mirror of
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea
synced 2024-12-24 18:34:44 +01:00
4989ad0a9f
To make sure we don't abuse it. --------- Signed-off-by: Yarden Shoham <git@yardenshoham.com> Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
149 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
149 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
date: "2021-10-13T16:00:00+02:00"
|
|
title: "Guidelines for Frontend Development"
|
|
slug: "guidelines-frontend"
|
|
sidebar_position: 30
|
|
toc: false
|
|
draft: false
|
|
aliases:
|
|
- /en-us/guidelines-frontend
|
|
menu:
|
|
sidebar:
|
|
parent: "contributing"
|
|
name: "Guidelines for Frontend"
|
|
sidebar_position: 30
|
|
identifier: "guidelines-frontend"
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Guidelines for Frontend Development
|
|
|
|
## Background
|
|
|
|
Gitea uses [Fomantic-UI](https://fomantic-ui.com/introduction/getting-started.html) (based on [jQuery](https://api.jquery.com)) and [Vue3](https://vuejs.org/) for its frontend.
|
|
|
|
The HTML pages are rendered by [Go HTML Template](https://pkg.go.dev/html/template).
|
|
|
|
The source files can be found in the following directories:
|
|
|
|
* **CSS styles:** `web_src/css/`
|
|
* **JavaScript files:** `web_src/js/`
|
|
* **Vue components:** `web_src/js/components/`
|
|
* **Go HTML templates:** `templates/`
|
|
|
|
## General Guidelines
|
|
|
|
We recommend [Google HTML/CSS Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/htmlcssguide.html) and [Google JavaScript Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/jsguide.html)
|
|
|
|
### Gitea specific guidelines:
|
|
|
|
1. Every feature (Fomantic-UI/jQuery module) should be put in separate files/directories.
|
|
2. HTML ids and classes should use kebab-case, it's preferred to contain 2-3 feature related keywords.
|
|
3. HTML ids and classes used in JavaScript should be unique for the whole project, and should contain 2-3 feature related keywords. We recommend to use the `js-` prefix for classes that are only used in JavaScript.
|
|
4. CSS styling for classes provided by frameworks should not be overwritten. Always use new class names with 2-3 feature related keywords to overwrite framework styles. Gitea's helper CSS classes in `helpers.less` could be helpful.
|
|
5. The backend can pass complex data to the frontend by using `ctx.PageData["myModuleData"] = map[]{}`, but do not expose whole models to the frontend to avoid leaking sensitive data.
|
|
6. Simple pages and SEO-related pages use Go HTML Template render to generate static Fomantic-UI HTML output. Complex pages can use Vue3.
|
|
7. Clarify variable types, prefer `elem.disabled = true` instead of `elem.setAttribute('disabled', 'anything')`, prefer `$el.prop('checked', var === 'yes')` instead of `$el.prop('checked', var)`.
|
|
8. Use semantic elements, prefer `<button class="ui button">` instead of `<div class="ui button">`.
|
|
9. Avoid unnecessary `!important` in CSS, add comments to explain why it's necessary if it can't be avoided.
|
|
10. Avoid mixing different events in one event listener, prefer to use individual event listeners for every event.
|
|
11. Custom event names are recommended to use `ce-` prefix.
|
|
12. Gitea's tailwind-style CSS classes use `gt-` prefix (`gt-relative`), while Gitea's own private framework-level CSS classes use `g-` prefix (`g-modal-confirm`).
|
|
13. Avoid inline scripts & styles as much as possible, it's recommended to put JS code into JS files and use CSS classes. If inline scripts & styles are unavoidable, explain the reason why it can't be avoided.
|
|
|
|
### Accessibility / ARIA
|
|
|
|
In history, Gitea heavily uses Fomantic UI which is not an accessibility-friendly framework.
|
|
Gitea uses some patches to make Fomantic UI more accessible (see `aria.md` and related JS files),
|
|
but there are still many problems which need a lot of work and time to fix.
|
|
|
|
### Framework Usage
|
|
|
|
Mixing different frameworks together is discouraged, it makes the code difficult to be maintained.
|
|
A JavaScript module should follow one major framework and follow the framework's best practice.
|
|
|
|
Recommended implementations:
|
|
|
|
* Vue + Vanilla JS
|
|
* Fomantic-UI (jQuery)
|
|
* htmx (partial page reloads for otherwise static components)
|
|
* Vanilla JS
|
|
|
|
Discouraged implementations:
|
|
|
|
* Vue + Fomantic-UI (jQuery)
|
|
* jQuery + Vanilla JS
|
|
* htmx + any other framework which requires heavy JS code, or unnecessary features like htmx scripting (`hx-on`)
|
|
|
|
To make UI consistent, Vue components can use Fomantic-UI CSS classes.
|
|
We use htmx for simple interactions. You can see an example for simple interactions where htmx should be used in this [PR](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/28908). Do not use htmx if you require more advanced reactivity, use another framework (Vue/Vanilla JS).
|
|
Although mixing different frameworks is discouraged,
|
|
it should also work if the mixing is necessary and the code is well-designed and maintainable.
|
|
|
|
### `async` Functions
|
|
|
|
Only mark a function as `async` if and only if there are `await` calls
|
|
or `Promise` returns inside the function.
|
|
|
|
It's not recommended to use `async` event listeners, which may lead to problems.
|
|
The reason is that the code after await is executed outside the event dispatch.
|
|
Reference: https://github.com/github/eslint-plugin-github/blob/main/docs/rules/async-preventdefault.md
|
|
|
|
If an event listener must be `async`, the `e.preventDefault()` should be before any `await`,
|
|
it's recommended to put it at the beginning of the function.
|
|
|
|
If we want to call an `async` function in a non-async context,
|
|
it's recommended to use `const _promise = asyncFoo()` to tell readers
|
|
that this is done by purpose, we want to call the async function and ignore the Promise.
|
|
Some lint rules and IDEs also have warnings if the returned Promise is not handled.
|
|
|
|
### Fetching data
|
|
|
|
To fetch data, use the wrapper functions `GET`, `POST` etc. from `modules/fetch.js`. They
|
|
accept a `data` option for the content, will automatically set CSRF token and return a
|
|
Promise for a [Response](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Response).
|
|
|
|
### HTML Attributes and `dataset`
|
|
|
|
The usage of `dataset` is forbidden, its camel-casing behaviour makes it hard to grep for attributes.
|
|
However, there are still some special cases, so the current guideline is:
|
|
|
|
* For legacy code:
|
|
* `$.data()` should be refactored to `$.attr()`.
|
|
* `$.data()` can be used to bind some non-string data to elements in rare cases, but it is highly discouraged.
|
|
|
|
* For new code:
|
|
* `node.dataset` should not be used, use `node.getAttribute` instead.
|
|
* never bind any user data to a DOM node, use a suitable design pattern to describe the relation between node and data.
|
|
|
|
### Show/Hide Elements
|
|
|
|
* Vue components are recommended to use `v-if` and `v-show` to show/hide elements.
|
|
* Go template code should use Gitea's `.gt-hidden` and `showElem()/hideElem()/toggleElem()`, see more details in `.gt-hidden`'s comment.
|
|
|
|
### Styles and Attributes in Go HTML Template
|
|
|
|
It's recommended to use:
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<div class="gt-name1 gt-name2 {{if .IsFoo}}gt-foo{{end}}" {{if .IsFoo}}data-foo{{end}}></div>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
instead of:
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<div class="gt-name1 gt-name2{{if .IsFoo}} gt-foo{{end}}"{{if .IsFoo}} data-foo{{end}}></div>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
to make the code more readable.
|
|
|
|
### Legacy Code
|
|
|
|
A lot of legacy code already existed before this document's written. It's recommended to refactor legacy code to follow the guidelines.
|
|
|
|
### Vue3 and JSX
|
|
|
|
Gitea is using Vue3 now. We decided not to introduce JSX to keep the HTML and the JavaScript code separated.
|
|
|
|
### UI Examples
|
|
|
|
Gitea uses some self-made UI elements and customizes others to integrate them better into the general UI approach. When running Gitea in development mode (`RUN_MODE=dev`), a page with some standardized UI examples is available under `http(s)://your-gitea-url:port/devtest`.
|