csharplang/proposals/csharp-7.2/non-trailing-named-arguments.md

Non-trailing named arguments

Summary

Allow named arguments to be used in non-trailing position, as long as they are used in their correct position. For example: DoSomething(isEmployed:true, name, age);.

Motivation

The main motivation is to avoid typing redundant information. It is common to name an argument that is a literal (such as null, true) for the purpose of clarifying the code, rather than of passing arguments out-of-order. That is currently disallowed (CS1738) unless all the following arguments are also named.

DoSomething(isEmployed:true, name, age); // currently disallowed, even though all arguments are in position
// CS1738 "Named argument specifications must appear after all fixed arguments have been specified"

Some additional examples:

public void DoSomething(bool isEmployed, string personName, int personAge) { ... }

DoSomething(isEmployed:true, name, age); // currently CS1738, but would become legal
DoSomething(true, personName:name, age); // currently CS1738, but would become legal
DoSomething(name, isEmployed:true, age); // remains illegal
DoSomething(name, age, isEmployed:true); // remains illegal
DoSomething(true, personAge:age, personName:name); // already legal

This would also work with params:

public class Task
{
    public static Task When(TaskStatus all, TaskStatus any, params Task[] tasks);
}
Task.When(all: TaskStatus.RanToCompletion, any: TaskStatus.Faulted, task1, task2)

Detailed design

In §7.5.1 (Argument lists), the spec currently says:

An argument with an argument-name is referred to as a named argument, whereas an argument without an argument-name is a positional argument. It is an error for a positional argument to appear after a named argument in an argument-list.

The proposal is to remove this error and update the rules for finding the corresponding parameter for an argument (§7.5.1.1):

Arguments in the argument-list of instance constructors, methods, indexers and delegates:

• [existing rules]
• An unnamed argument corresponds to no parameter when it is after an out-of-position named argument or a named params argument.

In particular, this prevents invoking void M(bool a = true, bool b = true, bool c = true, ); with M(c: false, valueB);. The first argument is used out-of-position (the argument is used in first position, but the parameter named "c" is in third position), so the following arguments should be named.

In other words, non-trailing named arguments are only allowed when the name and the position result in finding the same corresponding parameter.

Drawbacks

This proposal exacerbates existing subtleties with named arguments in overload resolution. For instance:

void M(int x, int y) { }
void M<T>(T y, int x) { }

void M2()
{
    M(3, 4);
    M(y: 3, x: 4); // Invokes M(int, int)
    M(y: 3, 4); // Invokes M<T>(T, int)
}

You could get this situation today by swapping the parameters:

void M(int y, int x) { }
void M<T>(int x, T y) { }

void M2()
{
    M(3, 4);
    M(x: 3, y: 4); // Invokes M(int, int)
    M(3, y: 4); // Invokes M<T>(int, T)
}

Similarly, if you have two methods void M(int a, int b) and void M(int x, string y), the mistaken invocation M(x: 1, 2) will produce a diagnostic based on the second overload ("cannot convert from 'int' to 'string'"). This problem already exists when the named argument is used in a trailing position.

Alternatives

There are a couple of alternatives to consider:

• The status quo
• Providing IDE assistance to fill-in all the names of trailing arguments when you type specific a name in the middle.

Both of those suffer from more verbosity, as they introduce multiple named arguments even if you just need one name of a literal at the beginning of the argument list.

Unresolved questions

Design meetings

The feature was briefly discussed in LDM on May 16th 2017, with approval in principle (ok to move to proposal/prototype). It was also briefly discussed on June 28th 2017.

Relates to initial discussion https://github.com/dotnet/csharplang/issues/518 Relates to championed issue https://github.com/dotnet/csharplang/issues/570