godot/modules/mono/mono_gd/gd_mono.cpp

/*************************************************************************/
/*  gd_mono.cpp                                                          */
/*************************************************************************/
/*                       This file is part of:                           */
/*                           GODOT ENGINE                                */
/*                      https://godotengine.org                          */
/*************************************************************************/
/* Copyright (c) 2007-2021 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
/* Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Godot Engine contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md).   */
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/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be        */
/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.       */
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/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.*/
/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY  */
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/*************************************************************************/

#include "gd_mono.h"

#include <mono/metadata/environment.h>
#include <mono/metadata/exception.h>
#include <mono/metadata/mono-config.h>
#include <mono/metadata/mono-debug.h>
#include <mono/metadata/mono-gc.h>
#include <mono/metadata/profiler.h>

#include "core/config/project_settings.h"
#include "core/debugger/engine_debugger.h"
#include "core/io/dir_access.h"
#include "core/io/file_access.h"
#include "core/os/os.h"
#include "core/os/thread.h"

#include "../csharp_script.h"
#include "../godotsharp_dirs.h"
#include "../utils/path_utils.h"
#include "gd_mono_cache.h"
#include "gd_mono_utils.h"

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
#include "main/main.h"
#endif

#ifdef ANDROID_ENABLED
#include "android_mono_config.h"
#include "support/android_support.h"
#elif defined(IPHONE_ENABLED)
#include "support/ios_support.h"
#endif

#if defined(TOOL_ENABLED) && defined(GD_MONO_SINGLE_APPDOMAIN)
// This will no longer be the case if we replace appdomains with AssemblyLoadContext
#error "Editor build requires support for multiple appdomains"
#endif

#if defined(GD_MONO_HOT_RELOAD) && defined(GD_MONO_SINGLE_APPDOMAIN)
#error "Hot reloading requires multiple appdomains"
#endif

// TODO:
// This has turned into a gigantic mess. There's too much going on here. Too much #ifdef as well.
// It's just painful to read... It needs to be re-structured. Please, clean this up, future me.

GDMono *GDMono::singleton = nullptr;

namespace {

#if defined(JAVASCRIPT_ENABLED)
extern "C" {
void mono_wasm_load_runtime(const char *managed_path, int enable_debugging);
}
#endif

#if !defined(JAVASCRIPT_ENABLED)

void gd_mono_setup_runtime_main_args() {
	CharString execpath = OS::get_singleton()->get_executable_path().utf8();

	List<String> cmdline_args = OS::get_singleton()->get_cmdline_args();

	List<CharString> cmdline_args_utf8;
	Vector<char *> main_args;
	main_args.resize(cmdline_args.size() + 1);

	main_args.write[0] = execpath.ptrw();

	int i = 1;
	for (const String &E : cmdline_args) {
		CharString &stored = cmdline_args_utf8.push_back(E.utf8())->get();
		main_args.write[i] = stored.ptrw();
		i++;
	}

	mono_runtime_set_main_args(main_args.size(), main_args.ptrw());
}

void gd_mono_profiler_init() {
	String profiler_args = GLOBAL_DEF("mono/profiler/args", "log:calls,alloc,sample,output=output.mlpd");
	bool profiler_enabled = GLOBAL_DEF("mono/profiler/enabled", false);
	if (profiler_enabled) {
		mono_profiler_load(profiler_args.utf8());
		return;
	}

	const String env_var_name = "MONO_ENV_OPTIONS";
	if (OS::get_singleton()->has_environment(env_var_name)) {
		const String mono_env_ops = OS::get_singleton()->get_environment(env_var_name);
		// Usually MONO_ENV_OPTIONS looks like:   --profile=jb:prof=timeline,ctl=remote,host=127.0.0.1:55467
		const String prefix = "--profile=";
		if (mono_env_ops.begins_with(prefix)) {
			const String ops = mono_env_ops.substr(prefix.length(), mono_env_ops.length());
			mono_profiler_load(ops.utf8());
		}
	}
}

void gd_mono_debug_init() {
	CharString da_args = OS::get_singleton()->get_environment("GODOT_MONO_DEBUGGER_AGENT").utf8();

	if (da_args.length()) {
		OS::get_singleton()->set_environment("GODOT_MONO_DEBUGGER_AGENT", String());
	}

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	int da_port = GLOBAL_DEF("mono/debugger_agent/port", 23685);
	bool da_suspend = GLOBAL_DEF("mono/debugger_agent/wait_for_debugger", false);
	int da_timeout = GLOBAL_DEF("mono/debugger_agent/wait_timeout", 3000);

	if (Engine::get_singleton()->is_editor_hint() ||
			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get_resource_path().is_empty() ||
			Main::is_project_manager()) {
		if (da_args.size() == 0) {
			return;
		}
	}

	if (da_args.length() == 0) {
		da_args = String("--debugger-agent=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:" + itos(da_port) +
						 ",embedding=1,server=y,suspend=" + (da_suspend ? "y,timeout=" + itos(da_timeout) : "n"))
						  .utf8();
	}
#else
	if (da_args.length() == 0)
		return; // Exported games don't use the project settings to setup the debugger agent
#endif

	// Debugging enabled

	mono_debug_init(MONO_DEBUG_FORMAT_MONO);

	// --debugger-agent=help
	const char *options[] = {
		"--soft-breakpoints",
		da_args.get_data()
	};
	mono_jit_parse_options(2, (char **)options);
}

#endif // !defined(JAVASCRIPT_ENABLED)

#if defined(JAVASCRIPT_ENABLED)
MonoDomain *gd_initialize_mono_runtime() {
	const char *vfs_prefix = "managed";
	int enable_debugging = 0;

	// TODO: Provide a way to enable debugging on WASM release builds.
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	enable_debugging = 1;
#endif

	mono_wasm_load_runtime(vfs_prefix, enable_debugging);

	return mono_get_root_domain();
}
#else
MonoDomain *gd_initialize_mono_runtime() {
	gd_mono_debug_init();

#if defined(IPHONE_ENABLED) || defined(ANDROID_ENABLED)
	// I don't know whether this actually matters or not
	const char *runtime_version = "mobile";
#else
	const char *runtime_version = "v4.0.30319";
#endif

	return mono_jit_init_version("GodotEngine.RootDomain", runtime_version);
}
#endif
} // namespace

void GDMono::add_mono_shared_libs_dir_to_path() {
	// TODO: Replace this with a mono_dl_fallback

	// By default Mono seems to search shared libraries in the following directories:
	// Current working directory, @executable_path@ and PATH
	// The parent directory of the image file (assembly where the dllimport method is declared)
	// @executable_path@/../lib
	// @executable_path@/../Libraries (__MACH__ only)

	// This does not work when embedding Mono unless we use the same directory structure.
	// To fix this we append the directory containing our shared libraries to PATH.

#if defined(WINDOWS_ENABLED) || defined(UNIX_ENABLED)
	String path_var("PATH");
	String path_value = OS::get_singleton()->get_environment(path_var);

#ifdef WINDOWS_ENABLED
	path_value += ';';

	String bundled_bin_dir = GodotSharpDirs::get_data_mono_bin_dir();
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	if (DirAccess::exists(bundled_bin_dir)) {
		path_value += bundled_bin_dir;
	} else {
		path_value += mono_reg_info.bin_dir;
	}
#else
	if (DirAccess::exists(bundled_bin_dir))
		path_value += bundled_bin_dir;
#endif // TOOLS_ENABLED

#else
	path_value += ':';

	String bundled_lib_dir = GodotSharpDirs::get_data_mono_lib_dir();
	if (DirAccess::exists(bundled_lib_dir)) {
		path_value += bundled_lib_dir;
	} else {
		// TODO: Do we need to add the lib dir when using the system installed Mono on Unix platforms?
	}
#endif // WINDOWS_ENABLED

	OS::get_singleton()->set_environment(path_var, path_value);
#endif // WINDOWS_ENABLED || UNIX_ENABLED
}

void GDMono::determine_mono_dirs(String &r_assembly_rootdir, String &r_config_dir) {
	String bundled_assembly_rootdir = GodotSharpDirs::get_data_mono_lib_dir();
	String bundled_config_dir = GodotSharpDirs::get_data_mono_etc_dir();

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED

#if defined(WINDOWS_ENABLED)
	mono_reg_info = MonoRegUtils::find_mono();

	if (mono_reg_info.assembly_dir.length() && DirAccess::exists(mono_reg_info.assembly_dir)) {
		r_assembly_rootdir = mono_reg_info.assembly_dir;
	}

	if (mono_reg_info.config_dir.length() && DirAccess::exists(mono_reg_info.config_dir)) {
		r_config_dir = mono_reg_info.config_dir;
	}
#elif defined(OSX_ENABLED)
	const char *c_assembly_rootdir = mono_assembly_getrootdir();
	const char *c_config_dir = mono_get_config_dir();

	if (!c_assembly_rootdir || !c_config_dir || !DirAccess::exists(c_assembly_rootdir) || !DirAccess::exists(c_config_dir)) {
		Vector<const char *> locations;
		locations.push_back("/Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/Current/");
		locations.push_back("/usr/local/var/homebrew/linked/mono/");

		for (int i = 0; i < locations.size(); i++) {
			String hint_assembly_rootdir = path::join(locations[i], "lib");
			String hint_mscorlib_path = path::join(hint_assembly_rootdir, "mono", "4.5", "mscorlib.dll");
			String hint_config_dir = path::join(locations[i], "etc");

			if (FileAccess::exists(hint_mscorlib_path) && DirAccess::exists(hint_config_dir)) {
				r_assembly_rootdir = hint_assembly_rootdir;
				r_config_dir = hint_config_dir;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
#endif

	if (DirAccess::exists(bundled_assembly_rootdir)) {
		r_assembly_rootdir = bundled_assembly_rootdir;
	}

	if (DirAccess::exists(bundled_config_dir)) {
		r_config_dir = bundled_config_dir;
	}

#ifdef WINDOWS_ENABLED
	if (r_assembly_rootdir.is_empty() || r_config_dir.is_empty()) {
		ERR_PRINT("Cannot find Mono in the registry.");
		// Assertion: if they are not set, then they weren't found in the registry
		CRASH_COND(mono_reg_info.assembly_dir.length() > 0 || mono_reg_info.config_dir.length() > 0);
	}
#endif // WINDOWS_ENABLED

#else
	// Export templates always use the bundled directories
	r_assembly_rootdir = bundled_assembly_rootdir;
	r_config_dir = bundled_config_dir;
#endif
}

void GDMono::initialize() {
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(Engine::get_singleton());

	print_verbose("Mono: Initializing module...");

	char *runtime_build_info = mono_get_runtime_build_info();
	print_verbose("Mono JIT compiler version " + String(runtime_build_info));
	mono_free(runtime_build_info);

	_init_godot_api_hashes();
	_init_exception_policy();

	GDMonoLog::get_singleton()->initialize();

#if !defined(JAVASCRIPT_ENABLED)
	String assembly_rootdir;
	String config_dir;
	determine_mono_dirs(assembly_rootdir, config_dir);

	// Leak if we call mono_set_dirs more than once
	mono_set_dirs(assembly_rootdir.length() ? assembly_rootdir.utf8().get_data() : nullptr,
			config_dir.length() ? config_dir.utf8().get_data() : nullptr);

	add_mono_shared_libs_dir_to_path();
#endif

#ifdef ANDROID_ENABLED
	mono_config_parse_memory(get_godot_android_mono_config().utf8().get_data());
#else
	mono_config_parse(nullptr);
#endif

#if defined(ANDROID_ENABLED)
	gdmono::android::support::initialize();
#elif defined(IPHONE_ENABLED)
	gdmono::ios::support::initialize();
#endif

	GDMonoAssembly::initialize();

#if !defined(JAVASCRIPT_ENABLED)
	gd_mono_profiler_init();
#endif

	mono_install_unhandled_exception_hook(&unhandled_exception_hook, nullptr);

#ifndef TOOLS_ENABLED
	// Exported games that don't use C# must still work. They likely don't ship with mscorlib.
	// We only initialize the Mono runtime if we can find mscorlib. Otherwise it would crash.
	if (GDMonoAssembly::find_assembly("mscorlib.dll").is_empty()) {
		print_verbose("Mono: Skipping runtime initialization because 'mscorlib.dll' could not be found");
		return;
	}
#endif

#if !defined(NO_MONO_THREADS_SUSPEND_WORKAROUND)
	// FIXME: Temporary workaround. See: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues/29812
	if (!OS::get_singleton()->has_environment("MONO_THREADS_SUSPEND")) {
		OS::get_singleton()->set_environment("MONO_THREADS_SUSPEND", "preemptive");
	}
#endif

	// NOTE: Internal calls must be registered after the Mono runtime initialization.
	// Otherwise registration fails with the error: 'assertion 'hash != nullptr' failed'.

	root_domain = gd_initialize_mono_runtime();
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_MSG(root_domain, "Mono: Failed to initialize runtime.");

	GDMonoUtils::set_main_thread(GDMonoUtils::get_current_thread());

#if !defined(JAVASCRIPT_ENABLED)
	gd_mono_setup_runtime_main_args(); // Required for System.Environment.GetCommandLineArgs
#endif

	runtime_initialized = true;

	print_verbose("Mono: Runtime initialized");

#if defined(ANDROID_ENABLED)
	gdmono::android::support::register_internal_calls();
#endif

	// mscorlib assembly MUST be present at initialization
	bool corlib_loaded = _load_corlib_assembly();
	ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(!corlib_loaded, "Mono: Failed to load mscorlib assembly.");

#ifndef GD_MONO_SINGLE_APPDOMAIN
	Error domain_load_err = _load_scripts_domain();
	ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(domain_load_err != OK, "Mono: Failed to load scripts domain.");
#else
	scripts_domain = root_domain;
#endif

	_register_internal_calls();

	print_verbose("Mono: INITIALIZED");
}

void GDMono::initialize_load_assemblies() {
	// Load assemblies. The API and tools assemblies are required,
	// the application is aborted if these assemblies cannot be loaded.

	if (!_try_load_api_assemblies()) {
		CRASH_NOW_MSG("Failed to load one of the API assemblies.");
	}

#if defined(TOOLS_ENABLED)
	bool tool_assemblies_loaded = _load_tools_assemblies();
	CRASH_COND_MSG(!tool_assemblies_loaded, "Mono: Failed to load '" TOOLS_ASM_NAME "' assemblies.");

	if (Main::is_project_manager()) {
		return;
	}
#endif

	// Load the project's main assembly. This doesn't necessarily need to succeed.
	// The game may not be using .NET at all, or if the project does use .NET and
	// we're running in the editor, it may just happen to be it wasn't built yet.
	if (!_load_project_assembly()) {
		if (OS::get_singleton()->is_stdout_verbose()) {
			print_error("Mono: Failed to load project assembly");
		}
	}
}

void godot_register_object_icalls();
void godot_register_placeholder_icalls();

void GDMono::_register_internal_calls() {
	// Registers internal calls that were not generated.
	godot_register_object_icalls();
	godot_register_placeholder_icalls();
}

void GDMono::_init_godot_api_hashes() {
#ifdef DEBUG_METHODS_ENABLED
	get_api_core_hash();

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	get_api_editor_hash();
#endif // TOOLS_ENABLED
#endif // DEBUG_METHODS_ENABLED
}

void GDMono::_init_exception_policy() {
	PropertyInfo exc_policy_prop = PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "mono/unhandled_exception_policy", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
			vformat("Terminate Application:%s,Log Error:%s", (int)POLICY_TERMINATE_APP, (int)POLICY_LOG_ERROR));
	unhandled_exception_policy = (UnhandledExceptionPolicy)(int)GLOBAL_DEF(exc_policy_prop.name, (int)POLICY_TERMINATE_APP);
	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info(exc_policy_prop.name, exc_policy_prop);

	if (Engine::get_singleton()->is_editor_hint()) {
		// Unhandled exceptions should not terminate the editor
		unhandled_exception_policy = POLICY_LOG_ERROR;
	}
}

void GDMono::add_assembly(int32_t p_domain_id, GDMonoAssembly *p_assembly) {
	assemblies[p_domain_id][p_assembly->get_name()] = p_assembly;
}

GDMonoAssembly *GDMono::get_loaded_assembly(const String &p_name) {
	if (p_name == "mscorlib" && corlib_assembly) {
		return corlib_assembly;
	}

	MonoDomain *domain = mono_domain_get();
	int32_t domain_id = domain ? mono_domain_get_id(domain) : 0;
	GDMonoAssembly **result = assemblies[domain_id].getptr(p_name);
	return result ? *result : nullptr;
}

bool GDMono::load_assembly(const String &p_name, GDMonoAssembly **r_assembly) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	CRASH_COND(!r_assembly);
#endif

	MonoAssemblyName *aname = mono_assembly_name_new(p_name.utf8());
	bool result = load_assembly(p_name, aname, r_assembly);
	mono_assembly_name_free(aname);
	mono_free(aname);

	return result;
}

bool GDMono::load_assembly(const String &p_name, MonoAssemblyName *p_aname, GDMonoAssembly **r_assembly) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	CRASH_COND(!r_assembly);
#endif

	return load_assembly(p_name, p_aname, r_assembly, GDMonoAssembly::get_default_search_dirs());
}

bool GDMono::load_assembly(const String &p_name, MonoAssemblyName *p_aname, GDMonoAssembly **r_assembly, const Vector<String> &p_search_dirs) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	CRASH_COND(!r_assembly);
#endif

	print_verbose("Mono: Loading assembly " + p_name + "...");

	GDMonoAssembly *assembly = GDMonoAssembly::load(p_name, p_aname, /* refonly: */ false, p_search_dirs);

	if (!assembly) {
		return false;
	}

	*r_assembly = assembly;

	print_verbose("Mono: Assembly " + p_name + " loaded from path: " + (*r_assembly)->get_path());

	return true;
}

bool GDMono::load_assembly_from(const String &p_name, const String &p_path, GDMonoAssembly **r_assembly) {
	CRASH_COND(!r_assembly);

	print_verbose("Mono: Loading assembly " + p_name + "...");

	GDMonoAssembly *assembly = GDMonoAssembly::load_from(p_name, p_path, /* refonly: */ false);

	if (!assembly) {
		return false;
	}

	*r_assembly = assembly;

	print_verbose("Mono: Assembly " + p_name + " loaded from path: " + (*r_assembly)->get_path());

	return true;
}

bool GDMono::_load_corlib_assembly() {
	if (corlib_assembly) {
		return true;
	}

	return load_assembly("mscorlib", &corlib_assembly);
}

bool GDMono::_load_core_api_assembly(GDMonoAssembly **r_loaded_api_assembly, const String &p_config) {
	if (*r_loaded_api_assembly) {
		return true;
	}

	return load_assembly(CORE_API_ASSEMBLY_NAME, r_loaded_api_assembly);
}

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
bool GDMono::_load_editor_api_assembly(GDMonoAssembly **r_loaded_api_assembly, const String &p_config) {
	if (*r_loaded_api_assembly) {
		return true;
	}

	return load_assembly(EDITOR_API_ASSEMBLY_NAME, r_loaded_api_assembly);
}
#endif

bool GDMono::_try_load_api_assemblies() {
	String config = get_expected_api_build_config();

	if (!_load_core_api_assembly(&core_api_assembly, config)) {
		if (OS::get_singleton()->is_stdout_verbose()) {
			print_error("Mono: Failed to load Core API assembly");
		}
		return false;
	}

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	if (!_load_editor_api_assembly(&editor_api_assembly, config)) {
		if (OS::get_singleton()->is_stdout_verbose()) {
			print_error("Mono: Failed to load Editor API assembly");
		}
		return false;
	}
#endif

	return _on_core_api_assembly_loaded();
}

bool GDMono::_on_core_api_assembly_loaded() {
	GDMonoCache::update_godot_api_cache();

	if (!GDMonoCache::cached_data.godot_api_cache_updated) {
		return false;
	}

	get_singleton()->_install_trace_listener();

	return true;
}

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
bool GDMono::_load_tools_assemblies() {
	if (tools_assembly && tools_project_editor_assembly) {
		return true;
	}

	return load_assembly(TOOLS_ASM_NAME, &tools_assembly) &&
		   load_assembly(TOOLS_PROJECT_EDITOR_ASM_NAME, &tools_project_editor_assembly);
}
#endif

bool GDMono::_load_project_assembly() {
	if (project_assembly) {
		return true;
	}

	String appname = ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("application/config/name");
	String appname_safe = OS::get_singleton()->get_safe_dir_name(appname);
	if (appname_safe.is_empty()) {
		appname_safe = "UnnamedProject";
	}

	bool success = load_assembly(appname_safe, &project_assembly);

	if (success) {
		mono_assembly_set_main(project_assembly->get_assembly());
		MonoException *exc = nullptr;
		GDMonoCache::cached_data.methodthunk_ScriptManagerBridge_LookupScriptsInAssembly.invoke(
				mono_assembly_get_object(mono_domain_get(), project_assembly->get_assembly()), &exc);
		if (exc) {
			GDMonoUtils::debug_print_unhandled_exception(exc);
		}
	}

	return success;
}

void GDMono::_install_trace_listener() {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	// Install the trace listener now before the project assembly is loaded
	MonoException *exc = nullptr;
	GDMonoCache::cached_data.methodthunk_DebuggingUtils_InstallTraceListener.invoke(&exc);
	if (exc) {
		GDMonoUtils::debug_print_unhandled_exception(exc);
		ERR_PRINT("Failed to install 'System.Diagnostics.Trace' listener.");
	}
#endif
}

#ifndef GD_MONO_SINGLE_APPDOMAIN
Error GDMono::_load_scripts_domain() {
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(scripts_domain != nullptr, ERR_BUG);

	print_verbose("Mono: Loading scripts domain...");

	scripts_domain = GDMonoUtils::create_domain("GodotEngine.Domain.Scripts");

	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V_MSG(scripts_domain, ERR_CANT_CREATE, "Mono: Could not create scripts app domain.");

	mono_domain_set(scripts_domain, true);

	return OK;
}

Error GDMono::_unload_scripts_domain() {
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(scripts_domain, ERR_BUG);

	CSharpLanguage::get_singleton()->_on_scripts_domain_about_to_unload();

	print_verbose("Mono: Finalizing scripts domain...");

	if (mono_domain_get() != root_domain) {
		mono_domain_set(root_domain, true);
	}

	finalizing_scripts_domain = true;

	if (!mono_domain_finalize(scripts_domain, 2000)) {
		ERR_PRINT("Mono: Domain finalization timeout.");
	}

	finalizing_scripts_domain = false;

	mono_gc_collect(mono_gc_max_generation());

	GDMonoCache::clear_godot_api_cache();

	_domain_assemblies_cleanup(mono_domain_get_id(scripts_domain));

	core_api_assembly = nullptr;
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	editor_api_assembly = nullptr;
#endif

	project_assembly = nullptr;
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	tools_assembly = nullptr;
	tools_project_editor_assembly = nullptr;
#endif

	MonoDomain *domain = scripts_domain;
	scripts_domain = nullptr;

	print_verbose("Mono: Unloading scripts domain...");

	MonoException *exc = nullptr;
	mono_domain_try_unload(domain, (MonoObject **)&exc);

	if (exc) {
		ERR_PRINT("Exception thrown when unloading scripts domain.");
		GDMonoUtils::debug_unhandled_exception(exc);
		return FAILED;
	}

	return OK;
}
#endif

#ifdef GD_MONO_HOT_RELOAD
Error GDMono::reload_scripts_domain() {
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!runtime_initialized, ERR_BUG);

	if (scripts_domain) {
		Error domain_unload_err = _unload_scripts_domain();
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(domain_unload_err != OK, domain_unload_err, "Mono: Failed to unload scripts domain.");
	}

	Error domain_load_err = _load_scripts_domain();
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(domain_load_err != OK, domain_load_err, "Mono: Failed to load scripts domain.");

	// Load assemblies. The API and tools assemblies are required,
	// the application is aborted if these assemblies cannot be loaded.

	if (!_try_load_api_assemblies()) {
		CRASH_NOW_MSG("Failed to load one of the API assemblies.");
	}

#if defined(TOOLS_ENABLED)
	bool tools_assemblies_loaded = _load_tools_assemblies();
	CRASH_COND_MSG(!tools_assemblies_loaded, "Mono: Failed to load '" TOOLS_ASM_NAME "' assemblies.");
#endif

	// Load the project's main assembly. Here, during hot-reloading, we do
	// consider failing to load the project's main assembly to be an error.
	// However, unlike the API and tools assemblies, the application can continue working.
	if (!_load_project_assembly()) {
		print_error("Mono: Failed to load project assembly");
		return ERR_CANT_OPEN;
	}

	return OK;
}
#endif

#ifndef GD_MONO_SINGLE_APPDOMAIN
Error GDMono::finalize_and_unload_domain(MonoDomain *p_domain) {
	CRASH_COND(p_domain == nullptr);
	CRASH_COND(p_domain == GDMono::get_singleton()->get_scripts_domain()); // Should use _unload_scripts_domain() instead

	String domain_name = mono_domain_get_friendly_name(p_domain);

	print_verbose("Mono: Unloading domain '" + domain_name + "'...");

	if (mono_domain_get() == p_domain) {
		mono_domain_set(root_domain, true);
	}

	if (!mono_domain_finalize(p_domain, 2000)) {
		ERR_PRINT("Mono: Domain finalization timeout.");
	}

	mono_gc_collect(mono_gc_max_generation());

	_domain_assemblies_cleanup(mono_domain_get_id(p_domain));

	MonoException *exc = nullptr;
	mono_domain_try_unload(p_domain, (MonoObject **)&exc);

	if (exc) {
		ERR_PRINT("Exception thrown when unloading domain '" + domain_name + "'.");
		GDMonoUtils::debug_print_unhandled_exception(exc);
		return FAILED;
	}

	return OK;
}
#endif

void GDMono::_domain_assemblies_cleanup(int32_t p_domain_id) {
	HashMap<String, GDMonoAssembly *> &domain_assemblies = assemblies[p_domain_id];

	const String *k = nullptr;
	while ((k = domain_assemblies.next(k))) {
		memdelete(domain_assemblies.get(*k));
	}

	assemblies.erase(p_domain_id);
}

void GDMono::unhandled_exception_hook(MonoObject *p_exc, void *) {
	// This method will be called by the runtime when a thrown exception is not handled.
	// It won't be called when we manually treat a thrown exception as unhandled.
	// We assume the exception was already printed before calling this hook.

#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	GDMonoUtils::debug_send_unhandled_exception_error((MonoException *)p_exc);
	if (EngineDebugger::is_active()) {
		EngineDebugger::get_singleton()->poll_events(false);
	}
#endif

	exit(mono_environment_exitcode_get());

	GD_UNREACHABLE();
}

GDMono::GDMono() {
	singleton = this;

	gdmono_log = memnew(GDMonoLog);

	runtime_initialized = false;
	finalizing_scripts_domain = false;

	root_domain = nullptr;
	scripts_domain = nullptr;

	corlib_assembly = nullptr;
	project_assembly = nullptr;
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	tools_assembly = nullptr;
	tools_project_editor_assembly = nullptr;
#endif

	api_core_hash = 0;
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	api_editor_hash = 0;
#endif

	unhandled_exception_policy = POLICY_TERMINATE_APP;
}

GDMono::~GDMono() {
	if (is_runtime_initialized()) {
#ifndef GD_MONO_SINGLE_APPDOMAIN
		if (scripts_domain) {
			Error err = _unload_scripts_domain();
			if (err != OK) {
				ERR_PRINT("Mono: Failed to unload scripts domain.");
			}
		}
#else
		CRASH_COND(scripts_domain != root_domain);

		print_verbose("Mono: Finalizing scripts domain...");

		if (mono_domain_get() != root_domain)
			mono_domain_set(root_domain, true);

		finalizing_scripts_domain = true;

		if (!mono_domain_finalize(root_domain, 2000)) {
			ERR_PRINT("Mono: Domain finalization timeout.");
		}

		finalizing_scripts_domain = false;

		mono_gc_collect(mono_gc_max_generation());

		GDMonoCache::clear_godot_api_cache();

		_domain_assemblies_cleanup(mono_domain_get_id(root_domain));

		core_api_assembly.assembly = nullptr;

		project_assembly = nullptr;

		root_domain = nullptr;
		scripts_domain = nullptr;

		// Leave the rest to 'mono_jit_cleanup'
#endif

		const int32_t *k = nullptr;
		while ((k = assemblies.next(k))) {
			HashMap<String, GDMonoAssembly *> &domain_assemblies = assemblies.get(*k);

			const String *kk = nullptr;
			while ((kk = domain_assemblies.next(kk))) {
				memdelete(domain_assemblies.get(*kk));
			}
		}
		assemblies.clear();

		print_verbose("Mono: Runtime cleanup...");

		mono_jit_cleanup(root_domain);

		print_verbose("Mono: Finalized");

		runtime_initialized = false;
	}

#if defined(ANDROID_ENABLED)
	gdmono::android::support::cleanup();
#endif

	if (gdmono_log) {
		memdelete(gdmono_log);
	}

	singleton = nullptr;
}

namespace mono_bind {

GodotSharp *GodotSharp::singleton = nullptr;

void GodotSharp::attach_thread() {
	GDMonoUtils::attach_current_thread();
}

void GodotSharp::detach_thread() {
	GDMonoUtils::detach_current_thread();
}

int32_t GodotSharp::get_domain_id() {
	MonoDomain *domain = mono_domain_get();
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(domain, -1);
	return mono_domain_get_id(domain);
}

int32_t GodotSharp::get_scripts_domain_id() {
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V_MSG(GDMono::get_singleton(),
			-1, "The Mono runtime is not initialized");
	MonoDomain *domain = GDMono::get_singleton()->get_scripts_domain();
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(domain, -1);
	return mono_domain_get_id(domain);
}

bool GodotSharp::is_scripts_domain_loaded() {
	return GDMono::get_singleton() != nullptr &&
		   GDMono::get_singleton()->is_runtime_initialized() &&
		   GDMono::get_singleton()->get_scripts_domain() != nullptr;
}

bool GodotSharp::_is_domain_finalizing_for_unload(int32_t p_domain_id) {
	return is_domain_finalizing_for_unload(p_domain_id);
}

bool GodotSharp::is_domain_finalizing_for_unload(int32_t p_domain_id) {
	return is_domain_finalizing_for_unload(mono_domain_get_by_id(p_domain_id));
}

bool GodotSharp::is_domain_finalizing_for_unload(MonoDomain *p_domain) {
	GDMono *gd_mono = GDMono::get_singleton();

	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!gd_mono || !gd_mono->is_runtime_initialized(),
			false, "The Mono runtime is not initialized");

	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(p_domain, true);

	if (p_domain == gd_mono->get_scripts_domain() && gd_mono->is_finalizing_scripts_domain()) {
		return true;
	}

	return mono_domain_is_unloading(p_domain);
}

bool GodotSharp::is_runtime_shutting_down() {
	return mono_runtime_is_shutting_down();
}

bool GodotSharp::is_runtime_initialized() {
	return GDMono::get_singleton() != nullptr && GDMono::get_singleton()->is_runtime_initialized();
}

void GodotSharp::_reload_assemblies(bool p_soft_reload) {
#ifdef GD_MONO_HOT_RELOAD
	CRASH_COND(CSharpLanguage::get_singleton() == nullptr);
	// This method may be called more than once with `call_deferred`, so we need to check
	// again if reloading is needed to avoid reloading multiple times unnecessarily.
	if (CSharpLanguage::get_singleton()->is_assembly_reloading_needed()) {
		CSharpLanguage::get_singleton()->reload_assemblies(p_soft_reload);
	}
#endif
}

void GodotSharp::_bind_methods() {
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("attach_thread"), &GodotSharp::attach_thread);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("detach_thread"), &GodotSharp::detach_thread);

	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_domain_id"), &GodotSharp::get_domain_id);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_scripts_domain_id"), &GodotSharp::get_scripts_domain_id);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_scripts_domain_loaded"), &GodotSharp::is_scripts_domain_loaded);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_domain_finalizing_for_unload", "domain_id"), &GodotSharp::_is_domain_finalizing_for_unload);

	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_runtime_shutting_down"), &GodotSharp::is_runtime_shutting_down);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("is_runtime_initialized"), &GodotSharp::is_runtime_initialized);
	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("_reload_assemblies"), &GodotSharp::_reload_assemblies);
}

GodotSharp::GodotSharp() {
	singleton = this;
}

GodotSharp::~GodotSharp() {
	singleton = nullptr;
}

} // namespace mono_bind