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Spawning from https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/9445#discussion_r758958181 Co-authored-by: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
77 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
77 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
# Room DAG concepts
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## Edges
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The word "edge" comes from graph theory lingo. An edge is just a connection
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between two events. In Synapse, we connect events by specifying their
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`prev_events`. A subsequent event points back at a previous event.
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```
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A (oldest) <---- B <---- C (most recent)
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```
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## Depth and stream ordering
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Events are normally sorted by `(topological_ordering, stream_ordering)` where
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`topological_ordering` is just `depth`. In other words, we first sort by `depth`
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and then tie-break based on `stream_ordering`. `depth` is incremented as new
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messages are added to the DAG. Normally, `stream_ordering` is an auto
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incrementing integer, but backfilled events start with `stream_ordering=-1` and decrement.
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---
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- `/sync` returns things in the order they arrive at the server (`stream_ordering`).
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- `/messages` (and `/backfill` in the federation API) return them in the order determined by the event graph `(topological_ordering, stream_ordering)`.
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The general idea is that, if you're following a room in real-time (i.e.
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`/sync`), you probably want to see the messages as they arrive at your server,
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rather than skipping any that arrived late; whereas if you're looking at a
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historical section of timeline (i.e. `/messages`), you want to see the best
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representation of the state of the room as others were seeing it at the time.
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## Forward extremity
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Most-recent-in-time events in the DAG which are not referenced by any other events' `prev_events` yet.
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The forward extremities of a room are used as the `prev_events` when the next event is sent.
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## Backward extremity
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The current marker of where we have backfilled up to and will generally be the
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`prev_events` of the oldest-in-time events we have in the DAG. This gives a starting point when
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backfilling history.
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When we persist a non-outlier event, we clear it as a backward extremity and set
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all of its `prev_events` as the new backward extremities if they aren't already
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persisted in the `events` table.
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## Outliers
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We mark an event as an `outlier` when we haven't figured out the state for the
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room at that point in the DAG yet.
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We won't *necessarily* have the `prev_events` of an `outlier` in the database,
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but it's entirely possible that we *might*.
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For example, when we fetch the event auth chain or state for a given event, we
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mark all of those claimed auth events as outliers because we haven't done the
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state calculation ourself.
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## State groups
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For every non-outlier event we need to know the state at that event. Instead of
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storing the full state for each event in the DB (i.e. a `event_id -> state`
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mapping), which is *very* space inefficient when state doesn't change, we
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instead assign each different set of state a "state group" and then have
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mappings of `event_id -> state_group` and `state_group -> state`.
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### Stage group edges
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TODO: `state_group_edges` is a further optimization...
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notes from @Azrenbeth, https://pastebin.com/seUGVGeT
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