This makes it easier to use in an async/await world.
Also fixes a bug where cache descriptors would occaisonally return a raw
value rather than a deferred.
There was some inconsistent behaviour in the caching layer around how
exceptions were handled - particularly synchronously-thrown ones.
This seems to be most easily handled by pushing the creation of
ObservableDeferreds down from CacheDescriptor to the Cache.
a61738b removed a call to run_on_reactor from a unit test, but that call was
doing something useful, in making the function in question asynchronous.
Reinstate the call and add a check that we are testing what we wanted to be
testing.
The cache wrappers had a habit of leaking the logcontext into the reactor while
the lookup function was running, and then not restoring it correctly when the
lookup function had completed. It's all the fault of
`preserve_context_over_{fn,deferred}` which are basically a bit broken.
The `@cached` decorator on `KeyStore._get_server_verify_key` was missing
its `num_args` parameter, which meant that it was returning the wrong key for
any server which had more than one recorded key.
By way of a fix, change the default for `num_args` to be *all* arguments. To
implement that, factor out a common base class for `CacheDescriptor` and `CacheListDescriptor`.
