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Merge pull request #4547 from matrix-org/anoa/acme_docs
Add docs for ACME setup
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Andrew Morgan
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2 changed files with 86 additions and 83 deletions
168
README.rst
168
README.rst
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@ -216,16 +216,83 @@ different. See `the spec`__ for more information on key management.)
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The default configuration exposes two HTTP ports: 8008 and 8448. Port 8008 is
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configured without TLS; it should be behind a reverse proxy for TLS/SSL
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termination on port 443 which in turn should be used for clients. Port 8448
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is configured to use TLS with a self-signed certificate. If you would like
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to do initial test with a client without having to setup a reverse proxy,
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you can temporarly use another certificate. (Note that a self-signed
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certificate is fine for `Federation`_). You can do so by changing
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``tls_certificate_path`` and ``tls_private_key_path``
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in ``homeserver.yaml``; alternatively, you can use a reverse-proxy, but be sure
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to read `Using a reverse proxy with Synapse`_ when doing so.
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is configured to use TLS for `Federation`_ with a self-signed or verified
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certificate, but please be aware that a valid certificate will be required in
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Synapse v1.0.
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If you would like to use your own certificates, you can do so by changing
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``tls_certificate_path`` and ``tls_private_key_path`` in ``homeserver.yaml``;
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alternatively, you can use a reverse-proxy. Apart from port 8448 using TLS,
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both ports are the same in the default configuration.
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ACME setup
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----------
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Synapse v1.0 will require valid TLS certificates for communication between servers
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(port ``8448`` by default) in addition to those that are client-facing (port
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``443``). In the case that your `server_name` config variable is the same as
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the hostname that the client connects to, then the same certificate can be
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used between client and federation ports without issue. Synapse v0.99.0+
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**will provision server-to-server certificates automatically for you for
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free** through `Let's Encrypt
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<https://letsencrypt.org/>`_ if you tell it to.
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In order for Synapse to complete the ACME challenge to provision a
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certificate, it needs access to port 80. Typically listening on port 80 is
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only granted to applications running as root. There are thus two solutions to
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this problem.
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**Using a reverse proxy**
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A reverse proxy such as Apache or nginx allows a single process (the web
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server) to listen on port 80 and proxy traffic to the appropriate program
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running on your server. It is the recommended method for setting up ACME as
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it allows you to use your existing webserver while also allowing Synapse to
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provision certificates as needed.
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For nginx users, add the following line to your existing ``server`` block::
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location /.well-known/acme-challenge {
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proxy_pass http://localhost:8009/;
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}
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For Apache, add the following to your existing webserver config::
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ProxyPass /.well-known/acme-challenge http://localhost:8009/.well-known/acme-challenge
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Make sure to restart/reload your webserver after making changes.
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**Authbind**
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``authbind`` allows a program which does not run as root to bind to
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low-numbered ports in a controlled way. The setup is simpler, but requires a
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webserver not to already be running on port 80. **This includes every time
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Synapse renews a certificate**, which may be cumbersome if you usually run a
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web server on port 80. Nevertheless, if you're sure port 80 is not being used
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for any other purpose then all that is necessary is the following:
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Install ``authbind``. For example, on Debian/Ubuntu::
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sudo apt-get install authbind
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Allow ``authbind`` to bind port 80::
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sudo touch /etc/authbind/byport/80
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sudo chmod 777 /etc/authbind/byport/80
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When Synapse is started, use the following syntax::
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authbind --deep <synapse start command>
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Finally, once Synapse's is able to listen on port 80 for ACME challenge
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requests, it must be told to perform ACME provisioning by setting ``enabled``
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to true under the ``acme`` section in ``homeserver.yaml``::
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acme:
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enabled: true
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Apart from port 8448 using TLS, both ports are the same in the default
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configuration.
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Registering a user
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------------------
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@ -281,10 +348,11 @@ following the recommended setup, or ``https://localhost:8448`` - remember to spe
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port (``:8448``) if not ``:443`` unless you changed the configuration. (Leave the identity
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server as the default - see `Identity servers`_.)
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If using port 8448 you will run into errors until you accept the self-signed
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certificate. You can easily do this by going to ``https://localhost:8448``
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If using port 8448 you will run into errors if you are using a self-signed
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certificate. To overcome this, simply go to ``https://localhost:8448``
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directly with your browser and accept the presented certificate. You can then
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go back in your web client and proceed further.
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go back in your web client and proceed further. Valid federation certificates
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should not have this problem.
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If all goes well you should at least be able to log in, create a room, and
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start sending messages.
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@ -553,9 +621,7 @@ you to run your server on a machine that might not have the same name as your
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domain name. For example, you might want to run your server at
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``synapse.example.com``, but have your Matrix user-ids look like
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``@user:example.com``. (A SRV record also allows you to change the port from
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the default 8448. However, if you are thinking of using a reverse-proxy on the
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federation port, which is not recommended, be sure to read
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`Reverse-proxying the federation port`_ first.)
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the default 8448).
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To use a SRV record, first create your SRV record and publish it in DNS. This
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should have the format ``_matrix._tcp.<yourdomain.com> <ttl> IN SRV 10 0 <port>
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@ -593,6 +659,8 @@ Troubleshooting
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You can use the federation tester to check if your homeserver is all set:
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``https://matrix.org/federationtester/api/report?server_name=<your_server_name>``
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If any of the attributes under "checks" is false, federation won't work.
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There is also a nicer interface available from a community member at
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`<https://neo.lain.haus/fed-tester>`_.
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The typical failure mode with federation is that when you try to join a room,
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it is rejected with "401: Unauthorized". Generally this means that other
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@ -601,8 +669,6 @@ complicated dance which requires connections in both directions).
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So, things to check are:
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* If you are trying to use a reverse-proxy, read `Reverse-proxying the
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federation port`_.
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* If you are not using a SRV record, check that your ``server_name`` (the part
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of your user-id after the ``:``) matches your hostname, and that port 8448 on
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that hostname is reachable from outside your network.
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@ -657,14 +723,8 @@ port. Indeed, clients will use port 443 by default, whereas servers default to
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port 8448. Where these are different, we refer to the 'client port' and the
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'federation port'.
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The next most important thing to know is that using a reverse-proxy on the
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federation port has a number of pitfalls. It is possible, but be sure to read
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`Reverse-proxying the federation port`_.
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The recommended setup is therefore to configure your reverse-proxy on port 443
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to port 8008 of synapse for client connections, but to also directly expose port
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8448 for server-server connections. All the Matrix endpoints begin ``/_matrix``,
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so an example nginx configuration might look like::
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All Matrix endpoints begin with ``/_matrix``, so an example nginx
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configuration for forwarding client connections to Synapse might look like::
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server {
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listen 443 ssl;
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@ -705,64 +765,6 @@ Having done so, you can then use ``https://matrix.example.com`` (instead of
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``https://matrix.example.com:8448``) as the "Custom server" when `Connecting to
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Synapse from a client`_.
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Reverse-proxying the federation port
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------------------------------------
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There are two issues to consider before using a reverse-proxy on the federation
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port:
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* Due to the way SSL certificates are managed in the Matrix federation protocol
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(see `spec`__), Synapse needs to be configured with the path to the SSL
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certificate, *even if you do not terminate SSL at Synapse*.
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.. __: `key_management`_
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* Until v0.33.3, Synapse did not support SNI on the federation port
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(`bug #1491 <https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/1491>`_). This bug
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is now fixed, but means that federating with older servers can be unreliable
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when using name-based virtual hosting.
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Furthermore, a number of the normal reasons for using a reverse-proxy do not
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apply:
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* Other servers will connect on port 8448 by default, so there is no need to
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listen on port 443 (for federation, at least), which avoids the need for root
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privileges and virtual hosting.
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* A self-signed SSL certificate is fine for federation, so there is no need to
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automate renewals. (The certificate generated by ``--generate-config`` is
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valid for 10 years.)
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If you want to set up a reverse-proxy on the federation port despite these
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caveats, you will need to do the following:
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* In ``homeserver.yaml``, set ``tls_certificate_path`` to the path to the SSL
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certificate file used by your reverse-proxy, and set ``no_tls`` to ``True``.
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(``tls_private_key_path`` will be ignored if ``no_tls`` is ``True``.)
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* In your reverse-proxy configuration:
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* If there are other virtual hosts on the same port, make sure that the
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*default* one uses the certificate configured above.
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* Forward ``/_matrix`` to Synapse.
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* If your reverse-proxy is not listening on port 8448, publish a SRV record to
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tell other servers how to find you. See `Setting up Federation`_.
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When updating the SSL certificate, just update the file pointed to by
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``tls_certificate_path`` and then restart Synapse. (You may like to use a symbolic link
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to help make this process atomic.)
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The most common mistake when setting up federation is not to tell Synapse about
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your SSL certificate. To check it, you can visit
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``https://matrix.org/federationtester/api/report?server_name=<your_server_name>``.
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Unfortunately, there is no UI for this yet, but, you should see
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``"MatchingTLSFingerprint": true``. If not, check that
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``Certificates[0].SHA256Fingerprint`` (the fingerprint of the certificate
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presented by your reverse-proxy) matches ``Keys.tls_fingerprints[0].sha256``
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(the fingerprint of the certificate Synapse is using).
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Identity Servers
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================
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1
changelog.d/4547.misc
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1
changelog.d/4547.misc
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
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Add docs for ACME setup to README.
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