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168 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
168 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
# Overview
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This document explains how to enable VoIP relaying on your homeserver with
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TURN.
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The synapse Matrix homeserver supports integration with TURN server via the
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[TURN server REST API](<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-uberti-behave-turn-rest-00>). This
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allows the homeserver to generate credentials that are valid for use on the
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TURN server through the use of a secret shared between the homeserver and the
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TURN server.
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This documentation provides two TURN server configuration examples:
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* [coturn](setup/turn/coturn.md)
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* [eturnal](setup/turn/eturnal.md)
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## Requirements
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For TURN relaying to work, the TURN service must be hosted on a server/endpoint with a public IP.
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Hosting TURN behind NAT requires port forwarding and for the NAT gateway to have a public IP.
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However, even with appropriate configuration, NAT is known to cause issues and to often not work.
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Afterwards, the homeserver needs some further configuration.
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## Synapse setup
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Your homeserver configuration file needs the following extra keys:
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1. [`turn_uris`](usage/configuration/config_documentation.md#turn_uris)
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2. [`turn_shared_secret`](usage/configuration/config_documentation.md#turn_shared_secret)
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3. [`turn_user_lifetime`](usage/configuration/config_documentation.md#turn_user_lifetime)
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4. [`turn_allow_guests`](usage/configuration/config_documentation.md#turn_allow_guests)
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As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for `matrix.org`. The
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`turn_uris` are appropriate for TURN servers listening on the default ports, with no TLS.
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turn_uris: [ "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=udp", "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=tcp" ]
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turn_shared_secret: "n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons"
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turn_user_lifetime: 86400000
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turn_allow_guests: true
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After updating the homeserver configuration, you must restart synapse:
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* If you use synctl:
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```sh
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# Depending on how Synapse is installed, synctl may already be on
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# your PATH. If not, you may need to activate a virtual environment.
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synctl restart
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```
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* If you use systemd:
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```sh
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systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
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```
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... and then reload any clients (or wait an hour for them to refresh their
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settings).
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## Troubleshooting
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The normal symptoms of a misconfigured TURN server are that calls between
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devices on different networks ring, but get stuck at "call
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connecting". Unfortunately, troubleshooting this can be tricky.
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Here are a few things to try:
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* Check that you have opened your firewall to allow TCP and UDP traffic to the
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TURN ports (normally 3478 and 5349).
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* Check that you have opened your firewall to allow UDP traffic to the UDP
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relay ports (49152-65535 by default).
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* Try disabling TLS/DTLS listeners and enable only its (unencrypted)
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TCP/UDP listeners. (This will only leave signaling traffic unencrypted;
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voice & video WebRTC traffic is always encrypted.)
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* Some WebRTC implementations (notably, that of Google Chrome) appear to get
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confused by TURN servers which are reachable over IPv6 (this appears to be
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an unexpected side-effect of its handling of multiple IP addresses as
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defined by
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[`draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling`](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling-12)).
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Try removing any AAAA records for your TURN server, so that it is only
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reachable over IPv4.
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* If your TURN server is behind NAT:
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* double-check that your NAT gateway is correctly forwarding all TURN
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ports (normally 3478 & 5349 for TCP & UDP TURN traffic, and 49152-65535 for the UDP
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relay) to the NAT-internal address of your TURN server. If advertising
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both IPv4 and IPv6 external addresses via the `external-ip` option, ensure
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that the NAT is forwarding both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic to the IPv4 and IPv6
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internal addresses of your TURN server. When in doubt, remove AAAA records
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for your TURN server and specify only an IPv4 address as your `external-ip`.
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* ensure that your TURN server uses the NAT gateway as its default route.
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* Enable more verbose logging, in `coturn` via the `verbose` setting:
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```
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verbose
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```
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or with `eturnal` with the shell command `eturnalctl loglevel debug` or in the configuration file (the service needs to [reload](https://eturnal.net/documentation/#Operation) for it to become effective):
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```yaml
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## Logging configuration:
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log_level: debug
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```
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... and then see if there are any clues in its logs.
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* If you are using a browser-based client under Chrome, check
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`chrome://webrtc-internals/` for insights into the internals of the
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negotiation. On Firefox, check the "Connection Log" on `about:webrtc`.
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(Understanding the output is beyond the scope of this document!)
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* You can test your Matrix homeserver TURN setup with <https://test.voip.librepush.net/>.
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Note that this test is not fully reliable yet, so don't be discouraged if
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the test fails.
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[Here](https://github.com/matrix-org/voip-tester) is the github repo of the
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source of the tester, where you can file bug reports.
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* There is a WebRTC test tool at
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<https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/>. To
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use it, you will need a username/password for your TURN server. You can
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either:
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* look for the `GET /_matrix/client/r0/voip/turnServer` request made by a
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matrix client to your homeserver in your browser's network inspector. In
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the response you should see `username` and `password`. Or:
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* Use the following shell commands for `coturn`:
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```sh
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secret=staticAuthSecretHere
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u=$((`date +%s` + 3600)):test
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p=$(echo -n $u | openssl dgst -hmac $secret -sha1 -binary | base64)
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echo -e "username: $u\npassword: $p"
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```
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or for `eturnal`
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```sh
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eturnalctl credentials
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```
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* Or (**coturn only**): Temporarily configure `coturn` to accept a static
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username/password. To do this, comment out `use-auth-secret` and
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`static-auth-secret` and add the following:
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```
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lt-cred-mech
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user=username:password
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```
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**Note**: these settings will not take effect unless `use-auth-secret`
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and `static-auth-secret` are disabled.
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Restart coturn after changing the configuration file.
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Remember to restore the original settings to go back to testing with
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Matrix clients!
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If the TURN server is working correctly, you should see at least one `relay`
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entry in the results.
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