330 lines
15 KiB
XML
330 lines
15 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
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<class name="AStar" inherits="RefCounted" version="4.0">
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<brief_description>
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An implementation of A* to find the shortest paths among connected points in space.
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</brief_description>
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<description>
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A* (A star) is a computer algorithm that is widely used in pathfinding and graph traversal, the process of plotting short paths among vertices (points), passing through a given set of edges (segments). It enjoys widespread use due to its performance and accuracy. Godot's A* implementation uses points in three-dimensional space and Euclidean distances by default.
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You must add points manually with [method add_point] and create segments manually with [method connect_points]. Then you can test if there is a path between two points with the [method are_points_connected] function, get a path containing indices by [method get_id_path], or one containing actual coordinates with [method get_point_path].
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It is also possible to use non-Euclidean distances. To do so, create a class that extends [code]AStar[/code] and override methods [method _compute_cost] and [method _estimate_cost]. Both take two indices and return a length, as is shown in the following example.
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[codeblocks]
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[gdscript]
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class MyAStar:
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extends AStar
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func _compute_cost(u, v):
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return abs(u - v)
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func _estimate_cost(u, v):
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return min(0, abs(u - v) - 1)
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[/gdscript]
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[csharp]
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public class MyAStar : AStar
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{
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public override float _ComputeCost(int u, int v)
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{
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return Mathf.Abs(u - v);
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}
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public override float _EstimateCost(int u, int v)
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{
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return Mathf.Min(0, Mathf.Abs(u - v) - 1);
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}
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}
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[/csharp]
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[/codeblocks]
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[method _estimate_cost] should return a lower bound of the distance, i.e. [code]_estimate_cost(u, v) <= _compute_cost(u, v)[/code]. This serves as a hint to the algorithm because the custom [code]_compute_cost[/code] might be computation-heavy. If this is not the case, make [method _estimate_cost] return the same value as [method _compute_cost] to provide the algorithm with the most accurate information.
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If the default [method _estimate_cost] and [method _compute_cost] methods are used, or if the supplied [method _estimate_cost] method returns a lower bound of the cost, then the paths returned by A* will be the lowest-cost paths. Here, the cost of a path equals the sum of the [method _compute_cost] results of all segments in the path multiplied by the [code]weight_scale[/code]s of the endpoints of the respective segments. If the default methods are used and the [code]weight_scale[/code]s of all points are set to [code]1.0[/code], then this equals the sum of Euclidean distances of all segments in the path.
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</description>
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<tutorials>
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</tutorials>
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<methods>
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<method name="_compute_cost" qualifiers="virtual const">
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<return type="float" />
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<argument index="0" name="from_id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="to_id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Called when computing the cost between two connected points.
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Note that this function is hidden in the default [code]AStar[/code] class.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="_estimate_cost" qualifiers="virtual const">
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<return type="float" />
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<argument index="0" name="from_id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="to_id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Called when estimating the cost between a point and the path's ending point.
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Note that this function is hidden in the default [code]AStar[/code] class.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="add_point">
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<return type="void" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="position" type="Vector3" />
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<argument index="2" name="weight_scale" type="float" default="1.0" />
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<description>
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Adds a new point at the given position with the given identifier. The [code]id[/code] must be 0 or larger, and the [code]weight_scale[/code] must be 1 or larger.
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The [code]weight_scale[/code] is multiplied by the result of [method _compute_cost] when determining the overall cost of traveling across a segment from a neighboring point to this point. Thus, all else being equal, the algorithm prefers points with lower [code]weight_scale[/code]s to form a path.
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[codeblocks]
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[gdscript]
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var astar = AStar.new()
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astar.add_point(1, Vector3(1, 0, 0), 4) # Adds the point (1, 0, 0) with weight_scale 4 and id 1
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[/gdscript]
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[csharp]
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var astar = new AStar();
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astar.AddPoint(1, new Vector3(1, 0, 0), 4); // Adds the point (1, 0, 0) with weight_scale 4 and id 1
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[/csharp]
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[/codeblocks]
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If there already exists a point for the given [code]id[/code], its position and weight scale are updated to the given values.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="are_points_connected" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="bool" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="to_id" type="int" />
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<argument index="2" name="bidirectional" type="bool" default="true" />
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<description>
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Returns whether the two given points are directly connected by a segment. If [code]bidirectional[/code] is [code]false[/code], returns whether movement from [code]id[/code] to [code]to_id[/code] is possible through this segment.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="clear">
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<return type="void" />
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<description>
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Clears all the points and segments.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="connect_points">
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<return type="void" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="to_id" type="int" />
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<argument index="2" name="bidirectional" type="bool" default="true" />
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<description>
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Creates a segment between the given points. If [code]bidirectional[/code] is [code]false[/code], only movement from [code]id[/code] to [code]to_id[/code] is allowed, not the reverse direction.
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[codeblocks]
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[gdscript]
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var astar = AStar.new()
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astar.add_point(1, Vector3(1, 1, 0))
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astar.add_point(2, Vector3(0, 5, 0))
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astar.connect_points(1, 2, false)
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[/gdscript]
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[csharp]
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var astar = new AStar();
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astar.AddPoint(1, new Vector3(1, 1, 0));
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astar.AddPoint(2, new Vector3(0, 5, 0));
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astar.ConnectPoints(1, 2, false);
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[/csharp]
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[/codeblocks]
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="disconnect_points">
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<return type="void" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="to_id" type="int" />
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<argument index="2" name="bidirectional" type="bool" default="true" />
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<description>
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Deletes the segment between the given points. If [code]bidirectional[/code] is [code]false[/code], only movement from [code]id[/code] to [code]to_id[/code] is prevented, and a unidirectional segment possibly remains.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_available_point_id" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns the next available point ID with no point associated to it.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_closest_point" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="int" />
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<argument index="0" name="to_position" type="Vector3" />
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<argument index="1" name="include_disabled" type="bool" default="false" />
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<description>
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Returns the ID of the closest point to [code]to_position[/code], optionally taking disabled points into account. Returns [code]-1[/code] if there are no points in the points pool.
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[b]Note:[/b] If several points are the closest to [code]to_position[/code], the one with the smallest ID will be returned, ensuring a deterministic result.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_closest_position_in_segment" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="Vector3" />
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<argument index="0" name="to_position" type="Vector3" />
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<description>
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Returns the closest position to [code]to_position[/code] that resides inside a segment between two connected points.
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[codeblocks]
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[gdscript]
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var astar = AStar.new()
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astar.add_point(1, Vector3(0, 0, 0))
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astar.add_point(2, Vector3(0, 5, 0))
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astar.connect_points(1, 2)
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var res = astar.get_closest_position_in_segment(Vector3(3, 3, 0)) # Returns (0, 3, 0)
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[/gdscript]
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[csharp]
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var astar = new AStar();
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astar.AddPoint(1, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
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astar.AddPoint(2, new Vector3(0, 5, 0));
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astar.ConnectPoints(1, 2);
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Vector3 res = astar.GetClosestPositionInSegment(new Vector3(3, 3, 0)); // Returns (0, 3, 0)
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[/csharp]
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[/codeblocks]
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The result is in the segment that goes from [code]y = 0[/code] to [code]y = 5[/code]. It's the closest position in the segment to the given point.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_id_path">
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<return type="PackedInt32Array" />
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<argument index="0" name="from_id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="to_id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns an array with the IDs of the points that form the path found by AStar between the given points. The array is ordered from the starting point to the ending point of the path.
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[codeblocks]
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[gdscript]
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var astar = AStar.new()
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astar.add_point(1, Vector3(0, 0, 0))
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astar.add_point(2, Vector3(0, 1, 0), 1) # Default weight is 1
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astar.add_point(3, Vector3(1, 1, 0))
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astar.add_point(4, Vector3(2, 0, 0))
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astar.connect_points(1, 2, false)
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astar.connect_points(2, 3, false)
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astar.connect_points(4, 3, false)
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astar.connect_points(1, 4, false)
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var res = astar.get_id_path(1, 3) # Returns [1, 2, 3]
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[/gdscript]
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[csharp]
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var astar = new AStar();
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astar.AddPoint(1, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
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astar.AddPoint(2, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), 1); // Default weight is 1
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astar.AddPoint(3, new Vector3(1, 1, 0));
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astar.AddPoint(4, new Vector3(2, 0, 0));
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astar.ConnectPoints(1, 2, false);
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astar.ConnectPoints(2, 3, false);
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astar.ConnectPoints(4, 3, false);
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astar.ConnectPoints(1, 4, false);
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int[] res = astar.GetIdPath(1, 3); // Returns [1, 2, 3]
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[/csharp]
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[/codeblocks]
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If you change the 2nd point's weight to 3, then the result will be [code][1, 4, 3][/code] instead, because now even though the distance is longer, it's "easier" to get through point 4 than through point 2.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_point_capacity" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns the capacity of the structure backing the points, useful in conjunction with [code]reserve_space[/code].
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_point_connections">
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<return type="PackedInt32Array" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns an array with the IDs of the points that form the connection with the given point.
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[codeblocks]
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[gdscript]
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var astar = AStar.new()
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astar.add_point(1, Vector3(0, 0, 0))
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astar.add_point(2, Vector3(0, 1, 0))
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astar.add_point(3, Vector3(1, 1, 0))
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astar.add_point(4, Vector3(2, 0, 0))
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astar.connect_points(1, 2, true)
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astar.connect_points(1, 3, true)
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var neighbors = astar.get_point_connections(1) # Returns [2, 3]
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[/gdscript]
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[csharp]
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var astar = new AStar();
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astar.AddPoint(1, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
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astar.AddPoint(2, new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
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astar.AddPoint(3, new Vector3(1, 1, 0));
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astar.AddPoint(4, new Vector3(2, 0, 0));
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astar.ConnectPoints(1, 2, true);
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astar.ConnectPoints(1, 3, true);
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int[] neighbors = astar.GetPointConnections(1); // Returns [2, 3]
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[/csharp]
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[/codeblocks]
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_point_count" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns the number of points currently in the points pool.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_point_path">
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<return type="PackedVector3Array" />
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<argument index="0" name="from_id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="to_id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns an array with the points that are in the path found by AStar between the given points. The array is ordered from the starting point to the ending point of the path.
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[b]Note:[/b] This method is not thread-safe. If called from a [Thread], it will return an empty [PackedVector3Array] and will print an error message.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_point_position" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="Vector3" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns the position of the point associated with the given [code]id[/code].
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_point_weight_scale" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="float" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns the weight scale of the point associated with the given [code]id[/code].
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="get_points">
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<return type="Array" />
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<description>
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Returns an array of all points.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="has_point" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="bool" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns whether a point associated with the given [code]id[/code] exists.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="is_point_disabled" qualifiers="const">
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<return type="bool" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Returns whether a point is disabled or not for pathfinding. By default, all points are enabled.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="remove_point">
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<return type="void" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<description>
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Removes the point associated with the given [code]id[/code] from the points pool.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="reserve_space">
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<return type="void" />
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<argument index="0" name="num_nodes" type="int" />
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<description>
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Reserves space internally for [code]num_nodes[/code] points, useful if you're adding a known large number of points at once, for a grid for instance. New capacity must be greater or equals to old capacity.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="set_point_disabled">
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<return type="void" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="disabled" type="bool" default="true" />
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<description>
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Disables or enables the specified point for pathfinding. Useful for making a temporary obstacle.
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="set_point_position">
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<return type="void" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="position" type="Vector3" />
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<description>
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Sets the [code]position[/code] for the point with the given [code]id[/code].
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</description>
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</method>
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<method name="set_point_weight_scale">
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<return type="void" />
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<argument index="0" name="id" type="int" />
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<argument index="1" name="weight_scale" type="float" />
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<description>
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Sets the [code]weight_scale[/code] for the point with the given [code]id[/code]. The [code]weight_scale[/code] is multiplied by the result of [method _compute_cost] when determining the overall cost of traveling across a segment from a neighboring point to this point.
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</description>
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</method>
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</methods>
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</class>
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