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According to [Debian docs](https://wiki.debian.org/DebianRepository/UseThirdParty): > The certificate MUST NOT be placed in /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d or loaded by apt-key add. > ... > If future updates to the certificate will be managed by an apt/dpkg package as recommended below, then it SHOULD be downloaded into /usr/share/keyrings using the same filename that will be provided by the package. If it will be managed locally , it SHOULD be downloaded into /etc/apt/keyrings instead. > ... > A sources.list entry SHOULD have the signed-by option set.
130 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
130 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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date: "2023-01-07T00:00:00+00:00"
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title: "Debian 软件包注册表"
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slug: "debian"
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draft: false
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toc: false
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menu:
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sidebar:
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parent: "packages"
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name: "Debian"
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sidebar_position: 35
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identifier: "debian"
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---
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# Debian 软件包注册表
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为您的用户或组织发布 [Debian](https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages) 软件包。
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## 要求
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要使用 Debian 注册表，您需要使用类似于 `curl` 的 HTTP 客户端进行上传，并使用类似于 `apt` 的软件包管理器消费软件包。
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以下示例使用 `apt`。
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## 配置软件包注册表
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要注册 Debian 注册表，请将 URL 添加到已知 `apt` 源列表中：
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```shell
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echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/gitea-{owner}.asc] https://gitea.example.com/api/packages/{owner}/debian {distribution} {component}" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gitea.list
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```
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| 占位符 | 描述 |
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| -------------- | -------------- |
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| `owner` | 软件包的所有者 |
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| `distribution` | 要使用的发行版 |
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| `component` | 要使用的组件 |
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如果注册表是私有的，请在 URL 中提供凭据。您可以使用密码或[个人访问令牌](development/api-usage.md#通过-api-认证)：
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```shell
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echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/gitea-{owner}.asc] https://{username}:{your_password_or_token}@gitea.example.com/api/packages/{owner}/debian {distribution} {component}" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gitea.list
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```
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Debian 注册表文件使用 PGP 密钥进行签名，`apt` 必须知道该密钥：
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```shell
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sudo curl https://gitea.example.com/api/packages/{owner}/debian/repository.key -o /etc/apt/keyrings/gitea-{owner}.asc
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```
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然后更新本地软件包索引：
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```shell
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apt update
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```
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## 发布软件包
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要发布一个 Debian 软件包（`*.deb`），执行 HTTP `PUT` 操作，并将软件包内容放入请求主体中。
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```
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PUT https://gitea.example.com/api/packages/{owner}/debian/pool/{distribution}/{component}/upload
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```
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| 参数 | 描述 |
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| -------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
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| `owner` | 软件包的所有者 |
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| `distribution` | 发行版，可能与操作系统的发行版名称匹配，例如 `bionic` |
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| `component` | 组件，可用于分组软件包，或仅为 `main` 或类似的组件。 |
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使用 HTTP 基本身份验证的示例请求：
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```shell
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curl --user your_username:your_password_or_token \
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--upload-file path/to/file.deb \
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https://gitea.example.com/api/packages/testuser/debian/pool/bionic/main/upload
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```
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如果您使用 2FA 或 OAuth，请使用[个人访问令牌](development/api-usage.md#通过-api-认证)替代密码。
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您无法向软件包中多次发布具有相同名称的文件。您必须首先删除现有的软件包版本。
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服务器将使用以下 HTTP 状态代码进行响应。
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| HTTP 状态码 | 意义 |
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| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
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| `201 Created` | 软件包已发布 |
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| `400 Bad Request` | 软件包名称、版本、发行版、组件或架构无效 |
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| `409 Conflict` | 具有相同参数组合的软件包文件已经存在 |
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## 删除软件包
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要删除 Debian 软件包，请执行 HTTP `DELETE` 操作。如果没有文件留下，这将同时删除软件包版本。
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```
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DELETE https://gitea.example.com/api/packages/{owner}/debian/pool/{distribution}/{component}/{package_name}/{package_version}/{architecture}
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```
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| 参数 | 描述 |
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| ----------------- | -------------- |
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| `owner` | 软件包的所有者 |
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| `package_name` | 软件包名称 |
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| `package_version` | 软件包版本 |
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| `distribution` | 软件包发行版 |
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| `component` | 软件包组件 |
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| `architecture` | 软件包架构 |
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使用 HTTP 基本身份验证的示例请求：
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```shell
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curl --user your_username:your_token_or_password -X DELETE \
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https://gitea.example.com/api/packages/testuser/debian/pools/bionic/main/test-package/1.0.0/amd64
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```
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服务器将使用以下 HTTP 状态代码进行响应。
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| HTTP 状态码 | 含义 |
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| ---------------- | ------------------ |
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| `204 No Content` | 成功 |
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| `404 Not Found` | 找不到软件包或文件 |
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## 安装软件包
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要从 Debian 注册表安装软件包，请执行以下命令:
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```shell
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# use latest version
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apt install {package_name}
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# use specific version
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apt install {package_name}={package_version}
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```
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