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250 lines
11 KiB
ReStructuredText
=========================================================================
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Synapse |support| |development| |documentation| |license| |pypi| |python|
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=========================================================================
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Synapse is an open-source `Matrix <https://matrix.org/>`_ homeserver written and
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maintained by the Matrix.org Foundation. We began rapid development in 2014,
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reaching v1.0.0 in 2019. Development on Synapse and the Matrix protocol itself continues
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in earnest today.
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Briefly, Matrix is an open standard for communications on the internet, supporting
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federation, encryption and VoIP. Matrix.org has more to say about the `goals of the
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Matrix project <https://matrix.org/docs/guides/introduction>`_, and the `formal specification
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<https://spec.matrix.org/>`_ describes the technical details.
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.. contents::
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Installing and configuration
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============================
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The Synapse documentation describes `how to install Synapse <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/setup/installation.html>`_. We recommend using
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`Docker images <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/setup/installation.html#docker-images-and-ansible-playbooks>`_ or `Debian packages from Matrix.org
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<https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/setup/installation.html#matrixorg-packages>`_.
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.. _federation:
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Synapse has a variety of `config options
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<https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/usage/configuration/config_documentation.html>`_
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which can be used to customise its behaviour after installation.
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There are additional details on how to `configure Synapse for federation here
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<https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/federate.html>`_.
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.. _reverse-proxy:
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Using a reverse proxy with Synapse
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----------------------------------
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It is recommended to put a reverse proxy such as
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`nginx <https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html>`_,
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`Apache <https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_proxy_http.html>`_,
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`Caddy <https://caddyserver.com/docs/quick-starts/reverse-proxy>`_,
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`HAProxy <https://www.haproxy.org/>`_ or
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`relayd <https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8>`_ in front of Synapse. One advantage of
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doing so is that it means that you can expose the default https port (443) to
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Matrix clients without needing to run Synapse with root privileges.
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For information on configuring one, see `the reverse proxy docs
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<https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/reverse_proxy.html>`_.
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Upgrading an existing Synapse
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-----------------------------
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The instructions for upgrading Synapse are in `the upgrade notes`_.
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Please check these instructions as upgrading may require extra steps for some
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versions of Synapse.
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.. _the upgrade notes: https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/develop/upgrade.html
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Platform dependencies
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---------------------
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Synapse uses a number of platform dependencies such as Python and PostgreSQL,
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and aims to follow supported upstream versions. See the
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`deprecation policy <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/deprecation_policy.html>`_
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for more details.
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Security note
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-------------
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Matrix serves raw, user-supplied data in some APIs -- specifically the `content
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repository endpoints`_.
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.. _content repository endpoints: https://matrix.org/docs/spec/client_server/latest.html#get-matrix-media-r0-download-servername-mediaid
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Whilst we make a reasonable effort to mitigate against XSS attacks (for
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instance, by using `CSP`_), a Matrix homeserver should not be hosted on a
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domain hosting other web applications. This especially applies to sharing
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the domain with Matrix web clients and other sensitive applications like
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webmail. See
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https://developer.github.com/changes/2014-04-25-user-content-security for more
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information.
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.. _CSP: https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/1021
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Ideally, the homeserver should not simply be on a different subdomain, but on
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a completely different `registered domain`_ (also known as top-level site or
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eTLD+1). This is because `some attacks`_ are still possible as long as the two
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applications share the same registered domain.
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.. _registered domain: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-03#section-2.3
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.. _some attacks: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_fixation#Attacks_using_cross-subdomain_cookie
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To illustrate this with an example, if your Element Web or other sensitive web
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application is hosted on ``A.example1.com``, you should ideally host Synapse on
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``example2.com``. Some amount of protection is offered by hosting on
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``B.example1.com`` instead, so this is also acceptable in some scenarios.
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However, you should *not* host your Synapse on ``A.example1.com``.
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Note that all of the above refers exclusively to the domain used in Synapse's
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``public_baseurl`` setting. In particular, it has no bearing on the domain
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mentioned in MXIDs hosted on that server.
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Following this advice ensures that even if an XSS is found in Synapse, the
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impact to other applications will be minimal.
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Testing a new installation
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==========================
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The easiest way to try out your new Synapse installation is by connecting to it
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from a web client.
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Unless you are running a test instance of Synapse on your local machine, in
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general, you will need to enable TLS support before you can successfully
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connect from a client: see
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`TLS certificates <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/setup/installation.html#tls-certificates>`_.
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An easy way to get started is to login or register via Element at
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https://app.element.io/#/login or https://app.element.io/#/register respectively.
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You will need to change the server you are logging into from ``matrix.org``
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and instead specify a Homeserver URL of ``https://<server_name>:8448``
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(or just ``https://<server_name>`` if you are using a reverse proxy).
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If you prefer to use another client, refer to our
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`client breakdown <https://matrix.org/ecosystem/clients/>`_.
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If all goes well you should at least be able to log in, create a room, and
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start sending messages.
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.. _`client-user-reg`:
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Registering a new user from a client
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------------------------------------
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By default, registration of new users via Matrix clients is disabled. To enable
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it:
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1. In the
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`registration config section <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#registration>`_
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set ``enable_registration: true`` in ``homeserver.yaml``.
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2. Then **either**:
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a. set up a `CAPTCHA <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/CAPTCHA_SETUP.html>`_, or
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b. set ``enable_registration_without_verification: true`` in ``homeserver.yaml``.
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We **strongly** recommend using a CAPTCHA, particularly if your homeserver is exposed to
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the public internet. Without it, anyone can freely register accounts on your homeserver.
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This can be exploited by attackers to create spambots targetting the rest of the Matrix
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federation.
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Your new user name will be formed partly from the ``server_name``, and partly
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from a localpart you specify when you create the account. Your name will take
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the form of::
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@localpart:my.domain.name
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(pronounced "at localpart on my dot domain dot name").
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As when logging in, you will need to specify a "Custom server". Specify your
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desired ``localpart`` in the 'User name' box.
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Troubleshooting and support
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===========================
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The `Admin FAQ <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/usage/administration/admin_faq.html>`_
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includes tips on dealing with some common problems. For more details, see
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`Synapse's wider documentation <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/>`_.
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For additional support installing or managing Synapse, please ask in the community
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support room |room|_ (from a matrix.org account if necessary). We do not use GitHub
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issues for support requests, only for bug reports and feature requests.
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.. |room| replace:: ``#synapse:matrix.org``
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.. _room: https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org
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.. |docs| replace:: ``docs``
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.. _docs: docs
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Identity Servers
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================
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Identity servers have the job of mapping email addresses and other 3rd Party
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IDs (3PIDs) to Matrix user IDs, as well as verifying the ownership of 3PIDs
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before creating that mapping.
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**They are not where accounts or credentials are stored - these live on home
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servers. Identity Servers are just for mapping 3rd party IDs to matrix IDs.**
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This process is very security-sensitive, as there is obvious risk of spam if it
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is too easy to sign up for Matrix accounts or harvest 3PID data. In the longer
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term, we hope to create a decentralised system to manage it (`matrix-doc #712
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<https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/issues/712>`_), but in the meantime,
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the role of managing trusted identity in the Matrix ecosystem is farmed out to
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a cluster of known trusted ecosystem partners, who run 'Matrix Identity
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Servers' such as `Sydent <https://github.com/matrix-org/sydent>`_, whose role
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is purely to authenticate and track 3PID logins and publish end-user public
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keys.
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You can host your own copy of Sydent, but this will prevent you reaching other
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users in the Matrix ecosystem via their email address, and prevent them finding
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you. We therefore recommend that you use one of the centralised identity servers
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at ``https://matrix.org`` or ``https://vector.im`` for now.
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To reiterate: the Identity server will only be used if you choose to associate
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an email address with your account, or send an invite to another user via their
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email address.
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Development
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===========
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We welcome contributions to Synapse from the community!
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The best place to get started is our
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`guide for contributors <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/development/contributing_guide.html>`_.
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This is part of our larger `documentation <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest>`_, which includes
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information for Synapse developers as well as Synapse administrators.
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Developers might be particularly interested in:
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* `Synapse's database schema <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/development/database_schema.html>`_,
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* `notes on Synapse's implementation details <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/development/internal_documentation/index.html>`_, and
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* `how we use git <https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/development/git.html>`_.
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Alongside all that, join our developer community on Matrix:
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`#synapse-dev:matrix.org <https://matrix.to/#/#synapse-dev:matrix.org>`_, featuring real humans!
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.. |support| image:: https://img.shields.io/matrix/synapse:matrix.org?label=support&logo=matrix
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:alt: (get support on #synapse:matrix.org)
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:target: https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org
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.. |development| image:: https://img.shields.io/matrix/synapse-dev:matrix.org?label=development&logo=matrix
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:alt: (discuss development on #synapse-dev:matrix.org)
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:target: https://matrix.to/#/#synapse-dev:matrix.org
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.. |documentation| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/documentation-%E2%9C%93-success
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:alt: (Rendered documentation on GitHub Pages)
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:target: https://element-hq.github.io/synapse/latest/
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.. |license| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/license/element-hq/synapse
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:alt: (check license in LICENSE file)
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:target: LICENSE
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.. |pypi| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/matrix-synapse
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:alt: (latest version released on PyPi)
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:target: https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse
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.. |python| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/matrix-synapse
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:alt: (supported python versions)
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:target: https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse
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