Add type hints for HTTP and email pushers. (#8880)

changelog.d/8880.misc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add type hints to push module.

mypy.ini

@@ -55,7 +55,10 @@ files =
   synapse/metrics,
   synapse/module_api,
   synapse/notifier.py,
+  synapse/push/emailpusher.py,
+  synapse/push/httppusher.py,
   synapse/push/mailer.py,
+  synapse/push/pusher.py,
   synapse/push/pusherpool.py,
   synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py,
   synapse/replication,

synapse/push/__init__.py

@@ -13,6 +13,56 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import abc
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.app.homeserver import HomeServer
+
+
+class Pusher(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer", pusherdict: Dict[str, Any]):
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
+        self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
+
+        self.pusher_id = pusherdict["id"]
+        self.user_id = pusherdict["user_name"]
+        self.app_id = pusherdict["app_id"]
+        self.pushkey = pusherdict["pushkey"]
+
+        # This is the highest stream ordering we know it's safe to process.
+        # When new events arrive, we'll be given a window of new events: we
+        # should honour this rather than just looking for anything higher
+        # because of potential out-of-order event serialisation. This starts
+        # off as None though as we don't know any better.
+        self.max_stream_ordering = None  # type: Optional[int]
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def on_new_notifications(self, max_token: RoomStreamToken) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def on_new_receipts(self, min_stream_id: int, max_stream_id: int) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def on_started(self, have_notifs: bool) -> None:
+        """Called when this pusher has been started.
+
+        Args:
+            should_check_for_notifs: Whether we should immediately
+                check for push to send. Set to False only if it's known there
+                is nothing to send
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def on_stop(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
 
 class PusherConfigException(Exception):
     """An error occurred when creating a pusher."""

synapse/push/emailpusher.py

@@ -14,12 +14,19 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional
 
+from twisted.internet.base import DelayedCall
 from twisted.internet.error import AlreadyCalled, AlreadyCancelled
 
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.push import Pusher
+from synapse.push.mailer import Mailer
 from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.app.homeserver import HomeServer
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # The amount of time we always wait before ever emailing about a notification
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@ THROTTLE_RESET_AFTER_MS = 12 * 60 * 60 * 1000
 INCLUDE_ALL_UNREAD_NOTIFS = False
 
 
-class EmailPusher:
+class EmailPusher(Pusher):
     """
     A pusher that sends email notifications about events (approximately)
     when they happen.
@@ -54,37 +61,31 @@ class EmailPusher:
     factor out the common parts
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, hs, pusherdict, mailer):
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer", pusherdict: Dict[str, Any], mailer: Mailer):
-        self.hs = hs
+        super().__init__(hs, pusherdict)
         self.mailer = mailer
 
         self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
-        self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
-        self.pusher_id = pusherdict["id"]
-        self.user_id = pusherdict["user_name"]
-        self.app_id = pusherdict["app_id"]
         self.email = pusherdict["pushkey"]
         self.last_stream_ordering = pusherdict["last_stream_ordering"]
-        self.timed_call = None
+        self.timed_call = None  # type: Optional[DelayedCall]
-        self.throttle_params = None
+        self.throttle_params = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]]
-
+        self._inited = False
-        # See httppusher
-        self.max_stream_ordering = None
 
         self._is_processing = False
 
-    def on_started(self, should_check_for_notifs):
+    def on_started(self, should_check_for_notifs: bool) -> None:
         """Called when this pusher has been started.
 
         Args:
-            should_check_for_notifs (bool): Whether we should immediately
+            should_check_for_notifs: Whether we should immediately
                 check for push to send. Set to False only if it's known there
                 is nothing to send
         """
         if should_check_for_notifs and self.mailer is not None:
             self._start_processing()
 
-    def on_stop(self):
+    def on_stop(self) -> None:
         if self.timed_call:
             try:
                 self.timed_call.cancel()
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class EmailPusher:
                 pass
             self.timed_call = None
 
-    def on_new_notifications(self, max_token: RoomStreamToken):
+    def on_new_notifications(self, max_token: RoomStreamToken) -> None:
         # We just use the minimum stream ordering and ignore the vector clock
         # component. This is safe to do as long as we *always* ignore the vector
         # clock components.
@@ -106,23 +107,23 @@ class EmailPusher:
             self.max_stream_ordering = max_stream_ordering
         self._start_processing()
 
-    def on_new_receipts(self, min_stream_id, max_stream_id):
+    def on_new_receipts(self, min_stream_id: int, max_stream_id: int) -> None:
         # We could wake up and cancel the timer but there tend to be quite a
         # lot of read receipts so it's probably less work to just let the
         # timer fire
         pass
 
-    def on_timer(self):
+    def on_timer(self) -> None:
         self.timed_call = None
         self._start_processing()
 
-    def _start_processing(self):
+    def _start_processing(self) -> None:
         if self._is_processing:
             return
 
         run_as_background_process("emailpush.process", self._process)
 
-    def _pause_processing(self):
+    def _pause_processing(self) -> None:
         """Used by tests to temporarily pause processing of events.
 
         Asserts that its not currently processing.
@@ -130,25 +131,26 @@ class EmailPusher:
         assert not self._is_processing
         self._is_processing = True
 
-    def _resume_processing(self):
+    def _resume_processing(self) -> None:
         """Used by tests to resume processing of events after pausing.
         """
         assert self._is_processing
         self._is_processing = False
         self._start_processing()
 
-    async def _process(self):
+    async def _process(self) -> None:
         # we should never get here if we are already processing
         assert not self._is_processing
 
         try:
             self._is_processing = True
 
-            if self.throttle_params is None:
+            if not self._inited:
                 # this is our first loop: load up the throttle params
                 self.throttle_params = await self.store.get_throttle_params_by_room(
                     self.pusher_id
                 )
+                self._inited = True
 
             # if the max ordering changes while we're running _unsafe_process,
             # call it again, and so on until we've caught up.
@@ -163,17 +165,19 @@ class EmailPusher:
         finally:
             self._is_processing = False
 
-    async def _unsafe_process(self):
+    async def _unsafe_process(self) -> None:
         """
         Main logic of the push loop without the wrapper function that sets
         up logging, measures and guards against multiple instances of it
         being run.
         """
         start = 0 if INCLUDE_ALL_UNREAD_NOTIFS else self.last_stream_ordering
-        fn = self.store.get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_email
+        assert self.max_stream_ordering is not None
-        unprocessed = await fn(self.user_id, start, self.max_stream_ordering)
+        unprocessed = await self.store.get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_email(
+            self.user_id, start, self.max_stream_ordering
+        )
 
-        soonest_due_at = None
+        soonest_due_at = None  # type: Optional[int]
 
         if not unprocessed:
             await self.save_last_stream_ordering_and_success(self.max_stream_ordering)
@@ -230,7 +234,9 @@ class EmailPusher:
                 self.seconds_until(soonest_due_at), self.on_timer
             )
 
-    async def save_last_stream_ordering_and_success(self, last_stream_ordering):
+    async def save_last_stream_ordering_and_success(
+        self, last_stream_ordering: Optional[int]
+    ) -> None:
         if last_stream_ordering is None:
             # This happens if we haven't yet processed anything
             return
@@ -248,27 +254,29 @@ class EmailPusher:
             # lets just stop and return.
             self.on_stop()
 
-    def seconds_until(self, ts_msec):
+    def seconds_until(self, ts_msec: int) -> float:
         secs = (ts_msec - self.clock.time_msec()) / 1000
         return max(secs, 0)
 
-    def get_room_throttle_ms(self, room_id):
+    def get_room_throttle_ms(self, room_id: str) -> int:
         if room_id in self.throttle_params:
             return self.throttle_params[room_id]["throttle_ms"]
         else:
             return 0
 
-    def get_room_last_sent_ts(self, room_id):
+    def get_room_last_sent_ts(self, room_id: str) -> int:
         if room_id in self.throttle_params:
             return self.throttle_params[room_id]["last_sent_ts"]
         else:
             return 0
 
-    def room_ready_to_notify_at(self, room_id):
+    def room_ready_to_notify_at(self, room_id: str) -> int:
         """
         Determines whether throttling should prevent us from sending an email
         for the given room
-        Returns: The timestamp when we are next allowed to send an email notif
+
+        Returns:
+            The timestamp when we are next allowed to send an email notif
             for this room
         """
         last_sent_ts = self.get_room_last_sent_ts(room_id)
@@ -277,7 +285,9 @@ class EmailPusher:
         may_send_at = last_sent_ts + throttle_ms
         return may_send_at
 
-    async def sent_notif_update_throttle(self, room_id, notified_push_action):
+    async def sent_notif_update_throttle(
+        self, room_id: str, notified_push_action: dict
+    ) -> None:
         # We have sent a notification, so update the throttle accordingly.
         # If the event that triggered the notif happened more than
         # THROTTLE_RESET_AFTER_MS after the previous one that triggered a
@@ -315,7 +325,7 @@ class EmailPusher:
             self.pusher_id, room_id, self.throttle_params[room_id]
         )
 
-    async def send_notification(self, push_actions, reason):
+    async def send_notification(self, push_actions: List[dict], reason: dict) -> None:
         logger.info("Sending notif email for user %r", self.user_id)
 
         await self.mailer.send_notification_mail(

synapse/push/httppusher.py

@@ -15,19 +15,24 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
 import urllib.parse
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, Union
 
 from prometheus_client import Counter
 
 from twisted.internet.error import AlreadyCalled, AlreadyCancelled
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.logging import opentracing
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.push import PusherConfigException
+from synapse.push import Pusher, PusherConfigException
 from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
 
 from . import push_rule_evaluator, push_tools
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.app.homeserver import HomeServer
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 http_push_processed_counter = Counter(
@@ -51,24 +56,18 @@ http_badges_failed_counter = Counter(
 )
 
 
-class HttpPusher:
+class HttpPusher(Pusher):
     INITIAL_BACKOFF_SEC = 1  # in seconds because that's what Twisted takes
     MAX_BACKOFF_SEC = 60 * 60
 
     # This one's in ms because we compare it against the clock
     GIVE_UP_AFTER_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
 
-    def __init__(self, hs, pusherdict):
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer", pusherdict: Dict[str, Any]):
-        self.hs = hs
+        super().__init__(hs, pusherdict)
-        self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
         self.storage = self.hs.get_storage()
-        self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
-        self.state_handler = self.hs.get_state_handler()
-        self.user_id = pusherdict["user_name"]
-        self.app_id = pusherdict["app_id"]
         self.app_display_name = pusherdict["app_display_name"]
         self.device_display_name = pusherdict["device_display_name"]
-        self.pushkey = pusherdict["pushkey"]
         self.pushkey_ts = pusherdict["ts"]
         self.data = pusherdict["data"]
         self.last_stream_ordering = pusherdict["last_stream_ordering"]
@@ -78,13 +77,6 @@ class HttpPusher:
         self._is_processing = False
         self._group_unread_count_by_room = hs.config.push_group_unread_count_by_room
 
-        # This is the highest stream ordering we know it's safe to process.
-        # When new events arrive, we'll be given a window of new events: we
-        # should honour this rather than just looking for anything higher
-        # because of potential out-of-order event serialisation. This starts
-        # off as None though as we don't know any better.
-        self.max_stream_ordering = None
-
         if "data" not in pusherdict:
             raise PusherConfigException("No 'data' key for HTTP pusher")
         self.data = pusherdict["data"]
@@ -119,18 +111,18 @@ class HttpPusher:
         self.data_minus_url.update(self.data)
         del self.data_minus_url["url"]
 
-    def on_started(self, should_check_for_notifs):
+    def on_started(self, should_check_for_notifs: bool) -> None:
         """Called when this pusher has been started.
 
         Args:
-            should_check_for_notifs (bool): Whether we should immediately
+            should_check_for_notifs: Whether we should immediately
                 check for push to send. Set to False only if it's known there
                 is nothing to send
         """
         if should_check_for_notifs:
             self._start_processing()
 
-    def on_new_notifications(self, max_token: RoomStreamToken):
+    def on_new_notifications(self, max_token: RoomStreamToken) -> None:
         # We just use the minimum stream ordering and ignore the vector clock
         # component. This is safe to do as long as we *always* ignore the vector
         # clock components.
@@ -141,14 +133,14 @@ class HttpPusher:
         )
         self._start_processing()
 
-    def on_new_receipts(self, min_stream_id, max_stream_id):
+    def on_new_receipts(self, min_stream_id: int, max_stream_id: int) -> None:
         # Note that the min here shouldn't be relied upon to be accurate.
 
         # We could check the receipts are actually m.read receipts here,
         # but currently that's the only type of receipt anyway...
         run_as_background_process("http_pusher.on_new_receipts", self._update_badge)
 
-    async def _update_badge(self):
+    async def _update_badge(self) -> None:
         # XXX as per https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/issues/2627, this seems
         # to be largely redundant. perhaps we can remove it.
         badge = await push_tools.get_badge_count(
@@ -158,10 +150,10 @@ class HttpPusher:
         )
         await self._send_badge(badge)
 
-    def on_timer(self):
+    def on_timer(self) -> None:
         self._start_processing()
 
-    def on_stop(self):
+    def on_stop(self) -> None:
         if self.timed_call:
             try:
                 self.timed_call.cancel()
@@ -169,13 +161,13 @@ class HttpPusher:
                 pass
             self.timed_call = None
 
-    def _start_processing(self):
+    def _start_processing(self) -> None:
         if self._is_processing:
             return
 
         run_as_background_process("httppush.process", self._process)
 
-    async def _process(self):
+    async def _process(self) -> None:
         # we should never get here if we are already processing
         assert not self._is_processing
 
@@ -194,7 +186,7 @@ class HttpPusher:
         finally:
             self._is_processing = False
 
-    async def _unsafe_process(self):
+    async def _unsafe_process(self) -> None:
         """
         Looks for unset notifications and dispatch them, in order
         Never call this directly: use _process which will only allow this to
@@ -202,6 +194,7 @@ class HttpPusher:
         """
 
         fn = self.store.get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_http
+        assert self.max_stream_ordering is not None
         unprocessed = await fn(
             self.user_id, self.last_stream_ordering, self.max_stream_ordering
         )
@@ -271,17 +264,12 @@ class HttpPusher:
                     )
                     self.backoff_delay = HttpPusher.INITIAL_BACKOFF_SEC
                     self.last_stream_ordering = push_action["stream_ordering"]
-                    pusher_still_exists = await self.store.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(
+                    await self.store.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(
                         self.app_id,
                         self.pushkey,
                         self.user_id,
                         self.last_stream_ordering,
                     )
-                    if not pusher_still_exists:
-                        # The pusher has been deleted while we were processing, so
-                        # lets just stop and return.
-                        self.on_stop()
-                        return
 
                     self.failing_since = None
                     await self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
@@ -297,7 +285,7 @@ class HttpPusher:
                     )
                     break
 
-    async def _process_one(self, push_action):
+    async def _process_one(self, push_action: dict) -> bool:
         if "notify" not in push_action["actions"]:
             return True
 
@@ -328,7 +316,9 @@ class HttpPusher:
                     await self.hs.remove_pusher(self.app_id, pk, self.user_id)
         return True
 
-    async def _build_notification_dict(self, event, tweaks, badge):
+    async def _build_notification_dict(
+        self, event: EventBase, tweaks: Dict[str, bool], badge: int
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         priority = "low"
         if (
             event.type == EventTypes.Encrypted
@@ -358,9 +348,7 @@ class HttpPusher:
             }
             return d
 
-        ctx = await push_tools.get_context_for_event(
+        ctx = await push_tools.get_context_for_event(self.storage, event, self.user_id)
-            self.storage, self.state_handler, event, self.user_id
-        )
 
         d = {
             "notification": {
@@ -400,7 +388,9 @@ class HttpPusher:
 
         return d
 
-    async def dispatch_push(self, event, tweaks, badge):
+    async def dispatch_push(
+        self, event: EventBase, tweaks: Dict[str, bool], badge: int
+    ) -> Union[bool, Iterable[str]]:
         notification_dict = await self._build_notification_dict(event, tweaks, badge)
         if not notification_dict:
             return []

synapse/push/push_tools.py

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+from typing import Dict
+
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.push.presentable_names import calculate_room_name, name_from_member_event
 from synapse.storage import Storage
 from synapse.storage.databases.main import DataStore
@@ -46,7 +49,9 @@ async def get_badge_count(store: DataStore, user_id: str, group_by_room: bool) -
     return badge
 
 
-async def get_context_for_event(storage: Storage, state_handler, ev, user_id):
+async def get_context_for_event(
+    storage: Storage, ev: EventBase, user_id: str
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
     ctx = {}
 
     room_state_ids = await storage.state.get_state_ids_for_event(ev.event_id)

synapse/push/pusher.py

@@ -14,25 +14,31 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Optional
 
+from synapse.push import Pusher
 from synapse.push.emailpusher import EmailPusher
+from synapse.push.httppusher import HttpPusher
 from synapse.push.mailer import Mailer
 
-from .httppusher import HttpPusher
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from synapse.app.homeserver import HomeServer
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class PusherFactory:
-    def __init__(self, hs):
+    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
         self.hs = hs
         self.config = hs.config
 
-        self.pusher_types = {"http": HttpPusher}
+        self.pusher_types = {
+            "http": HttpPusher
+        }  # type: Dict[str, Callable[[HomeServer, dict], Pusher]]
 
         logger.info("email enable notifs: %r", hs.config.email_enable_notifs)
         if hs.config.email_enable_notifs:
-            self.mailers = {}  # app_name -> Mailer
+            self.mailers = {}  # type: Dict[str, Mailer]
 
             self._notif_template_html = hs.config.email_notif_template_html
             self._notif_template_text = hs.config.email_notif_template_text
@@ -41,7 +47,7 @@ class PusherFactory:
 
             logger.info("defined email pusher type")
 
-    def create_pusher(self, pusherdict):
+    def create_pusher(self, pusherdict: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[Pusher]:
         kind = pusherdict["kind"]
         f = self.pusher_types.get(kind, None)
         if not f:
@@ -49,7 +55,9 @@ class PusherFactory:
         logger.debug("creating %s pusher for %r", kind, pusherdict)
         return f(self.hs, pusherdict)
 
-    def _create_email_pusher(self, _hs, pusherdict):
+    def _create_email_pusher(
+        self, _hs: "HomeServer", pusherdict: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> EmailPusher:
         app_name = self._app_name_from_pusherdict(pusherdict)
         mailer = self.mailers.get(app_name)
         if not mailer:
@@ -62,7 +70,7 @@ class PusherFactory:
             self.mailers[app_name] = mailer
         return EmailPusher(self.hs, pusherdict, mailer)
 
-    def _app_name_from_pusherdict(self, pusherdict):
+    def _app_name_from_pusherdict(self, pusherdict: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
         data = pusherdict["data"]
 
         if isinstance(data, dict):

synapse/push/pusherpool.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from prometheus_client import Gauge
 
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import (
     run_as_background_process,
     wrap_as_background_process,
 )
-from synapse.push import PusherConfigException
+from synapse.push import Pusher, PusherConfigException
-from synapse.push.emailpusher import EmailPusher
-from synapse.push.httppusher import HttpPusher
 from synapse.push.pusher import PusherFactory
 from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import concurrently_execute
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ class PusherPool:
         self._last_room_stream_id_seen = self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
 
         # map from user id to app_id:pushkey to pusher
-        self.pushers = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, Union[HttpPusher, EmailPusher]]]
+        self.pushers = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, Pusher]]
 
     def start(self):
         """Starts the pushers off in a background process.
@@ -99,11 +97,11 @@ class PusherPool:
         lang,
         data,
         profile_tag="",
-    ):
+    ) -> Optional[Pusher]:
         """Creates a new pusher and adds it to the pool
 
         Returns:
-            EmailPusher|HttpPusher
+            The newly created pusher.
         """
 
         time_now_msec = self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -267,17 +265,19 @@ class PusherPool:
         except Exception:
             logger.exception("Exception in pusher on_new_receipts")
 
-    async def start_pusher_by_id(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id):
+    async def start_pusher_by_id(
+        self, app_id: str, pushkey: str, user_id: str
+    ) -> Optional[Pusher]:
         """Look up the details for the given pusher, and start it
 
         Returns:
-            EmailPusher|HttpPusher|None: The pusher started, if any
+            The pusher started, if any
         """
         if not self._should_start_pushers:
-            return
+            return None
 
         if not self._pusher_shard_config.should_handle(self._instance_name, user_id):
-            return
+            return None
 
         resultlist = await self.store.get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(app_id, pushkey)
 
@@ -303,19 +303,19 @@ class PusherPool:
 
         logger.info("Started pushers")
 
-    async def _start_pusher(self, pusherdict):
+    async def _start_pusher(self, pusherdict: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[Pusher]:
         """Start the given pusher
 
         Args:
-            pusherdict (dict): dict with the values pulled from the db table
+            pusherdict: dict with the values pulled from the db table
 
         Returns:
-            EmailPusher|HttpPusher
+            The newly created pusher or None.
         """
         if not self._pusher_shard_config.should_handle(
             self._instance_name, pusherdict["user_name"]
         ):
-            return
+            return None
 
         try:
             p = self.pusher_factory.create_pusher(pusherdict)
@@ -328,15 +328,15 @@ class PusherPool:
                 pusherdict.get("pushkey"),
                 e,
             )
-            return
+            return None
         except Exception:
             logger.exception(
                 "Couldn't start pusher id %i: caught Exception", pusherdict["id"],
             )
-            return
+            return None
 
         if not p:
-            return
+            return None
 
         appid_pushkey = "%s:%s" % (pusherdict["app_id"], pusherdict["pushkey"])