(), te.getPos(), Rotation.CLOCKWISE_180));
+			return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, state.rotate(te.getWorld(), te.getPos(), Rotation.CLOCKWISE_180));
-		return CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderBlockInstanced(KineticTileEntityRenderer.KINETIC_TILE,
+		return ctx.getKinetics().renderBlockInstanced(KineticTileEntityRenderer.KINETIC_TILE,
 				getRenderedBlockState(te));
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/components/structureMovement/bearing/BearingRenderer.java

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ import com.simibubi.create.AllBlockPartials;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.AngleHelper;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
+import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
@@ -46,10 +47,9 @@ public class BearingRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState(), te.getBlockState()
+		BlockState blockState = ctx.te.getBlockState();
-                                                                                                  .get(BearingBlock.FACING)
+		return AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, blockState, blockState.get(BearingBlock.FACING).getOpposite());
-                                                                                                  .getOpposite());
 	}
 
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/fluids/PumpRenderer.java

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.AngleHelper;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.MatrixStacker;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
 
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
 import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ public class PumpRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return AllBlockPartials.MECHANICAL_PUMP_COG.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState());
+		return AllBlockPartials.MECHANICAL_PUMP_COG.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, ctx.te.getBlockState());
 	}
 
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/relays/advanced/SpeedControllerRenderer.java

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ import com.simibubi.create.CreateClient;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.tileEntity.renderer.SmartTileEntityRenderer;
 
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.IInstancedTileEntityRenderer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.*;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
 
@@ -21,15 +20,14 @@ public class SpeedControllerRenderer extends SmartTileEntityRenderer<SpeedContro
 			IRenderTypeBuffer buffer, int light, int overlay) {
 		super.renderSafe(tileEntityIn, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
 
-		addInstanceData(tileEntityIn);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void addInstanceData(SpeedControllerTileEntity te) {
+	public void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<SpeedControllerTileEntity> ctx) {
-		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingBuffer(te, getRotatedModel(te));
+		KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingBuffer(ctx, getRotatedModel(ctx.te));
 	}
 
-	private RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(SpeedControllerTileEntity te) {
+	private InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(SpeedControllerTileEntity te) {
 		return CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderBlockInstanced(KineticTileEntityRenderer.KINETIC_TILE,
 				KineticTileEntityRenderer.shaft(KineticTileEntityRenderer.getRotationAxisOf(te)));
 	}

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/relays/belt/BeltRenderer.java

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.relays.belt;
 
 import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.matrix.MatrixStack;
 import com.simibubi.create.AllBlockPartials;
@@ -13,9 +15,9 @@ import com.simibubi.create.foundation.block.render.SpriteShiftEntry;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.tileEntity.renderer.SafeTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.Iterate;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.MatrixStacker;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.BeltBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.FastContraptionRenderer;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.IInstancedTileEntityRenderer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.FastKineticRenderer;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.*;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.ShadowRenderHelper;
 
 import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
@@ -51,13 +53,13 @@ public class BeltRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<BeltTileEntity> impleme
 		if (!AllBlocks.BELT.has(blockState))
 			return;
 
-		addInstanceData(te);
+		addInstanceData(new InstanceContext.World<>(te));
-
 		renderItems(te, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void addInstanceData(BeltTileEntity te) {
+	public void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<BeltTileEntity> ctx) {
+		BeltTileEntity te = ctx.te;
 		BlockState blockState = te.getBlockState();
 		if (!AllBlocks.BELT.has(blockState))
 			return;
@@ -83,6 +85,8 @@ public class BeltRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<BeltTileEntity> impleme
 			end = b;
 		}
 
+		FastKineticRenderer fastKineticRenderer = ctx.getKinetics();
+
 		for (boolean bottom : Iterate.trueAndFalse) {
 
 			AllBlockPartials beltPartial = diagonal
@@ -94,7 +98,7 @@ public class BeltRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<BeltTileEntity> impleme
 					: start ? AllBlockPartials.BELT_START
 					: end ? AllBlockPartials.BELT_END : AllBlockPartials.BELT_MIDDLE;
 
-			BeltBuffer beltBuffer = beltPartial.renderOnBelt(blockState);
+			InstanceBuffer<BeltData> beltBuffer = beltPartial.renderOnBelt(ctx, blockState);
 			SpriteShiftEntry spriteShift =
 					diagonal ? AllSpriteShifts.BELT_DIAGONAL : bottom ? AllSpriteShifts.BELT_OFFSET : AllSpriteShifts.BELT;
 
@@ -139,9 +143,9 @@ public class BeltRenderer extends SafeTileEntityRenderer<BeltTileEntity> impleme
 			msr.rotateX(90);
 			msr.unCentre();
 
-			RotatingBuffer rotatingBuffer = CreateClient.kineticRenderer
+			InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> rotatingBuffer = fastKineticRenderer
 					.renderDirectionalPartialInstanced(AllBlockPartials.BELT_PULLEY, blockState, dir, modelTransform);
-			KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingBuffer(te, rotatingBuffer);
+			KineticTileEntityRenderer.renderRotatingBuffer(ctx, rotatingBuffer);
 		}
 
 	}

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/relays/encased/SplitShaftRenderer.java

@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.Iterate;
 
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
 import net.minecraft.block.Block;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
@@ -25,18 +28,26 @@ public class SplitShaftRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	@Override
 	protected void renderSafe(KineticTileEntity te, float partialTicks, MatrixStack ms, IRenderTypeBuffer buffer,
 			int light, int overlay) {
-
+		super.renderSafe(te, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
-		addInstanceData(te);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void addInstanceData(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	public void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
+		KineticTileEntity te = ctx.te;
 		Block block = te.getBlockState().getBlock();
 		final Axis boxAxis = ((IRotate) block).getRotationAxis(te.getBlockState());
 		final BlockPos pos = te.getPos();
 
-		int blockLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.BLOCK, te.getPos());
+		int blockLight;
-		int skyLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.SKY, te.getPos());
+		int skyLight;
+
+		if (ctx.checkWorldLight()) {
+			blockLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.BLOCK, te.getPos());
+			skyLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.SKY, te.getPos());
+		} else {
+			blockLight = 0;
+			skyLight = 0;
+		}
 
 		for (Direction direction : Iterate.directions) {
 			Axis axis = direction.getAxis();
@@ -44,7 +55,7 @@ public class SplitShaftRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 				continue;
 
 
-			RotatingBuffer shaft = AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState(), direction);
+			InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> shaft = AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, te.getBlockState(), direction);
 
 			shaft.setupInstance(data -> {
 				float speed = te.getSpeed();

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/contraptions/relays/gearbox/GearboxRenderer.java

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntity;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.Iterate;
 
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
 import net.minecraft.state.properties.BlockStateProperties;
@@ -24,18 +27,32 @@ public class GearboxRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	@Override
 	protected void renderSafe(KineticTileEntity te, float partialTicks, MatrixStack ms, IRenderTypeBuffer buffer,
 			int light, int overlay) {
+		super.renderSafe(te, partialTicks, ms, buffer, light, overlay);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
+		KineticTileEntity te = ctx.te;
 		final Axis boxAxis = te.getBlockState().get(BlockStateProperties.AXIS);
 		final BlockPos pos = te.getPos();
 
-		int blockLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.BLOCK, te.getPos());
+		int blockLight;
-		int skyLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.SKY, te.getPos());
+		int skyLight;
+
+		if (ctx.checkWorldLight()) {
+			blockLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.BLOCK, te.getPos());
+			skyLight = te.getWorld().getLightLevel(LightType.SKY, te.getPos());
+		} else {
+			blockLight = 0;
+			skyLight = 0;
+		}
 
 		for (Direction direction : Iterate.directions) {
 			final Axis axis = direction.getAxis();
 			if (boxAxis == axis)
 				continue;
 
-			RotatingBuffer shaft = AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(te.getBlockState(), direction);
+			InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> shaft = AllBlockPartials.SHAFT_HALF.renderOnDirectionalSouthRotating(ctx, te.getBlockState(), direction);
 
 			shaft.setupInstance(data -> {
 				float speed = te.getSpeed();
@@ -58,5 +75,4 @@ public class GearboxRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 			});
 		}
 	}
-
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/content/logistics/block/mechanicalArm/ArmRenderer.java

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.logistics.block.mechanicalArm.ArmTileEntity.Phase;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.*;
 
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBuffer;
-import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceBuffer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.InstanceContext;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.RotatingData;
 import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ public class ArmRenderer extends KineticTileEntityRenderer {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected RotatingBuffer getRotatedModel(KineticTileEntity te) {
+	protected InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotatedModel(InstanceContext<? extends KineticTileEntity> ctx) {
-		return AllBlockPartials.ARM_COG.renderOnRotating(te.getBlockState());
+		return AllBlockPartials.ARM_COG.renderOnRotating(ctx, ctx.te.getBlockState());
 	}
 
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/events/ClientEvents.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.RenderWork;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.ActiveRenderInfo;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Matrix4f;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.OverlayTexture;
 import net.minecraft.fluid.Fluid;
 import net.minecraft.fluid.IFluidState;
@@ -112,21 +113,25 @@ public class ClientEvents {
 
 	@SubscribeEvent
 	public static void onLoadWorld(WorldEvent.Load event) {
-		CreateClient.bufferCache.invalidate();
+		CreateClient.invalidateRenderers();
-		CreateClient.kineticRenderer.invalidate();
-		FastContraptionRenderer.invalidateAll();
 	}
 
 	@SubscribeEvent
 	public static void onRenderWorld(RenderWorldLastEvent event) {
-		CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderInstances(event);
+		Matrix4f projection = event.getProjectionMatrix();
-		FastContraptionRenderer.renderAll(event);
+		// view matrix
+		Vec3d cameraPos = Minecraft.getInstance().gameRenderer.getActiveRenderInfo().getProjectedView();
+
+		Matrix4f view = Matrix4f.translate((float) -cameraPos.x, (float) -cameraPos.y, (float) -cameraPos.z);
+		view.multiplyBackward(event.getMatrixStack().peek().getModel());
+
+		CreateClient.kineticRenderer.renderInstancesAsWorld(projection, view);
+		FastContraptionRenderer.renderAll(projection, view);
 
 		MatrixStack ms = event.getMatrixStack();
 		ActiveRenderInfo info = Minecraft.getInstance().gameRenderer.getActiveRenderInfo();
-		Vec3d view = info.getProjectedView();
 		ms.push();
-		ms.translate(-view.getX(), -view.getY(), -view.getZ());
+		ms.translate(-cameraPos.getX(), -cameraPos.getY(), -cameraPos.getZ());
 		SuperRenderTypeBuffer buffer = SuperRenderTypeBuffer.getInstance();
 
 		CouplingRenderer.renderAll(ms, buffer);

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/ResourceReloadHandler.java

@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ public class ResourceReloadHandler extends ReloadListener<Object> {
 	@Override
 	protected void apply(Object $, IResourceManager resourceManagerIn, IProfiler profilerIn) {
 		SpriteShifter.reloadUVs();
-		CreateClient.bufferCache.invalidate();
+		CreateClient.invalidateRenderers();
-		CreateClient.kineticRenderer.invalidate();
-		FastContraptionRenderer.invalidateAll();
 	}
 
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/command/ClearBufferCacheCommand.java

@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ public class ClearBufferCacheCommand {
 
 	@OnlyIn(Dist.CLIENT)
 	private static void execute() {
-		CreateClient.bufferCache.invalidate();
+		CreateClient.invalidateRenderers();
-		CreateClient.kineticRenderer.invalidate();
-		FastContraptionRenderer.invalidateAll();
 	}
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/ContraptionBuffer.java

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render;
 
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.platform.GlStateManager;
-import com.simibubi.create.CreateClient;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.VertexFormat;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.BufferBuilder;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.GLAllocation;
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.WorldRenderer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.*;
 import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ public class ContraptionBuffer extends TemplateBuffer {
 
         GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
 
-        GL40.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_QUADS, count, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
+        GL40.glDrawElements(GL11.GL_QUADS, vertexCount, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
 
         for (int i = 0; i <= FORMAT.getNumAttributes(); i++) {
             GL40.glDisableVertexAttribArray(i);
@@ -55,55 +53,50 @@ public class ContraptionBuffer extends TemplateBuffer {
 
     private void setup() {
         int stride = FORMAT.getStride();
-        int invariantSize = count * stride;
+        int invariantSize = vertexCount * stride;
 
-        ByteBuffer constant = GLAllocation.createDirectByteBuffer(invariantSize);
+        GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
-        constant.order(template.order());
+        GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
-        ((Buffer) constant).limit(invariantSize);
+        // Deselect (bind to 0) the VAO
+        GL30.glBindVertexArray(0);
 
-        int indicesSize = count * VertexFormatElement.Type.USHORT.getSize();
+        try (SafeDirectBuffer constant = new SafeDirectBuffer(invariantSize)) {
-        ByteBuffer indices = GLAllocation.createDirectByteBuffer(indicesSize);
+            constant.order(template.order());
-        indices.order(template.order());
+            constant.limit(invariantSize);
-        ((Buffer) indices).limit(indicesSize);
 
-        int vertexCount = vertexCount(template);
+            for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
+                constant.putFloat(getX(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getX(template, i));
+                constant.putFloat(getY(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getY(template, i));
+                constant.putFloat(getZ(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getZ(template, i));
 
-            constant.putFloat(getNX(template, i));
+                constant.put(getNX(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getNY(template, i));
+                constant.put(getNY(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getNZ(template, i));
+                constant.put(getNZ(template, i));
 
-            constant.putFloat(getU(template, i));
+                constant.putFloat(getU(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getV(template, i));
+                constant.putFloat(getV(template, i));
 
-            constant.putFloat(getR(template, i) / 255f);
+                constant.put(getR(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getG(template, i) / 255f);
+                constant.put(getG(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getB(template, i) / 255f);
+                constant.put(getB(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getA(template, i) / 255f);
+                constant.put(getA(template, i));
+            }
+            constant.rewind();
+
+            vao = GL30.glGenVertexArrays();
+            GL30.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+
+            ebo = GlStateManager.genBuffers();
+            vbo = GlStateManager.genBuffers();
+
+            GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+            GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, constant.getBacking(), GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+            buildEBO(ebo);
+
+            FORMAT.informAttributes(0);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
 
-            indices.putShort((short) i);
         }
-        constant.rewind();
-        indices.rewind();
-
-        vao = GL30.glGenVertexArrays();
-        GL30.glBindVertexArray(vao);
-
-        ebo = GlStateManager.genBuffers();
-        vbo = GlStateManager.genBuffers();
-
-        GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
-        GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, constant, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-        MemoryUtil.memFree(constant);
-
-        GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
-        GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-        MemoryUtil.memFree(indices);
-
-        FORMAT.informAttributes(0);
 
         GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
         GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/ContraptionLighter.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render;
 
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.components.structureMovement.Contraption;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.GLAllocation;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.RenderType;
 import net.minecraft.util.math.AxisAlignedBB;
 import net.minecraft.util.math.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.util.math.Vec3d;
@@ -132,22 +133,19 @@ public class ContraptionLighter {
     public void use() {
         if (texture == 0 || lightVolume == null) return;
 
-        GL13.glEnable(GL31.GL_TEXTURE_3D);
-        GL13.glActiveTexture(GL40.GL_TEXTURE0 + 4);
         GL12.glBindTexture(GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D, texture);
+        GL11.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL13.GL_LINEAR);
+        GL11.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL13.GL_LINEAR);
+        GL11.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL13.GL_CLAMP);
+        GL11.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL13.GL_CLAMP);
+        GL11.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL13.GL_CLAMP);
         if (dirty) {
             GL12.glTexImage3D(GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D, 0, GL40.GL_RG8, sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ, 0, GL40.GL_RG, GL40.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, lightVolume);
             dirty = false;
         }
-        GL40.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL13.GL_LINEAR);
-        GL40.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL13.GL_LINEAR);
-        GL40.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL13.GL_CLAMP);
-        GL40.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL13.GL_CLAMP);
-        GL40.glTexParameteri(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL13.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL13.GL_CLAMP);
     }
 
     public void release() {
-        GL13.glActiveTexture(GL40.GL_TEXTURE0 + 4);
         GL12.glBindTexture(GL12.GL_TEXTURE_3D, 0);
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/FastContraptionRenderer.java

@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render;
 
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.platform.GlStateManager;
-import com.simibubi.create.CreateClient;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.components.structureMovement.Contraption;
 import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.components.structureMovement.ContraptionRenderer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.IInstanceRendered;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.IInstancedTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.shader.Shader;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.shader.ShaderCallback;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.shader.ShaderHelper;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.*;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRenderer;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
+import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
 import net.minecraft.util.math.Vec3d;
 import net.minecraft.world.World;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.event.RenderWorldLastEvent;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL40;
 
 import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -25,6 +32,8 @@ public class FastContraptionRenderer extends ContraptionRenderer {
 
     private ContraptionLighter lighter;
 
+    public final FastKineticRenderer kinetics;
+
     private Contraption c;
 
     private Vec3d renderPos;
@@ -33,18 +42,49 @@ public class FastContraptionRenderer extends ContraptionRenderer {
     public FastContraptionRenderer(World world, Contraption c) {
         this.c = c;
         this.lighter = new ContraptionLighter(c);
+        this.kinetics = new FastKineticRenderer();
 
-        buildLayers();
+        buildLayers(c);
+        buildInstancedTiles(c);
+    }
+
+    private void buildLayers(Contraption c) {
+        for (ContraptionBuffer buffer : renderLayers) {
+            buffer.delete();
+        }
+
+        renderLayers.clear();
+
+        List<RenderType> blockLayers = RenderType.getBlockLayers();
+
+        for (RenderType layer : blockLayers) {
+            renderLayers.add(buildStructureBuffer(c, layer));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void buildInstancedTiles(Contraption c) {
+        List<TileEntity> tileEntities = c.renderedTileEntities;
+        if (!tileEntities.isEmpty()) {
+            for (TileEntity te : tileEntities) {
+                if (te instanceof IInstanceRendered) {
+                    TileEntityRenderer<TileEntity> renderer = TileEntityRendererDispatcher.instance.getRenderer(te);
+
+                    if (renderer instanceof IInstancedTileEntityRenderer) {
+                        kinetics.addInstancedData(this, te, (IInstancedTileEntityRenderer<? super TileEntity>) renderer);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        kinetics.markAllDirty();
     }
 
     public static void tick() {
         if (Minecraft.getInstance().isGamePaused()) return;
 
-        RenderWork.enqueue(() -> {
+        for (FastContraptionRenderer renderer : renderers.values()) {
-            for (FastContraptionRenderer renderer : renderers.values()) {
+            renderer.lighter.update(renderer.c);
-                renderer.lighter.update(renderer.c);
+        }
-            }
-        });
     }
 
     private void setRenderSettings(Vec3d position, Vec3d rotation) {
@@ -52,9 +92,16 @@ public class FastContraptionRenderer extends ContraptionRenderer {
         renderRot = rotation;
     }
 
-    private void render(int shader) {
+    private void setup(int shader) {
+        setupShaderUniforms(shader);
         lighter.use();
+    }
 
+    private void teardown() {
+        lighter.release();
+    }
+
+    private void setupShaderUniforms(int shader) {
         FloatBuffer buf = ShaderHelper.VEC3_BUFFER;
 
         int lightBoxSize = GlStateManager.getUniformLocation(shader, "lightBoxSize");
@@ -84,26 +131,6 @@ public class FastContraptionRenderer extends ContraptionRenderer {
         buf.put(2, (float) renderRot.z);
         buf.rewind();
         GlStateManager.uniform3(cRot, buf);
-
-        for (ContraptionBuffer layer : renderLayers) {
-            layer.render();
-        }
-
-        lighter.release();
-    }
-
-    private void buildLayers() {
-        for (ContraptionBuffer buffer : renderLayers) {
-            buffer.delete();
-        }
-
-        renderLayers.clear();
-
-        List<RenderType> blockLayers = RenderType.getBlockLayers();
-
-        for (RenderType layer : blockLayers) {
-            renderLayers.add(buildStructureBuffer(c, layer));
-        }
     }
 
     private void invalidate() {
@@ -113,6 +140,8 @@ public class FastContraptionRenderer extends ContraptionRenderer {
 
         lighter.delete();
 
+        kinetics.invalidate();
+
         renderLayers.clear();
     }
 
@@ -133,26 +162,56 @@ public class FastContraptionRenderer extends ContraptionRenderer {
         return renderer;
     }
 
-    public static void renderAll(RenderWorldLastEvent event) {
+    public static void renderAll(Matrix4f projectionMat, Matrix4f viewMat) {
+        removeDeadContraptions();
+
+        if (renderers.isEmpty()) return;
+
         GameRenderer gameRenderer = Minecraft.getInstance().gameRenderer;
-        CreateClient.kineticRenderer.setup(gameRenderer);
+        FastKineticRenderer.setup(gameRenderer);
-        GlStateManager.enableCull();
+        GL11.glEnable(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D);
+        GL13.glActiveTexture(GL40.GL_TEXTURE4);
 
-        ShaderHelper.useShader(Shader.CONTRAPTION_STRUCTURE, ShaderHelper.getViewProjectionCallback(event));
+        ShaderCallback callback = ShaderHelper.getViewProjectionCallback(projectionMat, viewMat);
-        int shader = ShaderHelper.getShaderHandle(Shader.CONTRAPTION_STRUCTURE);
-
-        ArrayList<Integer> toRemove = new ArrayList<>();
 
+        int structureShader = ShaderHelper.useShader(Shader.CONTRAPTION_STRUCTURE, callback);
         for (FastContraptionRenderer renderer : renderers.values()) {
-            if (renderer.c.entity.isAlive())
+            renderer.setup(structureShader);
-                renderer.render(shader);
+            for (ContraptionBuffer layer : renderer.renderLayers) {
-            else
+                layer.render();
-                toRemove.add(renderer.c.entity.getEntityId());
+            }
+            renderer.teardown();
+        }
+
+        int rotatingShader = ShaderHelper.useShader(Shader.CONTRAPTION_ROTATING, callback);
+        for (FastContraptionRenderer renderer : renderers.values()) {
+            renderer.setup(rotatingShader);
+            renderer.kinetics.renderRotating();
+            renderer.teardown();
+        }
+
+        int beltShader = ShaderHelper.useShader(Shader.CONTRAPTION_BELT, callback);
+        for (FastContraptionRenderer renderer : renderers.values()) {
+            renderer.setup(beltShader);
+            renderer.kinetics.renderBelts();
+            renderer.teardown();
         }
 
         ShaderHelper.releaseShader();
 
-        CreateClient.kineticRenderer.teardown();
+        GL11.glDisable(GL13.GL_TEXTURE_3D);
+        FastKineticRenderer.teardown();
+    }
+
+    public static void removeDeadContraptions() {
+        ArrayList<Integer> toRemove = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (FastContraptionRenderer renderer : renderers.values()) {
+            if (!renderer.c.entity.isAlive()) {
+                toRemove.add(renderer.c.entity.getEntityId());
+                renderer.invalidate();
+            }
+        }
 
         for (Integer id : toRemove) {
             renderers.remove(id);

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/FastKineticRenderer.java

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render;
 import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
 import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.matrix.MatrixStack;
-import com.mojang.blaze3d.platform.GlStateManager;
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.systems.RenderSystem;
 import com.simibubi.create.AllBlockPartials;
+import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.base.KineticTileEntityRenderer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.*;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.shader.Shader;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.shader.ShaderCallback;
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import net.minecraft.inventory.container.PlayerContainer;
 import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
 import net.minecraft.util.Direction;
 import net.minecraft.world.World;
-import net.minecraftforge.client.event.RenderWorldLastEvent;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL13;
@@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import static com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SuperByteBufferCache.PARTIAL;
 
 public class FastKineticRenderer {
-    Map<SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<?>, Cache<Object, RotatingBuffer>> rotating;
+    Map<SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<?>, Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<RotatingData>>> rotating;
-    Map<SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<?>, Cache<Object, BeltBuffer>> belts;
+    Map<SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<?>, Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<BeltData>>> belts;
 
     boolean rebuild;
 
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@ public class FastKineticRenderer {
         registerCompartment(SuperByteBufferCache.GENERIC_TILE);
         registerCompartment(SuperByteBufferCache.PARTIAL);
         registerCompartment(SuperByteBufferCache.DIRECTIONAL_PARTIAL);
+        registerCompartment(KineticTileEntityRenderer.KINETIC_TILE);
     }
 
     public void buildTileEntityBuffers(World world) {
@@ -65,66 +65,102 @@ public class FastKineticRenderer {
         }
     }
 
-    private <T extends TileEntity> void addInstancedData(T te, IInstancedTileEntityRenderer<T> renderer) {
+    <T extends TileEntity> void addInstancedData(T te, IInstancedTileEntityRenderer<T> renderer) {
-        renderer.addInstanceData(te);
+        renderer.addInstanceData(new InstanceContext.World<>(te));
+    }
+
+    <T extends TileEntity> void addInstancedData(FastContraptionRenderer c, T te, IInstancedTileEntityRenderer<T> renderer) {
+        renderer.addInstanceData(new InstanceContext.Contraption<>(te, c));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function should be called after building instances.
+     * It must be called either on the render thread before committing to rendering, or in a place where there are
+     * guaranteed to be no race conditions with the render thread, i.e. when constructing a FastContraptionRenderer.
+     */
+    public void markAllDirty() {
+        for (Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<RotatingData>> cache : rotating.values()) {
+            for (InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> renderer : cache.asMap().values()) {
+                renderer.markDirty();
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<BeltData>> cache : belts.values()) {
+            for (InstanceBuffer<BeltData> renderer : cache.asMap().values()) {
+                renderer.markDirty();
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     public void tick() {
         // TODO: (later) detect changes in lighting with a mixin (or forge hook) to ClientChunkProvider.markLightChanged()
-        for (Cache<Object, RotatingBuffer> cache : rotating.values()) {
+        for (Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<RotatingData>> cache : rotating.values()) {
-            for (RotatingBuffer renderer : cache.asMap().values()) {
+            for (InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> renderer : cache.asMap().values()) {
                 renderer.clearInstanceData();
             }
         }
 
-        for (Cache<Object, BeltBuffer> cache : belts.values()) {
+        for (Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<BeltData>> cache : belts.values()) {
-            for (BeltBuffer renderer : cache.asMap().values()) {
+            for (InstanceBuffer<BeltData> renderer : cache.asMap().values()) {
                 renderer.clearInstanceData();
             }
         }
 
-//        rebuild = true;
+        //buildTileEntityBuffers(Minecraft.getInstance().world);
+
+        rebuild = true;
     }
 
-    public void renderInstances(RenderWorldLastEvent event) {
+    void renderBelts() {
+        for (Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<BeltData>> cache : belts.values()) {
+            for (InstanceBuffer<BeltData> type : cache.asMap().values()) {
+                if (!type.isEmpty()) {
+                    type.render();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void renderRotating() {
+        for (Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<RotatingData>> cache : rotating.values()) {
+            for (InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> rotatingDataInstanceBuffer : cache.asMap().values()) {
+                if (!rotatingDataInstanceBuffer.isEmpty()) {
+                    rotatingDataInstanceBuffer.render();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void renderInstancesAsWorld(Matrix4f projection, Matrix4f view) {
         GameRenderer gameRenderer = Minecraft.getInstance().gameRenderer;
-//
+
-//        if (rebuild) {
+        if (rebuild) {
-//            buildTileEntityBuffers(Minecraft.getInstance().world);
+            markAllDirty();
-//            rebuild = false;
+            rebuild = false;
-//        }
+        }
 
         setup(gameRenderer);
 
-        ShaderCallback callback = ShaderHelper.getViewProjectionCallback(event);
+        ShaderCallback callback = ShaderHelper.getViewProjectionCallback(projection, view);
 
-        ShaderHelper.useShader(Shader.ROTATING_INSTANCED, callback);
+        ShaderHelper.useShader(Shader.ROTATING, callback);
+        renderRotating();
 
-        rotating.values()
+        ShaderHelper.useShader(Shader.BELT, callback);
-                .stream()
+        renderBelts();
-                .flatMap(cache -> cache.asMap().values().stream())
-                .filter(type -> !type.isEmpty())
-                .forEach(InstanceBuffer::render);
-
-        ShaderHelper.useShader(Shader.BELT_INSTANCED, callback);
-
-        belts.values()
-             .stream()
-             .flatMap(cache -> cache.asMap().values().stream())
-             .filter(type -> !type.isEmpty())
-             .forEach(InstanceBuffer::render);
 
         ShaderHelper.releaseShader();
 
         teardown();
     }
 
-    public void setup(GameRenderer gameRenderer) {
+    public static void setup(GameRenderer gameRenderer) {
         RenderSystem.enableBlend();
-        RenderSystem.blendFuncSeparate(GlStateManager.SourceFactor.SRC_ALPHA, GlStateManager.DestFactor.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, GlStateManager.SourceFactor.ONE, GlStateManager.DestFactor.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+        RenderSystem.defaultBlendFunc();
 
         RenderSystem.enableLighting();
         RenderSystem.enableDepthTest();
+        RenderSystem.enableCull();
         GL11.glCullFace(GL11.GL_BACK);
 
         LightTexture lightManager = gameRenderer.getLightmapTextureManager();
@@ -149,9 +185,9 @@ public class FastKineticRenderer {
         RenderSystem.enableTexture();
     }
 
-    public void teardown() {
+    public static void teardown() {
 
-        GL13.glActiveTexture(GL40.GL_TEXTURE0 + 1);
+        GL13.glActiveTexture(GL40.GL_TEXTURE1);
         GL11.glBindTexture(GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
 
         GL13.glActiveTexture(GL40.GL_TEXTURE0);
@@ -175,26 +211,26 @@ public class FastKineticRenderer {
         belts.put(instance, CacheBuilder.newBuilder().expireAfterAccess(ticksUntilExpired * 50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).build());
     }
 
-    public RotatingBuffer renderPartialRotating(AllBlockPartials partial, BlockState referenceState) {
+    public InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> renderPartialRotating(AllBlockPartials partial, BlockState referenceState) {
         return getRotating(PARTIAL, partial, () -> rotatingInstancedRenderer(partial.get(), referenceState));
     }
 
-    public BeltBuffer renderPartialBelt(AllBlockPartials partial, BlockState referenceState) {
+    public InstanceBuffer<BeltData> renderPartialBelt(AllBlockPartials partial, BlockState referenceState) {
         return getBelt(PARTIAL, partial, () -> beltInstancedRenderer(partial.get(), referenceState));
     }
 
-    public RotatingBuffer renderDirectionalPartialInstanced(AllBlockPartials partial, BlockState referenceState, Direction dir,
+    public InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> renderDirectionalPartialInstanced(AllBlockPartials partial, BlockState referenceState, Direction dir,
                                                              MatrixStack modelTransform) {
         return getRotating(SuperByteBufferCache.DIRECTIONAL_PARTIAL, Pair.of(dir, partial),
                            () -> rotatingInstancedRenderer(partial.get(), referenceState, modelTransform));
     }
 
-    public RotatingBuffer renderBlockInstanced(SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<BlockState> compartment, BlockState toRender) {
+    public InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> renderBlockInstanced(SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<BlockState> compartment, BlockState toRender) {
         return getRotating(compartment, toRender, () -> rotatingInstancedRenderer(toRender));
     }
 
-    public <T> RotatingBuffer getRotating(SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<T> compartment, T key, Supplier<RotatingBuffer> supplier) {
+    public <T> InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> getRotating(SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<T> compartment, T key, Supplier<InstanceBuffer<RotatingData>> supplier) {
-        Cache<Object, RotatingBuffer> compartmentCache = this.rotating.get(compartment);
+        Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<RotatingData>> compartmentCache = this.rotating.get(compartment);
         try {
             return compartmentCache.get(key, supplier::get);
         } catch (ExecutionException e) {
@@ -203,8 +239,8 @@ public class FastKineticRenderer {
         }
     }
 
-    public <T> BeltBuffer getBelt(SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<T> compartment, T key, Supplier<BeltBuffer> supplier) {
+    public <T> InstanceBuffer<BeltData> getBelt(SuperByteBufferCache.Compartment<T> compartment, T key, Supplier<InstanceBuffer<BeltData>> supplier) {
-        Cache<Object, BeltBuffer> compartmentCache = this.belts.get(compartment);
+        Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<BeltData>> compartmentCache = this.belts.get(compartment);
         try {
             return compartmentCache.get(key, supplier::get);
         } catch (ExecutionException e) {
@@ -214,40 +250,40 @@ public class FastKineticRenderer {
     }
 
 
-    private RotatingBuffer rotatingInstancedRenderer(BlockState renderedState) {
+    private InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> rotatingInstancedRenderer(BlockState renderedState) {
         BlockRendererDispatcher dispatcher = Minecraft.getInstance().getBlockRendererDispatcher();
         return rotatingInstancedRenderer(dispatcher.getModelForState(renderedState), renderedState);
     }
 
-    private RotatingBuffer rotatingInstancedRenderer(IBakedModel model, BlockState renderedState) {
+    private InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> rotatingInstancedRenderer(IBakedModel model, BlockState renderedState) {
         return rotatingInstancedRenderer(model, renderedState, new MatrixStack());
     }
 
-    private BeltBuffer beltInstancedRenderer(IBakedModel model, BlockState renderedState) {
+    private InstanceBuffer<BeltData> beltInstancedRenderer(IBakedModel model, BlockState renderedState) {
         return beltInstancedRenderer(model, renderedState, new MatrixStack());
     }
 
-    private RotatingBuffer rotatingInstancedRenderer(IBakedModel model, BlockState referenceState, MatrixStack ms) {
+    private InstanceBuffer<RotatingData> rotatingInstancedRenderer(IBakedModel model, BlockState referenceState, MatrixStack ms) {
         BufferBuilder builder = SuperByteBufferCache.getBufferBuilder(model, referenceState, ms);
 
         return new RotatingBuffer(builder);
     }
 
-    private BeltBuffer beltInstancedRenderer(IBakedModel model, BlockState referenceState, MatrixStack ms) {
+    private InstanceBuffer<BeltData> beltInstancedRenderer(IBakedModel model, BlockState referenceState, MatrixStack ms) {
         BufferBuilder builder = SuperByteBufferCache.getBufferBuilder(model, referenceState, ms);
 
         return new BeltBuffer(builder);
     }
 
     public void invalidate() {
-        rotating.values().forEach(cache -> {
+        for (Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<RotatingData>> objectInstanceBufferCache : rotating.values()) {
-            cache.asMap().values().forEach(InstanceBuffer::delete);
+            objectInstanceBufferCache.asMap().values().forEach(InstanceBuffer::delete);
-            cache.invalidateAll();
+            objectInstanceBufferCache.invalidateAll();
-        });
+        }
 
-        belts.values().forEach(cache -> {
+        for (Cache<Object, InstanceBuffer<BeltData>> cache : belts.values()) {
             cache.asMap().values().forEach(InstanceBuffer::delete);
             cache.invalidateAll();
-        });
+        }
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/SafeDirectBuffer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render;
+
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.GLAllocation;
+import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryStack;
+import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
+import sun.misc.Cleaner;
+import sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer;
+
+import java.nio.*;
+
+public class SafeDirectBuffer implements AutoCloseable {
+
+    private ByteBuffer wrapped;
+
+    public SafeDirectBuffer(int capacity) {
+        this.wrapped = GLAllocation.createDirectByteBuffer(capacity);
+    }
+
+    public void close() throws Exception {
+        if (wrapped instanceof DirectBuffer) {
+            Cleaner cleaner = ((DirectBuffer) wrapped).cleaner();
+            if (!cleaner.isEnqueued()) {
+                cleaner.clean();
+                cleaner.enqueue();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Only use this function to pass information to OpenGL.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public ByteBuffer getBacking() {
+        return wrapped;
+    }
+
+    public void order(ByteOrder bo) {
+        wrapped.order(bo);
+    }
+
+    public void limit(int limit) {
+        wrapped.limit(limit);
+    }
+
+    public void rewind() {
+        wrapped.rewind();
+    }
+
+    public byte get() {
+        return wrapped.get();
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer put(byte b) {
+        return wrapped.put(b);
+    }
+
+    public byte get(int index) {
+        return wrapped.get();
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer put(int index, byte b) {
+        return wrapped.put(index, b);
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer compact() {
+        return wrapped.compact();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isReadOnly() {
+        return wrapped.isReadOnly();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDirect() {
+        return wrapped.isDirect();
+    }
+
+    public char getChar() {
+        return wrapped.getChar();
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putChar(char value) {
+        return wrapped.putChar(value);
+    }
+
+    public char getChar(int index) {
+        return wrapped.getChar(index);
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putChar(int index, char value) {
+        return wrapped.putChar(index, value);
+    }
+
+    public short getShort() {
+        return wrapped.getShort();
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putShort(short value) {
+        return wrapped.putShort(value);
+    }
+
+    public short getShort(int index) {
+        return wrapped.getShort(index);
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putShort(int index, short value) {
+        return wrapped.putShort(index, value);
+    }
+
+    public int getInt() {
+        return wrapped.getInt();
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putInt(int value) {
+        return wrapped.putInt(value);
+    }
+
+    public int getInt(int index) {
+        return wrapped.getInt(index);
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putInt(int index, int value) {
+        return wrapped.putInt(index, value);
+    }
+
+    public long getLong() {
+        return wrapped.getLong();
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putLong(long value) {
+        return wrapped.putLong(value);
+    }
+
+    public long getLong(int index) {
+        return wrapped.getLong(index);
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putLong(int index, long value) {
+        return wrapped.putLong(index, value);
+    }
+
+    public float getFloat() {
+        return wrapped.getFloat();
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putFloat(float value) {
+        return wrapped.putFloat(value);
+    }
+
+    public float getFloat(int index) {
+        return wrapped.getFloat(index);
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putFloat(int index, float value) {
+        return wrapped.putFloat(index, value);
+    }
+
+    public double getDouble() {
+        return wrapped.getDouble();
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putDouble(double value) {
+        return wrapped.putDouble(value);
+    }
+
+    public double getDouble(int index) {
+        return wrapped.getDouble(index);
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer putDouble(int index, double value) {
+        return wrapped.putDouble(index, value);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/TemplateBuffer.java

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render;
 
+import com.mojang.blaze3d.platform.GlStateManager;
 import com.mojang.datafixers.util.Pair;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.BufferBuilder;
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.GLAllocation;
+import net.minecraft.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement;
+import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL15;
 
 import java.nio.Buffer;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 public class TemplateBuffer {
     protected ByteBuffer template;
     protected int formatSize;
-    protected int count;
+    protected int vertexCount;
 
     public TemplateBuffer(BufferBuilder buf) {
         Pair<BufferBuilder.DrawState, ByteBuffer> state = buf.popData();
@@ -20,8 +22,8 @@ public class TemplateBuffer {
 
         formatSize = buf.getVertexFormat()
                         .getSize();
-        count = state.getFirst().getCount();
+        vertexCount = state.getFirst().getCount();
-        int size = count * formatSize;
+        int size = vertexCount * formatSize;
 
         template = ByteBuffer.allocate(size);
         template.order(rendered.order());
@@ -30,6 +32,22 @@ public class TemplateBuffer {
         ((Buffer)template).rewind();
     }
 
+    protected void buildEBO(int ebo) throws Exception {
+        int indicesSize = vertexCount * VertexFormatElement.Type.USHORT.getSize();
+        try (SafeDirectBuffer indices = new SafeDirectBuffer(indicesSize)) {
+            indices.order(template.order());
+            indices.limit(indicesSize);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
+                indices.putShort((short) i);
+            }
+            indices.rewind();
+
+            GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
+            GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.getBacking(), GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+        }
+    }
+
     public boolean isEmpty() {
         return ((Buffer) template).limit() == 0;
     }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/TileEntityRenderHelper.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import com.simibubi.create.Create;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.config.AllConfigs;
 
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.MatrixStacker;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.IInstanceRendered;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.IRenderTypeBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Matrix4f;
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ public class TileEntityRenderHelper {
 
 		for (Iterator<TileEntity> iterator = customRenderTEs.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
 			TileEntity tileEntity = iterator.next();
+			if (tileEntity instanceof IInstanceRendered) continue; // TODO: some things still need to render
+
 			TileEntityRenderer<TileEntity> renderer = TileEntityRendererDispatcher.instance.getRenderer(tileEntity);
 			if (renderer == null) {
 				iterator.remove();

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/instancing/BasicData.java

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing;
 
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SafeDirectBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Vector3f;
 import net.minecraft.util.math.BlockPos;
 
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-
 public class BasicData<D extends BasicData<D>> extends InstanceData {
 
     private float x;
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ public class BasicData<D extends BasicData<D>> extends InstanceData {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void write(ByteBuffer buf) {
+    public void write(SafeDirectBuffer buf) {
         putVec3(buf, x, y, z);
 
         putVec2(buf, blockLight, skyLight);

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/instancing/BeltData.java

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing;
 
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.block.render.SpriteShiftEntry;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SafeDirectBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.texture.TextureAtlasSprite;
-import net.minecraft.util.math.BlockPos;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 import static com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.VertexAttribute.*;
 
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ public class BeltData extends BasicData<BeltData> {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void write(ByteBuffer buf) {
+    public void write(SafeDirectBuffer buf) {
         super.write(buf);
 
         putVec3(buf, rotX, rotY, rotZ);

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/instancing/IInstancedTileEntityRenderer.java

@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing;
 
+import com.simibubi.create.AllBlockPartials;
+import com.simibubi.create.content.contraptions.components.structureMovement.Contraption;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.tileEntity.renderer.SafeTileEntityRenderer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.FastContraptionRenderer;
+import net.minecraft.block.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRenderer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.tileentity.TileEntityRendererDispatcher;
 import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
 
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 public interface IInstancedTileEntityRenderer<T extends TileEntity> {
 
-    void addInstanceData(T te);
+    void addInstanceData(InstanceContext<T> te);
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/instancing/InstanceBuffer.java

@@ -2,17 +2,12 @@ package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing;
 
 
 import com.mojang.blaze3d.platform.GlStateManager;
-import com.simibubi.create.CreateClient;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.RenderWork;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SafeDirectBuffer;
 import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.TemplateBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.BufferBuilder;
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.GLAllocation;
-import net.minecraft.client.renderer.vertex.VertexFormatElement;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.*;
-import org.lwjgl.system.MemoryUtil;
 
-import java.nio.Buffer;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
@@ -24,60 +19,53 @@ public abstract class InstanceBuffer<D extends InstanceData> extends TemplateBuf
     protected int vao, ebo, invariantVBO, instanceVBO, instanceCount;
 
     protected final ArrayList<D> data = new ArrayList<>();
+    protected boolean rebuffer = false;
     protected boolean shouldBuild = true;
 
     public InstanceBuffer(BufferBuilder buf) {
         super(buf);
-        setupMainData();
+        setup();
     }
 
-    private void setupMainData() {
+    private void setup() {
         int stride = FORMAT.getStride();
-        int invariantSize = count * stride;
 
-        ByteBuffer constant = GLAllocation.createDirectByteBuffer(invariantSize);
+        int invariantSize = vertexCount * stride;
-        constant.order(template.order());
-        ((Buffer) constant).limit(invariantSize);
-
-        int indicesSize = count * VertexFormatElement.Type.USHORT.getSize();
-        ByteBuffer indices = GLAllocation.createDirectByteBuffer(indicesSize);
-        indices.order(template.order());
-        ((Buffer) indices).limit(indicesSize);
-
-        int vertexCount = vertexCount(template);
-        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
-            constant.putFloat(getX(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getY(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getZ(template, i));
-
-            constant.putFloat(getNX(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getNY(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getNZ(template, i));
-
-            constant.putFloat(getU(template, i));
-            constant.putFloat(getV(template, i));
-
-            indices.putShort((short) i);
-        }
-        constant.rewind();
-        indices.rewind();
 
         vao = GL30.glGenVertexArrays();
-        GL30.glBindVertexArray(vao);
-
         ebo = GlStateManager.genBuffers();
         invariantVBO = GlStateManager.genBuffers();
         instanceVBO = GlStateManager.genBuffers();
 
-        GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, invariantVBO);
+        try (SafeDirectBuffer constant = new SafeDirectBuffer(invariantSize)) {
-        GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, constant, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+            constant.order(template.order());
-        MemoryUtil.memFree(constant);
+            constant.limit(invariantSize);
 
-        GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
+            for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
-        GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+                constant.putFloat(getX(template, i));
-        MemoryUtil.memFree(indices);
+                constant.putFloat(getY(template, i));
+                constant.putFloat(getZ(template, i));
 
-        FORMAT.informAttributes(0);
+                constant.put(getNX(template, i));
+                constant.put(getNY(template, i));
+                constant.put(getNZ(template, i));
+
+                constant.putFloat(getU(template, i));
+                constant.putFloat(getV(template, i));
+            }
+            constant.rewind();
+
+            GL30.glBindVertexArray(vao);
+
+            GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, invariantVBO);
+            GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, constant.getBacking(), GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+
+            buildEBO(ebo);
+
+            FORMAT.informAttributes(0);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            delete();
+        }
 
         GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
         GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
@@ -88,7 +76,7 @@ public abstract class InstanceBuffer<D extends InstanceData> extends TemplateBuf
     protected abstract VertexFormat getInstanceFormat();
 
     public int numInstances() {
-        return instanceCount;
+        return instanceCount + data.size();
     }
 
     public boolean isEmpty() {
@@ -100,14 +88,20 @@ public abstract class InstanceBuffer<D extends InstanceData> extends TemplateBuf
         shouldBuild = true;
     }
 
+    public void markDirty() {
+        rebuffer = true;
+    }
+
     public void delete() {
         RenderWork.enqueue(() -> {
             GL15.glDeleteBuffers(invariantVBO);
             GL15.glDeleteBuffers(instanceVBO);
             GL15.glDeleteBuffers(ebo);
             GL30.glDeleteVertexArrays(vao);
-
+            vao = 0;
-            clearInstanceData();
+            ebo = 0;
+            invariantVBO = 0;
+            instanceVBO = 0;
         });
     }
 
@@ -120,10 +114,10 @@ public abstract class InstanceBuffer<D extends InstanceData> extends TemplateBuf
         setup.accept(instanceData);
 
         data.add(instanceData);
-        instanceCount++;
     }
 
     public void render() {
+        if (vao == 0) return;
 
         GL30.glBindVertexArray(vao);
         finishBuffering();
@@ -135,7 +129,7 @@ public abstract class InstanceBuffer<D extends InstanceData> extends TemplateBuf
 
         GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
 
-        GL40.glDrawElementsInstanced(GL11.GL_QUADS, count, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0, instanceCount);
+        GL40.glDrawElementsInstanced(GL11.GL_QUADS, vertexCount, GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0, instanceCount);
 
         for (int i = 0; i <= numAttributes; i++) {
             GL40.glDisableVertexAttribArray(i);
@@ -146,33 +140,39 @@ public abstract class InstanceBuffer<D extends InstanceData> extends TemplateBuf
     }
 
     private void finishBuffering() {
-        if (!shouldBuild) return;
+        if (!rebuffer || isEmpty()) return;
+
+        instanceCount = data.size();
 
         VertexFormat instanceFormat = getInstanceFormat();
 
         int instanceSize = instanceCount * instanceFormat.getStride();
 
-        ByteBuffer buffer = GLAllocation.createDirectByteBuffer(instanceSize);
+        try (SafeDirectBuffer buffer = new SafeDirectBuffer(instanceSize)) {
-        buffer.order(template.order());
+            buffer.order(template.order());
-        ((Buffer) buffer).limit(instanceSize);
+            buffer.limit(instanceSize);
 
-        data.forEach(instanceData -> instanceData.write(buffer));
+            data.forEach(instanceData -> instanceData.write(buffer));
-        buffer.rewind();
+            buffer.rewind();
 
-        GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, instanceVBO);
+            GlStateManager.bindBuffers(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, instanceVBO);
-        GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+            GlStateManager.bufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer.getBacking(), GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
-        int staticAttributes = FORMAT.getNumAttributes();
+            int staticAttributes = FORMAT.getNumAttributes();
-        instanceFormat.informAttributes(staticAttributes);
+            instanceFormat.informAttributes(staticAttributes);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < instanceFormat.getNumAttributes(); i++) {
+                GL40.glVertexAttribDivisor(i + staticAttributes, 1);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < instanceFormat.getNumAttributes(); i++) {
-            GL40.glVertexAttribDivisor(i + staticAttributes, 1);
         }
 
         // Deselect (bind to 0) the VBO
         GL15.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
 
         shouldBuild = false;
+        rebuffer = false;
         data.clear();
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/instancing/InstanceContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing;
+
+import com.simibubi.create.CreateClient;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.FastContraptionRenderer;
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.FastKineticRenderer;
+import net.minecraft.tileentity.TileEntity;
+
+public abstract class InstanceContext<T extends TileEntity> {
+
+    public final T te;
+
+    public InstanceContext(T te) {
+        this.te = te;
+    }
+
+    public abstract FastKineticRenderer getKinetics();
+
+    public abstract boolean checkWorldLight();
+
+    public static class Contraption<T extends TileEntity> extends InstanceContext<T> {
+
+        public final FastContraptionRenderer c;
+
+        public Contraption(T te, FastContraptionRenderer c) {
+            super(te);
+            this.c = c;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public FastKineticRenderer getKinetics() {
+            return c.kinetics;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean checkWorldLight() {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class World<T extends TileEntity> extends InstanceContext<T> {
+
+        public World(T te) {
+            super(te);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public FastKineticRenderer getKinetics() {
+            return CreateClient.kineticRenderer;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean checkWorldLight() {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/instancing/InstanceData.java

@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing;
 
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SafeDirectBuffer;
+
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 public abstract class InstanceData {
 
-    public abstract void write(ByteBuffer buf);
+    public abstract void write(SafeDirectBuffer buf);
 
-    public void putVec4(ByteBuffer buf, float x, float y, float z, float w) {
+    public void putVec4(SafeDirectBuffer buf, float x, float y, float z, float w) {
         putFloat(buf, x);
         putFloat(buf, y);
         putFloat(buf, z);
         putFloat(buf, w);
     }
 
-    public void putVec3(ByteBuffer buf, float x, float y, float z) {
+    public void putVec3(SafeDirectBuffer buf, float x, float y, float z) {
         putFloat(buf, x);
         putFloat(buf, y);
         putFloat(buf, z);
     }
 
-    public void putVec2(ByteBuffer buf, float x, float y) {
+    public void putVec2(SafeDirectBuffer buf, float x, float y) {
         putFloat(buf, x);
         putFloat(buf, y);
     }
 
-    public void putFloat(ByteBuffer buf, float f) {
+    public void putFloat(SafeDirectBuffer buf, float f) {
         buf.putFloat(f);
     }
 }

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/instancing/RotatingData.java

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing;
 
+import com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.SafeDirectBuffer;
 import net.minecraft.client.renderer.Vector3f;
-import net.minecraft.util.math.BlockPos;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 import static com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.instancing.VertexAttribute.*;
 
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ public class RotatingData extends BasicData<RotatingData> {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void write(ByteBuffer buf) {
+    public void write(SafeDirectBuffer buf) {
         super.write(buf);
         putFloat(buf, rotationalSpeed);
         putFloat(buf, rotationOffset);

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/instancing/VertexAttribute.java

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public class VertexAttribute {
     public static final VertexAttribute FLOAT = new VertexAttribute(VertexFormatElement.Type.FLOAT, 1);
 
     public static final VertexAttribute POSITION = VEC3;
-    public static final VertexAttribute NORMAL = VEC3;
+    public static final VertexAttribute NORMAL = new VertexAttribute(VertexFormatElement.Type.BYTE, 3);
-    public static final VertexAttribute COLOR = VEC4;
+    public static final VertexAttribute COLOR = new VertexAttribute(VertexFormatElement.Type.BYTE, 4);
     public static final VertexAttribute UV = VEC2;
     public static final VertexAttribute LIGHT= VEC2;
 

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/shader/Shader.java

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package com.simibubi.create.foundation.utility.render.shader;
 
 public enum Shader {
-    ROTATING_INSTANCED("shader/rotating.vert", "shader/instanced.frag"),
+    ROTATING("shader/rotating.vert", "shader/instanced.frag"),
-    BELT_INSTANCED("shader/belt.vert", "shader/instanced.frag"),
+    BELT("shader/belt.vert", "shader/instanced.frag"),
     CONTRAPTION_STRUCTURE("shader/contraption.vert", "shader/contraption.frag"),
+    CONTRAPTION_ROTATING("shader/contraption_rotating.vert", "shader/contraption.frag"),
+    CONTRAPTION_BELT("shader/contraption_belt.vert", "shader/contraption.frag"),
     ;
 
     public final String vert;

src/main/java/com/simibubi/create/foundation/utility/render/shader/ShaderHelper.java

@@ -58,34 +58,28 @@ public class ShaderHelper {
         return shaderProgram.getProgram();
     }
 
-    public static ShaderCallback getViewProjectionCallback(RenderWorldLastEvent event) {
+    public static ShaderCallback getViewProjectionCallback(Matrix4f projectionMat, Matrix4f viewMat) {
         return shader -> {
             ShaderHelper.MATRIX_BUFFER.position(0);
-            event.getProjectionMatrix().write(ShaderHelper.MATRIX_BUFFER);
+            projectionMat.write(ShaderHelper.MATRIX_BUFFER);
-
             int projection = GlStateManager.getUniformLocation(shader, "projection");
             GlStateManager.uniformMatrix4(projection, false, ShaderHelper.MATRIX_BUFFER);
 
-            // view matrix
-            Vec3d pos = Minecraft.getInstance().gameRenderer.getActiveRenderInfo().getProjectedView();
-            Matrix4f translate = Matrix4f.translate((float) -pos.x, (float) -pos.y, (float) -pos.z);
-            translate.multiplyBackward(event.getMatrixStack().peek().getModel());
-
             ShaderHelper.MATRIX_BUFFER.position(0);
-            translate.write(ShaderHelper.MATRIX_BUFFER);
+            viewMat.write(ShaderHelper.MATRIX_BUFFER);
             int view = GlStateManager.getUniformLocation(shader, "view");
             GlStateManager.uniformMatrix4(view, false, ShaderHelper.MATRIX_BUFFER);
         };
     }
 
-    public static void useShader(Shader shader) {
+    public static int useShader(Shader shader) {
-        useShader(shader, null);
+        return useShader(shader, null);
     }
 
-    public static void useShader(Shader shader, @Nullable ShaderCallback cb) {
+    public static int useShader(Shader shader, @Nullable ShaderCallback cb) {
         ShaderProgram prog = PROGRAMS.get(shader);
         if (prog == null) {
-            return;
+            return -1;
         }
 
         int program = prog.getProgram();
@@ -102,6 +96,8 @@ public class ShaderHelper {
         if (cb != null) {
             cb.call(program);
         }
+
+        return program;
     }
 
     public static void releaseShader() {

src/main/resources/assets/create/shader/contraption.frag

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ vec4 light() {
     return texture2D(LightMap, lm);
 }
 
-
 void main() {
     vec4 tex = texture2D(BlockAtlas, TexCoords);
 

src/main/resources/assets/create/shader/contraption.vert

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ uniform int ticks;
 uniform mat4 projection;
 uniform mat4 view;
 
-mat4 rotate(vec3 axis, float angle)
+mat4 rotate(vec3 axis, float angle) {
-{
     float s = sin(angle);
     float c = cos(angle);
     float oc = 1.0 - c;
@@ -47,18 +46,11 @@ float diffuse(vec3 normal) {
 
 void main() {
     mat4 rotation = contraptionRotation();
+    vec4 worldPos = (rotation * vec4(aPos - vec3(0.5), 1)) + vec4(cPos + vec3(0.5), 0);
 
-    vec4 rotatedPos = rotation * vec4(aPos - vec3(0.5), 1);
+    BoxCoord = (worldPos.xyz - lightBoxMin) / lightBoxSize;
-
+    Diffuse = diffuse(normalize(rotation * vec4(aNormal, 0.)).xyz);
-    vec4 worldPos = rotatedPos + vec4(cPos + vec3(0.5), 0);
+    Color = aColor;
-
-    vec3 boxCoord = (worldPos.xyz - lightBoxMin) / lightBoxSize;
-
-    float df = diffuse(normalize(aNormal));
-
-    Diffuse = diffuse(normalize((rotation * vec4(aNormal, 0.)).xyz));
-    Color = vec4(aColor.rgb / df, aColor.a);
-    BoxCoord = boxCoord;
     TexCoords = aTexCoords;
     gl_Position = projection * view * worldPos;
 }

src/main/resources/assets/create/shader/contraption_belt.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#version 330 core
+#define PI 3.1415926538
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
+layout (location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;
+layout (location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoords;
+
+layout (location = 3) in vec3 instancePos;
+layout (location = 4) in vec2 light;
+layout (location = 5) in vec3 rotationDegrees;
+layout (location = 6) in float speed;
+layout (location = 7) in vec2 sourceUV;
+layout (location = 8) in vec4 scrollTexture;
+layout (location = 9) in float scrollMult;
+
+out float Diffuse;
+out vec2 TexCoords;
+out vec4 Color;
+out vec3 BoxCoord;
+
+uniform vec3 lightBoxSize;
+uniform vec3 lightBoxMin;
+uniform vec3 cPos;
+uniform vec3 cRot;
+
+uniform float time;
+uniform int ticks;
+uniform mat4 projection;
+uniform mat4 view;
+
+mat4 rotate(vec3 axis, float angle)
+{
+    float s = sin(angle);
+    float c = cos(angle);
+    float oc = 1.0 - c;
+
+    return mat4(oc * axis.x * axis.x + c,           oc * axis.x * axis.y - axis.z * s,  oc * axis.z * axis.x + axis.y * s,  0.,
+    oc * axis.x * axis.y + axis.z * s,  oc * axis.y * axis.y + c,           oc * axis.y * axis.z - axis.x * s,  0.,
+    oc * axis.z * axis.x - axis.y * s,  oc * axis.y * axis.z + axis.x * s,  oc * axis.z * axis.z + c,           0.,
+    0.,                                 0.,                                 0.,                                 1.);
+}
+
+mat4 rotation(vec3 rot) {
+    return rotate(vec3(0, 1, 0), rot.y) * rotate(vec3(0, 0, 1), rot.z) * rotate(vec3(1, 0, 0), rot.x);
+}
+
+mat4 contraptionRotation() {
+    vec3 rot = -fract(cRot / 360) * PI * 2;
+    return rotation(rot);
+}
+
+mat4 localRotation() {
+    vec3 rot = fract(rotationDegrees / 360) * PI * 2;
+    return rotation(rot);
+}
+
+float diffuse(vec3 normal) {
+    float x = normal.x;
+    float y = normal.y;
+    float z = normal.z;
+    return min(x * x * 0.6f + y * y * ((3f + y) / 4f) + z * z * 0.8f, 1f);
+}
+
+void main() {
+    mat4 localRotation = localRotation();
+    vec4 localPos = localRotation * vec4(aPos - 0.5, 1f) + vec4(instancePos, 0);
+
+    mat4 contraptionRotation = contraptionRotation();
+    vec4 worldPos = contraptionRotation * localPos + vec4(cPos + 0.5, 0);
+
+    float scrollSize = scrollTexture.w - scrollTexture.y;
+    float scroll = fract(speed * time / (36 * 16.)) * scrollSize * scrollMult;
+
+    BoxCoord = (worldPos.xyz - lightBoxMin) / lightBoxSize;
+    Diffuse = diffuse(normalize(contraptionRotation * localRotation * vec4(aNormal, 0.)).xyz);
+    Color = vec4(1.);
+    TexCoords = aTexCoords - sourceUV + scrollTexture.xy + vec2(0., scroll);
+    gl_Position = projection * view * worldPos;
+}

src/main/resources/assets/create/shader/contraption_rotating.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#version 330 core
+#define PI 3.1415926538
+layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
+layout (location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;
+layout (location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoords;
+
+layout (location = 3) in vec3 instancePos;
+layout (location = 4) in vec2 light;
+layout (location = 5) in float speed;
+layout (location = 6) in float rotationOffset;
+layout (location = 7) in vec3 rotationAxis;
+
+out float Diffuse;
+out vec2 TexCoords;
+out vec4 Color;
+out vec3 BoxCoord;
+
+uniform vec3 lightBoxSize;
+uniform vec3 lightBoxMin;
+uniform vec3 cPos;
+uniform vec3 cRot;
+
+uniform float time;
+uniform int ticks;
+uniform mat4 projection;
+uniform mat4 view;
+
+mat4 rotate(vec3 axis, float angle) {
+    float s = sin(angle);
+    float c = cos(angle);
+    float oc = 1.0 - c;
+
+    return mat4(oc * axis.x * axis.x + c,           oc * axis.x * axis.y - axis.z * s,  oc * axis.z * axis.x + axis.y * s,  0.,
+    oc * axis.x * axis.y + axis.z * s,  oc * axis.y * axis.y + c,           oc * axis.y * axis.z - axis.x * s,  0.,
+    oc * axis.z * axis.x - axis.y * s,  oc * axis.y * axis.z + axis.x * s,  oc * axis.z * axis.z + c,           0.,
+    0.,                                 0.,                                 0.,                                 1.);
+}
+
+mat4 kineticRotation() {
+    float degrees = rotationOffset + time * speed * -3./10.;
+    float angle = fract(degrees / 360.) * PI * 2.;
+
+    vec3 axis = normalize(rotationAxis);
+    return rotate(axis, angle);
+}
+
+mat4 contraptionRotation() {
+    vec3 rot = -fract(cRot / 360) * PI * 2;
+    return rotate(vec3(0, 1, 0), rot.y) * rotate(vec3(0, 0, 1), rot.z) * rotate(vec3(1, 0, 0), rot.x);
+}
+
+float diffuse(vec3 normal) {
+    float x = normal.x;
+    float y = normal.y;
+    float z = normal.z;
+    return min(x * x * 0.6f + y * y * ((3f + y) / 4f) + z * z * 0.8f, 1f);
+}
+
+void main() {
+    mat4 kineticRotation = kineticRotation();
+    vec4 localPos = kineticRotation * vec4(aPos - 0.5, 1f) + vec4(instancePos, 0);
+
+    mat4 contraptionRotation = contraptionRotation();
+    vec4 worldPos = contraptionRotation * localPos + vec4(cPos + 0.5, 0);
+
+    BoxCoord = (worldPos.xyz - lightBoxMin) / lightBoxSize;
+    Diffuse = diffuse(normalize(contraptionRotation * localRotation * vec4(aNormal, 0.)).xyz);
+    Color = vec4(1.);
+    TexCoords = aTexCoords;
+    gl_Position = projection * view * worldPos;
+}