ansible/docsite/rst/playbooks_vault.rst

Vault

Topics

New in Ansible 1.5, "Vault" is a feature of ansible that allows keeping encrypted data in source control.

To enable this feature, a command line tool, ansible-vault is used to edit files, and a command line flag --ask-vault-pass or --vault-password-file is used.

What Can Be Encrypted With Vault

The vault feature can encrypt any structured data file used by Ansible. This can include "group_vars/" or "host_vars/" inventory variables, variables loaded by "include_vars" or "vars_files", or variable files passed on the ansible-playbook command line with "-e @file.yml" or "-e @file.json". Role variables and defaults are also included!

Because Ansible tasks, handlers, and so on are also data, these can also be encrypted with vault. If you'd like to not betray what variables you are even using, you can go as far to keep an individual task file entirely encrypted. However, that might be a little much and could annoy your coworkers :)

Creating Encrypted Files

To create a new encrypted data file, run the following command:

ansible-vault create foo.yml

First you will be prompted for a password. The password used with vault currently must be the same for all files you wish to use together at the same time.

After providing a password, the tool will launch whatever editor you have defined with $EDITOR, and defaults to vim. Once you are done with the editor session, the file will be saved as encrypted data.

The default cipher is AES (which is shared-secret based).

Editing Encrypted Files

To edit an encrypted file in place, use the ansible-vault edit command. This command will decrypt the file to a temporary file and allow you to edit the file, saving it back when done and removing the temporary file:

ansible-vault edit foo.yml

Rekeying Encrypted Files

Should you wish to change your password on a vault-encrypted file or files, you can do so with the rekey command:

ansible-vault rekey foo.yml bar.yml baz.yml

This command can rekey multiple data files at once and will ask for the original password and also the new password.

Encrypting Unencrypted Files

If you have existing files that you wish to encrypt, use the ansible-vault encrypt command. This command can operate on multiple files at once:

ansible-vault encrypt foo.yml bar.yml baz.yml

Decrypting Encrypted Files

If you have existing files that you no longer want to keep encrypted, you can permanently decrypt them by running the ansible-vault decrypt command. This command will save them unencrypted to the disk, so be sure you do not want ansible-vault edit instead:

ansible-vault decrypt foo.yml bar.yml baz.yml

Running a Playbook With Vault

To run a playbook that contains vault-encrypted data files, you must pass one of two flags. To specify the vault-password interactively:

ansible-playbook site.yml --ask-vault-pass

This prompt will then be used to decrypt (in memory only) any vault encrypted files that are accessed. Currently this requires that all passwords be encrypted with the same password.

Alternatively, passwords can be specified with a file. If this is done, be careful to ensure permissions on the file are such that no one else can access your key, and do not add your key to source control:

ansible-playbook site.yml --vault-password-file ~/.vault_pass.txt

The password should be a string stored as a single line in the file.

This is likely something you may wish to do if using Ansible from a continuous integration system like Jenkins.

(The --vault-password-file option can also be used with the ansible-pull command if you wish, though this would require distributing the keys to your nodes, so understand the implications -- vault is more intended for push mode).