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93 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
93 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
# Cue (Cuelang) {#cuelang}
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[Cuelang](https://cuelang.org/) is a language to:
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- describe schemas and validate backward-compatibility
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- generate code and schemas in various formats (e.g. JSON Schema, OpenAPI)
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- do configuration akin to [Dhall Lang](https://dhall-lang.org/)
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- perform data validation
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## Cuelang schema quick start {#cuelang-quickstart}
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Cuelang schemas are similar to JSON, here is a quick cheatsheet:
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- Default types includes: `null`, `string`, `bool`, `bytes`, `number`, `int`, `float`, lists as `[...T]` where `T` is a type.
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- All structures, defined by: `myStructName: { <fields> }` are **open** -- they accept fields which are not specified.
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- Closed structures can be built by doing `myStructName: close({ <fields> })` -- they are strict in what they accept.
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- `#X` are **definitions**, referenced definitions are **recursively closed**, i.e. all its children structures are **closed**.
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- `&` operator is the [unification operator](https://cuelang.org/docs/references/spec/#unification) (similar to a type-level merging operator), `|` is the [disjunction operator](https://cuelang.org/docs/references/spec/#disjunction) (similar to a type-level union operator).
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- Values **are** types, i.e. `myStruct: { a: 3 }` is a valid type definition that only allows `3` as value.
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- Read <https://cuelang.org/docs/concepts/logic/> to learn more about the semantics.
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- Read <https://cuelang.org/docs/references/spec/> to learn about the language specification.
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## `writeCueValidator` {#cuelang-writeCueValidator}
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Nixpkgs provides a `pkgs.writeCueValidator` helper, which will write a validation script based on the provided Cuelang schema.
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Here is an example:
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```nix
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pkgs.writeCueValidator
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(pkgs.writeText "schema.cue" ''
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#Def1: {
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field1: string
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}
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'')
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{ document = "#Def1"; }
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```
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- The first parameter is the Cue schema file.
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- The second parameter is an options parameter, currently, only: `document` can be passed.
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`document` : match your input data against this fragment of structure or definition, e.g. you may use the same schema file but different documents based on the data you are validating.
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Another example, given the following `validator.nix` :
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```nix
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{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
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let
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genericValidator = version:
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pkgs.writeCueValidator
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(pkgs.writeText "schema.cue" ''
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#Version1: {
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field1: string
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}
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#Version2: #Version1 & {
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field1: "unused"
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}''
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)
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{ document = "#Version${toString version}"; };
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in
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{
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validateV1 = genericValidator 1;
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validateV2 = genericValidator 2;
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}
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```
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The result is a script that will validate the file you pass as the first argument against the schema you provided `writeCueValidator`.
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It can be any format that `cue vet` supports, i.e. YAML or JSON for example.
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Here is an example, named `example.json`, given the following JSON:
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```
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{ "field1": "abc" }
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```
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You can run the result script (named `validate`) as the following:
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```console
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$ nix-build validator.nix
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$ ./result example.json
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$ ./result-2 example.json
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field1: conflicting values "unused" and "abc":
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./example.json:1:13
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../../../../../../nix/store/v64dzx3vr3glpk0cq4hzmh450lrwh6sg-schema.cue:5:11
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$ sed -i 's/"abc"/3/' example.json
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$ ./result example.json
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field1: conflicting values 3 and string (mismatched types int and string):
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./example.json:1:13
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../../../../../../nix/store/v64dzx3vr3glpk0cq4hzmh450lrwh6sg-schema.cue:5:11
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```
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**Known limitations**
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* The script will enforce **concrete** values and will not accept lossy transformations (strictness). You can add these options if you need them.
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