176 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
176 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
Where can I learn PowerShell's syntax?
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======================================
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[SS64.com](http://ss64.com/ps/syntax.html) is a good resource.
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What are the best practices and style?
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======================================
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The [PoshCode][] unofficial guide is our reference.
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[PoshCode]: https://github.com/PoshCode/PowerShellPracticeAndStyle
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What are PowerShell's scoping rules?
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====================================
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- Variables are created in your current scope unless explicitly indicated.
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- Variables are visible in a child scope unless explicitly indicated.
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- Variables created in a child scope are not visible to a parent unless
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explicitly indicated.
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- Variables may be placed explicitly in a scope.
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Things that create a scope:
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---------------------------
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- [functions](http://ss64.com/ps/syntax-functions.html)
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- [call operator](http://ss64.com/ps/call.html) (`& { }`)
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- [script invocations](http://ss64.com/ps/syntax-run.html)
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Things that operate in the current scope:
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-----------------------------------------
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- [source operator](http://ss64.com/ps/source.html) (`. { }`)
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- [statements](http://ss64.com/ps/statements.html) (`if .. else`, `for`, `switch`, etc.)
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Why didn't an error throw an exception?
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=======================================
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Error handling in PowerShell is a bit weird, as not all errors result in
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catchable exceptions by default. Setting `$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'` will
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likely do what you want; that is, cause non-terminating errors to instead
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terminate. Read [An Introduction To Error Handling in PowerShell][error] for
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more information.
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[error]: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kebab/2013/06/09/an-introduction-to-error-handling-in-powershell/
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Why did my build fail?
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============================================
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There are few common issues with the build.
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The easiest way to resolve most issues with the build is to run `Start-PSBuild -Clean`.
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### Dependency changed
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If package dependencies were changed in any `project.json`, you need to manually
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run `dotnet restore` to update your local dependency graphs. `Start-PSBuild
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-Restore` can automatically do this.
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### Resource changed
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`Start-PSBuild` automatically calls `Start-ResGen` on the very first run.
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On subsequent runs, you may need to explicitly use `Start-PSBuild -ResGen` command.
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Try it, when you see compilation error about *strings.
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[More details](dev-process/resx-files.md) about resource.
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### TypeGen
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Similar to `-ResGen` parameter, there is `-TypeGen` parameter that trigger re-generation of type catalog.
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Why did `Start-PSBuild` tell me to update `dotnet`?
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===================================================
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We depend on the latest version of the .NET CLI, as we use the output of `dotnet
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--info` to determine the current runtime identifier. Without this information,
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our build function can't know where `dotnet` is going to place the build
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artifacts.
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You can automatically install this using `Start-PSBootstrap`.
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**However, you must first manually uninstall other versions of the CLI.**
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If you have installed via any of the following means:
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- MSI
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- `exe`
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- `apt-get`
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- `pkg`
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You *must* manually uninstall it.
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Additionally, if you've just unzipped their binary drops (or used their obtain
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scripts, which do essentially the same thing), you must manually delete the
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folder, as the .NET CLI team re-engineered how their binaries are setup, such
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that new packages' binaries get stomped on by old packages' binaries.
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Why is my submodule empty?
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==========================
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If a submodule (such as `src/Modules/Pester`) is empty, that means it is
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uninitialized. If you've already cloned, you can do this with:
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```sh
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git submodule init
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git submodule update
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```
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You can verify that the submodules were initialized properly with:
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```sh
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git submodule status
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```
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If they're initialized, it will look like this:
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```
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f23641488f8d7bf8630ca3496e61562aa3a64009 src/Modules/Pester (f23641488)
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c99458533a9b4c743ed51537e25989ea55944908 src/libpsl-native/test/googletest (release-1.7.0)
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```
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If they're not, there will be minuses in front (and the folders will
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be empty):
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```
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-f23641488f8d7bf8630ca3496e61562aa3a64009 src/Modules/Pester (f23641488)
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-c99458533a9b4c743ed51537e25989ea55944908 src/libpsl-native/test/googletest (release-1.7.0)
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```
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Please note that the commit hashes for the submodules have likely changed since
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this FAQ was written.
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Why does my submodule say "HEAD detached at" some commit?
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=========================================================
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When a submodule is first initialized and updated, it is not checked out to a
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branch, but the very exact commit that the superproject (this PowerShell
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repository) has recorded for the submodule. This is the intended behavior.
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If you want to check out an actual branch, just do so with `git checkout
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<branch>`. A submodule is just a Git repository; it just happens to be nested
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inside another repository.
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Please read the Git Book chapter on [submodules][].
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[submodules]: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules
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Why does AppVeyor say "Project not found or access denied" when opening a build?
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================================================================================
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This means you're not signed into AppVeyor. Follow these steps carefully:
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1. Click "SIGN IN" link in upper right corner
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2. Click the blue "GitHub" button under "Login with your developer account" on the left
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3. Click the green "Authorize Application" button in the pop-up from GitHub
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4. Click the "- select account -" menu and choose "PowerShell" (**not** your user)
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5. Click the blue "GitHub" button below the menu
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6. Go back to the original link you followed to AppVeyor and click it again
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You should now be signed into AppVeyor and able to access our builds.
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Why did my Travis CI build fail with `GITHUB_TOKEN variable is undefined, please provide token`?
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================================================================================================
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Travis CI uses an encrypted environment variable to authorize with GitHub and
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download PowerShell (which it then uses to build and test through the
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`build.psm1` module). However, the following caveat applies:
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> Encrypted variables are not added to untrusted builds such as pull requests
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> coming from another repository.
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Thus a pull request made from a fork of the PowerShell repository will not pass
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the Travis CI as it will be unable to build. Please instead push your branch to
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the upstream PowerShell repository on GitHub (that is,
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https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell), and issue a new Pull Request. If you
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cannot do this, please get in contact with us to obtain the necessary
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permissions.
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