Prior to this PR, remote downloads which did not provide a
`content-length` were decremented from the remote download ratelimiter
at the max allowable size, leading to excessive ratelimiting - see
https://github.com/element-hq/synapse/issues/17394.
This PR adds a linearizer to limit concurrent remote downloads to 6 per
IP address, and decrements remote downloads without a `content-length`
from the ratelimiter *after* the download is complete and the response
length is known.
Also adds logic to ensure that responses with a known length respect the
`max_download_size`.
When a module rejects a piece of media we end up trying to close the
same logging context twice.
Instead of fixing the existing code we refactor to use an async context
manager, which is easier to write correctly.
